Accueil
Détail de l'auteur
Auteur Balachandran Unni Nair
Commentaire :
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute, Chemical Laboratory - Adyar - Chennai - India
|
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier Affiner la recherche
Stepping into third millennium : Third generation leather processing : A three step tanning technique / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 5 (05/2003)
[article]
Titre : Stepping into third millennium : Third generation leather processing : A three step tanning technique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; T. Ramasami ; Balachandran Unni Nair ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 173-184 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The do-undo methods adopted in conventional leather processing generate huge amounts of pollutants. In other words, conventional methods employed in leather processing subject the skin/hide to wide variations in pH. Pre-tanning and tanning processes alone contribute more than 90% of the total pollution from leather processing. Apart from this, a great deal of solid wastes like lime and chrome sludge is being generated. In the approach described here, the hair and flesh removal as well as fibre opening have been achieved using biocatalysts and sodium hydroxide at pH 8.5 for cow hides. This was followed by a pickle free chrome tanning, which does not require a basification step. Hence, this tanning technique involves primarily three steps namely dehairing, fibre opening and tanning. It has been found that the extent of hair removal and opening up of fibre bundles is comparable to that of the control. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally processed leathers through physical and hand evaluation. Importantly, softness of the leathers is quantitatively found to be comparable with that of control. The process also demonstrates reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) load by 71%, total solids load by 72% and chromium load by 84% compared to the conventional process. The total dry sludge from the beam house processes is brought down from 149 to 14 kg for processing 1 ton of raw hides. The input-output audit shows that the biocatalytic three step tanning process employs very low amount of chemicals thereby reducing the discharge by 84% compared to the conventional multi step processing. Further, it has also been demonstrated that the process is techno-economically viable. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y0DaEEJ319MBo2-rfDLS1Oet_zbMfrKl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4120
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 5 (05/2003) . - p. 173-184[article]Réservation
Réserver ce document
Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001587 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Stimuli responsive leathers using smart retanning agents / Sangeetha Subramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 6 (06/2012)
[article]
Titre : Stimuli responsive leathers using smart retanning agents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sangeetha Subramanian, Auteur ; N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 196-204 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse thermique
Cuir
Formaldéhyde
Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de
Matériaux intelligents
Matériaux thermosensibles
MélamineLa mélamine, de nom chimique 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, est parfois dénommée cyanuramide ou cyanurotriamine. Sa formule brute est C3H6N6.
Les "résines mélamine-formaldéhyde" ou "mélamine-formol" (sigle MF) sont appelées "mélamine" dans le langage courant. Elles font partie de la famille des aminoplastes qui regroupe des résines thermodurcissables aminées, issues d'un comonomère tel l'urée ou la mélamine, parfois le thiocarbamide, le cyanamide hydrogène ou le dicyandiamide ; le second comonomère étant le formaldéhyde.
Microscopie électronique à balayage
Naphtalène
Retannage
Syntans
Thermogravimétrie
Transition de phaseEn physique, une transition de phase est une transformation du système étudié provoquée par la variation d'un paramètre extérieur particulier (température, champ magnétique...).
Cette transition a lieu lorsque le paramètre atteint une valeur seuil (plancher ou plafond selon le sens de variation). La transformation est un changement des propriétés du système.Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The main use of leather is to protect the body against external environment and to provide comfort. However, leather may be used for additional functions specific to 1) an adverse or extreme climate and 2) job-ambience or profession so as to enhance adaptability and productivity of the user. When such an application arises, the leather is termed as “smart material”. Making leather perform the functions it did as a skin on a live animal renders it as smart leather. Hence, the futuristic objective is to make the processed skin termed “leather” retain its memory so as to result in “smart or intelligent leather”. In this paper, it has been attempted to incorporate thermo responsive function into leathers using smart materials such as phase changing materials (PCM). PCMs are capable of absorbing or releasing large amount of heat during phase transitions between two solid states and/or liquid and solid states. Manufacture of syntans using PCM based on two different prepolymers viz, melamine formaldehyde and naphthalene sulfonic acid has been attempted in this paper. The retanning agents synthesized have been characterized using various techniques like FT-IR, DSC, TGA and SEM analysis. Leathers made using PCM incorporated retanning agents have been tested for various properties viz. strength properties, thermal stability, organoleptic properties to study the influence of the PCM incorporated retanning agents. Note de contenu : - REAGENTS
MICROENCAPSULATION OF n-OCTADECANE : Synthesis of prepolymer solution - Synthesis of oil phase - Synthesis of water phase - Emulsion preparation - Fabrication of microcapsules (PCM))
- CHARACTERIZATION OF SMART RETANNING AGENTS : FT-IR analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry - Thermo-gravimetric analysis - Scanning electron microscopy
- RETANNING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LEATHERS MADE USING SMART RETANNING AGENTS
- CHARACTERIZATION OF RETANNING AGENTS MADE USING PCM FTIR ANALYSIS : Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis - Thermo Responsive Function Analysis
- PROPERTIES OF LEATHER MADE USING PCM : Thermal Stability (DSC and TGA) of leathers - Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of Leathers - Physical strength characteristics of leathers - Hand evaluation of leathers - Thermo responsive functionEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1q8RiPFy-qGqifrMclOhTAMfwDOMHfayT/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15533
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 6 (06/2012) . - p. 196-204[article]Réservation
Réserver ce document
Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13991 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Studies on phosphonium based combination tanning : less chrome approach / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011)
[article]
Titre : Studies on phosphonium based combination tanning : less chrome approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 249-256 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Sulfate de tétrakis hydroxyméthyl phosphonium Le sulfate de tétrakis hydroxyméthyl phosphonium est un myxobactéricide qui offre une prévention efficace contre les biofilms microbiens dans les eaux de traitement, et ce, pour une vaste gamme de micro-organismes formant des biofilms. Le sulfate de tétrakis (hydroxyméthyl) phosphonium agit principalement en augmentant la perméabilité de la membrane externe de l'enveloppe de la cellule microbienne, ce qui entraîne la libération rapide de protéines et d'autres substances cellulaires par les cellules. En outre, le sulfate de tétrakis (hydroxyméthyl) phosphonium inhibe le processus de sulfatoréduction dans les bactéries réductrices de sulfate.
Tannage au chrome
Tannage combinéLe tannage combiné se dit des tannages qui allient deux familles ou genre de tannage pour obtenir un résultat additionnant les qualités complémentaires des tannins mis en œuvre par exemple Chrome-Végétal ou Chrome-Synthétique
Tannage organiqueIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : A new combination tanning system based on tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and chromium as a chrome saver approach has been developed. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained was 110°C. The tanning system is versatile in terms of processing both upper and garment leathers. The physical strength characteristics and organoleptic properties of the leathers obtained are comparable to that of chrome tanned leather. Environmental impact assessment shows that there is significant reduction in effluent (TS and sulfate) load when compared to conventional chrome tanning. The molecular level studies show that high level of enzymatic stability is imparted to collagen stabilized using Cr-THPS combination tanning. Mechanistic insights into the stability of collagen against collagenase have been addressed by studying the conformational changes occuring in collagen and collagenase as a result of interaction with Cr-THPS using circular dichroism (CD). The triple helical conformation of collagen is not altered due to interaction with Cr-THPS. Changes in the conformation of collagenase have been observed; which indicates that Cr-THPS stabilizes collagen by altering the conformation of the enzyme. Note de contenu : EXPERIMENTAL METHODS :
- Materials
- Determination of shrinkage temperature
- Chromium-THPS combination tanning
- Post tanning process
- Physical testing of leathers
- Objective assessment of softness through compressibility measurements
- Colour measurement
- Scanning electronic microscopic analysis
- Isolation and characterization of type I collagen
- Circular dichroic (CD) measurements
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- Chrome-THPS combination tanning : optimization of BCS with 1.5 % THPS
- Physical strength characteristics of Cr-THPS tanned leathers
- Colour measurements
- Softness measurements
- Scanning electron microscopic studies and hand evaluation of chrome-THPS tanned leathers
- Environmental impact of chrome-THPS combination tanning system
- Studies on molecular level understanding of Cr-THPS-collagen interaction : 1. Enzymatic stability of Cr-THPS tanned collagen - 2. Conformational stability of Cr-THPS tanned collagenEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r2gI6IqYy9sNvHm2zJ_vNFwNyNX4Om5n/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=11886
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011) . - p. 249-256[article]Réservation
Réserver ce document
Exemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13284 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Studies on tanning with zirconium oxychloride : Part I. Standardization of tanning process / A. Sundarrajan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 3 (03/2003)
[article]
Titre : Studies on tanning with zirconium oxychloride : Part I. Standardization of tanning process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Sundarrajan, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 101-106 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Concern over environmental toxicology and demand for safe disposal of process wastes are topics of current interest. Although chromium(III) salts find extensive usage in leather processing, the environmental concerns of the leather industry for chromium pollution has led to search for alternative tanning agents. Zirconium salts seem to have the potential for their long-term sustenance in tanning processes. There are several reports on the use of sulphate salts of zirconium in tanning, but the associated disadvantages are poor solubility, drawn grain etc., which have limited their use as a tanning salt. Hence, exploration of other zirconium salts, like zirconium oxychloride as tanning agent is essential. The present investigation focuses on the development of a tanning system using zirconium oxychloride by proper ligation. Zirconium oxychloride with different ligating environments have been employed for tanning experiments. Hydrothermal stability of leathers as high as 95°C has been obtained. Citric acid has been found to be a better ligand, which produces leathers with high hydrothermal stability as compared to other ligands. The precipitation point of zirconium oxychloride solutions with and without citric acid masking has been determined. The amount of tanning salt and ligand used have also been standardized to obtain leathers with properties comparable to those of conventional chrome-tanned leather. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ULqGhdng4hGmlruZEYEhk8bF0366caBC/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4098
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 3 (03/2003) . - p. 101-106[article]Réservation
Réserver ce document
Exemplaires (2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001584 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 001585 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Studies on tanning with zirconium oxychloride : Part II. Development of a versatile tanning system / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 3 (03/2003)
[article]
Titre : Studies on tanning with zirconium oxychloride : Part II. Development of a versatile tanning system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Balaraman Madhan, Auteur ; A. Sundarrajan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 107-114 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Zirconium oxychloride, with suitable ligand environment has been found to be an effective tanning agent. Hydrothermal stability of about 95°C was obtained for the leathers treated with zirconium oxychloride masked with citric acid. The present investigation focuses on possible methodologies to improve the properties of leathers obtained from zirconium oxychloride tanning to suit different product mix through treatment with various co-tanning adjuncts. Exhaustion of zirconium was found to be greater than 80% in all tanning experiments. The zirconium oxychloride leathers posttanned without neutralization exhibit better organoleptic properties compared to leathers posttanned after neutralization. The post-tanning operations have been optimised to obtain both upper and garment leathers. Treatment of zirconium oxychloride leathers with silica produced fuller and smooth grained upper leathers whereas, pretreatment with gluteraldehyde resulted in soft garment leathers. Properties of the leathers obtained are on par with the conventional chrome tanned leathers. Thus a tanning system based on zirconium oxychloride has the potential to be as versatile as chrome tanning systems, which produce leathers for different end uses. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zSSoGgY78awWdhZoLLlDB1xGysSHiXTP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4099
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 3 (03/2003) . - p. 107-114[article]Réservation
Réserver ce document
Exemplaires (2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001584 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 001585 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Studies on the development of leathers from formaldehyde-free melamine syntan / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 5 (05/2012)
PermalinkStudies on the development of a multi-functional syntan / R. Nataraj in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 7 (07/2009)
PermalinkStudies on the development of pickle-sess vegetable tanning / Subramani Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 7 (07/2004)
PermalinkStudies on the removal of inter-fibrillary materials part I : Removal of protein, proteoglycan, glycosoaminoglycans from conventional beamhouse process / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 5 (05/2010)
PermalinkStudies on the removal of inter-fibrillary materials. Part II : removal of protein, proteoglycan and glycosoaminoglycans from biobased pre-tanning process / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 6 (06/2010)
PermalinkStudies on the stabilization of collagen using dialdehyde starch : Part I. Effect of autoclaving on dialdehyde starch / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 12 (12/2006)
PermalinkStudies on the use of Sesuvium Portulacastrum - Part II / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 1 (01/2009)
PermalinkTannic acid-phosphonium combination : A versatile chrome-free organic tanning / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 5 (05/2006)
PermalinkTanning agent based on mixed metal complexes of aluminium and zinc / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 9 (09/2001)
PermalinkTanning studies with basic chromium sulfate prepared using chrome shavings as a reductant : A call for 'wealth from waste' approach to the tanning industry / Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 4 (04/2004)
PermalinkThe development of an integrated rechroming-neutralization-post tanning proces manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins / T. Ayyasamy in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 89, N° 2 (03-04/2005)
PermalinkThe three pot solution for chromium, tannins and solid waste : Recovery and reuse technique for spent semi-chrome liquor and chrome shavings / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)
PermalinkThermochromism for smart leathers / Vairaperumal Tamilmani in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015)
PermalinkTowards sustainable leather production vegetable tanning in non-aqueous medium / Narayana Reddy Gari in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 4 (04/2015)
PermalinkUnderlying principles in chrome tanning : Part 1. Conceptual design of pickle-less tanning / Wondu Legesse in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002)
PermalinkUnderlying principles in chrome tanning : Part 2. Underpinning mechanism in pickle-less tanning / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)
PermalinkUse of ternary solvent (water - ethanol - ethyl acetate) medium for leather processing : a possible paradigm change / Bhargavi Narayana Reddy Gari in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 7 (07/2016)
PermalinkUtilization of calcium alginate beads as adsorbent for removal of dyes from tannery wastewaters / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 6 (06/2006)
PermalinkValue added leather auxiliaries from paper and pulp industry waste / Mohan Vedhanayagam in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 9 (09/2015)
Permalink