An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 149-158 Titre : An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; B. Chandrasekaran, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 149-158 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Coût-Efficacité Cuir -- teneur en chrome Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Déchets -- Réduction Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction Eaux usées -- Analyse Epilage enzymatique Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Present leather-making processes cause difficulties, with regard to their perceived environmental impact. Pre-tanning and tanning processes contribute more than 90% of the total pollution load from leather processing. Conventional process methods subject the skin to wide variations in pH. Such pH changes, lead to salt formation which results in a net increase in COD, TDS, chlorides, sulphates and chromium levels in tannery wastewaters. In this study, a three-step process sequence has been explored to limit the pH range in leather processing to between 4.0-8.0. A sequence of operations, viz. enzyme unhairing, NaOH based fibre opening and pickle-less chrome tanning produces leathers matching the functional performance of conventionally processed leathers but leading to substantial environmental benefits in the reduction of COD and total solids by 43 and 70%, respectively. Water consumption for processing is reduced to 17.81/Kg raw hide. The process sequence explored appears to be economically viable. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : - Standardisation of dehairing process - Standardisation of opening up of fibre bundles - Experimental tanning process (E) - Conventional tanning process (C, as followed in India) - EXAMINATION OF THE LEATHERS : - Input-output analysis - Scanning electron microscopic examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : - Standardisation of dehairing system - Standardisation of NaOH for opening up of fibre bundles - INTEGRATED THREE STEP TANNING PROCESS : AN APPRAISAL - Softness measurements - Scanning electron microscopic analysis - Chromium in leather - OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE LEATHER - Strength characteristics - Tactile properties - Environmental benefits - Techno-economic viability - INPUT-OUTPUT AUDIT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL PROCESS control process - Table 1 : Composition of depilatory mixture* for different methods of application - Table 2 : Extent of swelling and cross section pH of the pelts from preliminary fibre opening trials - Table 3 : Compression measurement and gradient data for control (C) and experimental (E) crust Leathers - Table 4 : Comparison of chromium content in wet blue leathers from control (C) and experimental (E) processes - Table 5 : Physical testing data of control (C) and experimental (E) leathers - Table 6 : Composite liquor analysis - Table 7 : Comparison of water requirement and discharge for control (C) and experimental (E) leather processing of 1 kg raw skins - Table 8 : Time and power consumption for the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes - Table 9 : Cost estimates of the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes - Table 10 : Input-output audit for both control and experimental process En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jxj7vQuxr9IAA_lOPXzd04eZ-44Kkiva/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39771 [article]

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An organic approach for wet white garment leathers / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 3 (03/2009)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIV, N° 3 (03/2009) . - p. 113-119 Titre : An organic approach for wet white garment leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar, Auteur ; N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 113-119 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : To meet the growing demand for white garments and pastel shade leathers, a new combination tanning sytem based on acetaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulphate (THPS) has been developed. The advantages of this tanning system include not only producing white leathers but also completely doing away with chrome. Three separate combinations viz. acetaldehyde-THPS, glutaraldehyde-THPS and acetaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-THPS have been studied. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained using acetaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-THPS combination is 86°C. The organoleptic and the strength properties of the leathers made using this combination system have been found to be on par with that of conventional chrome tanned leather. Aldehyde tanning is known to yellow on ageing and exhibit poor light fastness. However, this new tanning system exhibits good light fastness owing to the presence of THPS. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jzPGya5J0pDnCngnaAZZOWgRhV1eXJGi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4482 [article]

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A bio-driven lime and pickle free tanning paves way for freener garment leather production / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 53-66 Titre : A bio-driven lime and pickle free tanning paves way for freener garment leather production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 53-66 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Conventional methods employed in leather processing subject the skin or hide to a wide variety of chemicals. This contributes to an increase in COD, TDS, chlorides, sulfates and other mineral salts in tannery effluent. A process sequence has now been explored viz., enzymatic dehairing, enzymatic fiber opening, and pickle-free chrome tanning for tanning red hair sheepskins, which limits the use of unsafe chemicals. A process for dehairing at pH 8.0 has been achieved by employing a commercial enzyme. A novel opening up system has been established again using enzymes. A pickle-basification free chrome tanning has been adopted to tan the enzyme treated matrices. Using the above said strategy, garment leathers have been made from wet-salted sheepskins. This leads to substantial decrease in chemical consumption from 442 to 38 kg for tanning one metric ton raw skins. Performances of leathers are on a par with conventionally opened up leathers, which is substantiated through physical and hand evaluation. This has also been verified through scanning electron microscopic analysis and softness measurements. The process also enjoys reduction in COD and TS loads on the environment by 84%. This process has also been proved to be economically viable, when compared with conventional process. Thus, the bio-driven pickle-free chrome tanning process leads to the manufacture of garment leathers with a cleaner environment. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R3Gr4jJtrt9ZhcdUgqu8bhjYEHRRMtAE/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4175 [article]

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Bioaccumulation route for secured recovery and recoup of chromium from tannery wastewaters / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004) . - p. 197-204 Titre : Bioaccumulation route for secured recovery and recoup of chromium from tannery wastewaters Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 197-204 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Increasing concern regarding the toxicity and environmental impact of the chromium metal ion discharge from the tannery has led to investigations into alternative effluent treatment technologies. The use of biological materials for heavy metal ion removal and recovery technologies has gained widespread acceptability during recent years because of its high performance at low cost compared to other treatment methodologies. In this work a species of brown seaweed is shown to accumulate chromium from tannery wastewaters. Bioaccumulation provides a cheaper means for the removal of heavy metals; however, the reuse of recovered metal is a challenging problem. The chromium-loaded seaweed was advantageously used as a reductant for the manufacture of basic chromium sulfate. The developed product has been employed for tanning of goatskins. Studies reveal that the quality of the wet blue leathers is on a par with the leathers tanned with commercial BCS. Shrinkage temperature of the leathers is comparable and is above 110 °C at an offer of 1.25% Cr2O3. Chromium exhaustion is about 74%. Performance of the crust leathers is comparable to that of conventional tanned leathers. This methodology provides a holistic approach for the recovery and reuse of chromium from tannery wastewaters. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NV60UnTMQv2VtNRP6uAxvoHuLfCyALv4/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4193 [article]

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Chrome-melamine syntan : a step towards developing fuller leather / P. Balasubramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 10 (10/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 10 (10/2015) . - p. 332-336 Titre : Chrome-melamine syntan : a step towards developing fuller leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : P. Balasubramanian, Auteur ; Z. Mohammad Jamal Azhar, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 332-336 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Chrome Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Eaux usées -- Analyse Essais (technologie) Mélamine La mélamine, de nom chimique 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, est parfois dénommée cyanuramide ou cyanurotriamine. Sa formule brute est C3H6N6. Les "résines mélamine-formaldéhyde" ou "mélamine-formol" (sigle MF) sont appelées "mélamine" dans le langage courant. Elles font partie de la famille des aminoplastes qui regroupe des résines thermodurcissables aminées, issues d'un comonomère tel l'urée ou la mélamine, parfois le thiocarbamide, le cyanamide hydrogène ou le dicyandiamide ; le second comonomère étant le formaldéhyde. Morphologie (matériaux) Réticulants Syntans Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The leather industry operates in stages. Many of the finished leather manufacturers source their wet blue leathers from various regions or tanners. In order to have uniformity of metal oxide content, almost all the leathers are rechromed. For this, the industry employs masked chromium(III) salts provided by the leather auxiliary industry in the form of complexes co-linked to phenol/ naphthalene condensates. Also, tanners who use hides/skins from ill fed animals treat their tanned substrate with melamine condensates, so as to get a preferential filling of the belly region. Metal ion complexes co-linked to melamine condensates are rather scarce. For the first time, this paper reports the application studies using a chromium melamine condensate devoid of formaldehyde as cross linker. The said product has been employed in rechroming and evaluated for multiple properties such as providing an equalization of chrome content and filling of belly region. Our studies clearly indicate a marked advantage of employing such a product in the place of commercial chrome syntans alongside melamine condensates, more so for ill fed cowhides. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Preparation of chrome melamine syntan - Characterization of SYN1 - Experiments employing SYN1 - Physical testing and hand evaluation of leathers - Morphological analysis - Analysis of rechrome liquor - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation of SYN1 - Characterization of SYN1 - Physical testing and hand evaluation of leathers - Morphological analysis - Analysis of wastewater En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mu1h5zouz_i6qIQN9YHkXALMDJP1-fTP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24744 [article]

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Combination tanning based on tara : an attempt to make chrome-free garment leathers / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 6 (06/2007)  

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Development of alginate-chitosan based biopolymers for leather retanning / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 4 (04/2014)  

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Development of aluminum-melamine formulation for retanning application / Murali Sathish in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 2 (02/2016)  

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Development of natural garment leathers : a metal-free approach / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 12 (12/2010)  

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Dyeing of chamois leather using water soluble sulphure dyes / A. Jaya Prakash in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 10 (10/2016)  

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Effect of acid swelling and its impact on the properties of cow industrial glove leathers / Murali Sathish in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 6 (06/2023)  

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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia Inermis (Henna) against microbial strains isolated from goat skin/leather / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 5 (05/2011)  

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Fungus-resistant fatliquor from blended natural oils - A sustainable lubricating product / Bindia Sahu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 9 (09/2020)  

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Glove leather manufacture from sheepskins : influence of fatliquors and syntans on the gloving properties / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 5 (05/2008)  

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Green chemistry approach in leather processing : a case of chrome tanning / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 4 (04/2011)  

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Green synthesis of monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles for leather finishing / M. Nidhin in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 6 (06/2014)  

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Henna–aluminum combination tannage : a greener alternative tanning system / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 6 (06/2011)  

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Interaction of aluminum and hydrolysable tannin polyphenols : An approach to understanging the mechanism of aluminum vegetable combination tannage / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 9 (09/2006)  

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Manufacture of high performance sheep upper leather from low grade / Wondimu Wolde / Saarbrücken [Germany] : Lambert Academic Publishing (2019) 

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Mixed metal complexes of zirconium : A step towards reducing usage of chromium in tanning / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 3 (03/2004)  

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