An assessment of differences between butt and belly regions of indian sheep skin / Dagnew Negasa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015) . - p. 165-176 Titre : An assessment of differences between butt and belly regions of indian sheep skin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dagnew Negasa, Auteur ; Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 165-176 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de moutons Peau -- Histologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Skins and hides undergo changes in biochemical and biophysical properties during the leather processing. Biochemical composi-tion varies with respect to different portions of the skin like butt, belly, shank, and neck. Belly part looseness is the main problem in leather making from sheepskin. To address this issue, the present work focuses on analysis of histology and biochemical prop-erties of butt and belly portion of sheepskin from the southern part of India. Globular proteins are relatively higher in the butt portion than the belly, whereas it is reverse in the case of fibrous proteins except collagen. Interestingly, the presence of proteo-glycans content in butt regions is significantly high compared to belly and in case of fat content it is reverse. Acid soluble colla-gen contribution is higher in butt region than belly and vice-versa in the case of pepsin soluble collagen. In general, collagen con-tent is significantly higher in butt than belly, which may be the major cause for the higher strength characteristics of butt regions. Cr2O3 content is higher in butt region than belly, which corroborates with protein content and its interaction with tanning agents. Distribution of pore size influences the breathability property of leather, which has been altered in all the unit operations. Scan-ning electron microscopy study reveals the morphology of the grain and cross-section of the skin changes during leather pro-cessing. Thus, this study aids in better understanding of the butt and belly regions of Indian sheepskin. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Sample preparation - Non-collagenous proteins analysis - Fat content and chromic oxide content analysis - Thermal stability determination and pore size distribution - Collagen extraction and analysis - Conformational analysis - Scanning electron microscopic analysis - Histological examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Non-collagenous protein analysis - Fat content analysis - Thermal stability - Pore size distribution - Chromic oxide content analysis - Determination of collagen content - Scanning electron analysis - Histological examination En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/193mZgED0wKCjT-NWI09j55OhjbuB5McX/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24231 [article]

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An integrated approach for the treatment of vegetable tannins wastewaters / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 89, N° 1 (01-02/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 89, N° 1 (01-02/2005) . - p. 9-14 Titre : An integrated approach for the treatment of vegetable tannins wastewaters Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Balaraman Madhan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; A. Sharli, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 9-14 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acacia et constituants Eaux usées -- Décontamination Eaux usées -- Epuration Potentiel zeta Précipitation (chimie) Sulfate de zinc Tanins végétaux Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Intensive leather making techniques in an eco-sensitive world have increased the attraction of a tanning system based on natural products such as plant polyphenolics. However, there is also a distinct disadvantage in the usage of such materials because of the high organic loading of the effluent which is also difficult to degrade due to the high oxygen demand. We have examined the treatment of vegetable tannery effluents aiming at the reduction of the pollution load. Two methods have been evaluated, one based on precipitation of tannins as zinc-tannate and another with oxidative degradation after precipitation. In the precipitation method, 0.5% wattle solution at pH10 is precipitated as zinc-tannate giving a 73% reduction in COD. A further reduction of the chemical oxygen demand by 97% has been obtained with the two-stage approach of precipitation followed by oxidative degradation in the presence of an immobilized iron catalyst. This integrated approach provides a viable solution to the problem of vegetable tannins in wastewaters. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Zeta potential measurements - Precipitation treatment - Two-step treatment - Treatment of industrial samples - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Treatment by precipitation method - Two-step treatment - Treatment of commercial vegetable tannin wastewater - Commercial scale treatment - Table 1 : Effect of pH on COD reduction of vegetable tannin solution - Table 2 : % Reduction of COD on precipitation of vegetable tannins with different amounts of zinc sulphate - Table 3 : COD of 0.5% wattle solution before and after treatment - Table 4 : COD of the commercial vegetable tannery wastewater before and after treatment En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1acFfI8-TAPuL5jjhh6K6TocBI1xyk5b6/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39608 [article]

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Approaches toward elucidating the mechanism of tanning using an organo-zirconium complex / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCV, N° 10 (12/2000)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCV, N° 10 (12/2000) . - p. 359-367 Titre : Approaches toward elucidating the mechanism of tanning using an organo-zirconium complex Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; T. Ramasami, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 359-367 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The use of chromium(III) salts in tanning is under review by the global leather industry. The currently employed tanning methods lead to considerable waste of the chromium(III) salts used. An alternative mineral tanning salt based on zirconium named as Organozir has been developed. Mechanistic insight into tanning with Organozir has been gained through indirect studies. A case for invoking multi-point fixation of Organozir and the possible implications of both electrovalent and hydrogen bonding forces has been made. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iHDzZB20icFmxxpN4Oc56WxXNw8FGTXa/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4403 [article]

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Beamhouse and tanning operations : process chemistry revisited / T. Ramasami in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 83, N° 1 (01-02/1999)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 83, N° 1 (01-02/1999) . - p. 39-45 Titre : Beamhouse and tanning operations : process chemistry revisited Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. Ramasami, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Chandra Babu Narasimhan Kannan, Auteur ; K. Parthasarathi, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; R. Gayathri, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p. 39-45 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leather processing technologies are under critical review in recent times. Traditional methods in leather processing have involved the use of large amounts of water and chemical inputs. The general practice in tanneries has involved the use of nearly 35-40 litres of water per kilogram of leather processed. Processes have not been audited for utilisation of chemical inputs. In some cases, the utilisation levels of chemicals employed fall in the ranges of 40-75 % . Such non-optimum use of chemical and water input has led to problems in both cost effectiveness due to material loss and pollution from unused chemicals. It has become essential that the beamhouse and tanning processes are audited for their environmental loads. Whereas there is sufficient awareness in leather processing industries regarding the costs of compliance with national environmental regulatory norms, the potential benefits of cleaner production technologies with respect to cost saving are not fully understood. Further, with increasing inventory costs, audit of beamhouse and tanning processes is becoming crucial. Process time in leather making operations is influenced by several physico-chemical parameters. One of the major factors influencing process time of beamhouse and tanning operations in leather processing is the duration needed for diffusion of materials. A re-visit to the chemistry of beamhouse and tanning operations at this critical juncture is worthwhile. An attempt has been made in this work to critically review the process chemistry and discuss possible improvement options. Some case studies are presented in this work where reduction of BOD and COD levels by 30-40 %, Total Dissolved Solids by 25-35 %, sulphide by 50-60 % and chromium by 98-99 % has been achieved under real field conditions through improved beamhouse and tanning operations. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7856 [article]

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Chrome-melamine syntan : a step towards developing fuller leather / P. Balasubramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 10 (10/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 10 (10/2015) . - p. 332-336 Titre : Chrome-melamine syntan : a step towards developing fuller leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : P. Balasubramanian, Auteur ; Z. Mohammad Jamal Azhar, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 332-336 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Chrome Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Eaux usées -- Analyse Essais (technologie) Mélamine La mélamine, de nom chimique 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, est parfois dénommée cyanuramide ou cyanurotriamine. Sa formule brute est C3H6N6. Les "résines mélamine-formaldéhyde" ou "mélamine-formol" (sigle MF) sont appelées "mélamine" dans le langage courant. Elles font partie de la famille des aminoplastes qui regroupe des résines thermodurcissables aminées, issues d'un comonomère tel l'urée ou la mélamine, parfois le thiocarbamide, le cyanamide hydrogène ou le dicyandiamide ; le second comonomère étant le formaldéhyde. Morphologie (matériaux) Réticulants Syntans Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The leather industry operates in stages. Many of the finished leather manufacturers source their wet blue leathers from various regions or tanners. In order to have uniformity of metal oxide content, almost all the leathers are rechromed. For this, the industry employs masked chromium(III) salts provided by the leather auxiliary industry in the form of complexes co-linked to phenol/ naphthalene condensates. Also, tanners who use hides/skins from ill fed animals treat their tanned substrate with melamine condensates, so as to get a preferential filling of the belly region. Metal ion complexes co-linked to melamine condensates are rather scarce. For the first time, this paper reports the application studies using a chromium melamine condensate devoid of formaldehyde as cross linker. The said product has been employed in rechroming and evaluated for multiple properties such as providing an equalization of chrome content and filling of belly region. Our studies clearly indicate a marked advantage of employing such a product in the place of commercial chrome syntans alongside melamine condensates, more so for ill fed cowhides. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Preparation of chrome melamine syntan - Characterization of SYN1 - Experiments employing SYN1 - Physical testing and hand evaluation of leathers - Morphological analysis - Analysis of rechrome liquor - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation of SYN1 - Characterization of SYN1 - Physical testing and hand evaluation of leathers - Morphological analysis - Analysis of wastewater En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mu1h5zouz_i6qIQN9YHkXALMDJP1-fTP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24744 [article]

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Chromium(III) pigments : Use of leather wastes as alternative starting material / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 7 (07/2011)  

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Development of alginate-chitosan based biopolymers for leather retanning / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 4 (04/2014)  

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Development of aluminum-melamine formulation for retanning application / Murali Sathish in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 2 (02/2016)  

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Development of natural garment leathers : a metal-free approach / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 12 (12/2010)  

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Direct chrome liquor recycling under indian conditions : Part 1. Role of chromium species on the quality of the leather / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 6 (06/2005)  

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Doped oxides of cerium as inorganic colorants / Cheruvathoor Poulose Aby in COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 123, N° 6 (2007)  

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A fast and robust analytical method based on QuEChERS technique using UPLC- PDS for quantification of carcinogenic arylamines in consumer goods inclusive of leather / S. Suresh in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 4 (04/2023)  

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Green chemistry approach in leather processing : a case of chrome tanning / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 4 (04/2011)  

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Green synthesis of monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles for leather finishing / M. Nidhin in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 6 (06/2014)  

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High exhaust chrome-aluminium combination tanning : Part 1. Optimization of tanning / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 3 (03/2006)  

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Metal organic based syntan for multi-stage leather processing / Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 9 (09/2015)  

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Mixed metal complexes of zirconium : A step towards reducing usage of chromium in tanning / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 3 (03/2004)  

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Natural dyeing of leathers using natural materials / Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 3 (02/2008)  

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Neoteric oxidizing agent for chamois process / Bindia Sahu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 9 (09/2019)  

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A rapid quantification of hydroxyproline in leather using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FLD) method / Priya Narayanan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 5 (05/2023)  

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