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Towards a sustainable material use in the automotive industry : Life Cycle Costing and socio-technical approach to material use / Nabila Iken in MATERIAUX & TECHNIQUES, Vol. 107, N° 5 (2019)  

[article]  inMATERIAUX & TECHNIQUES > Vol. 107, N° 5 (2019) . - 14 p. Titre : Towards a sustainable material use in the automotive industry : Life Cycle Costing and socio-technical approach to material use Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nabila Iken, Auteur ; Stéphane Morel, Auteur ; Franck Aggeri, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Automobiles -- Industrie et Commerce -- Aspect de l'environnement Automobiles -- Matériaux Coût du cycle de vie Index. décimale : 629.22 Automobiles Résumé : The purpose of the article is twofold. We first present a Life Cycle Costing methodology applied at different scales to compare between design options in terms of materials use: in an automobile vehicle part, a whole vehicle, and a car manufacturer’s portfolio. The Life Cycle Costs consider costs for different stakeholders, including environmental damage costs (supported by the civil society), fuel expenses (supported by the customer) and materials costs (supported by the car manufacturer). The second objective of the article is to bring a management and socio-technical vision to the issue of material use in the automobile industry, in order to challenge the idea that all decisions regarding material use depend on purely technical and economic criteria. Through a qualitative research, we investigated the barriers to material efficiency and integrating the environmental criterion in decision making from a French car manufacturer’s perspective. Within the same company, we also collected material experts’ feedbacks on the LCC tool developed in the first Part, both in terms of methodology and potential integration in decision-making. Note de contenu : - 1. REDEFINING THE VALUE OF MATERIALS THROUGH A HOLISTIC INDICATOR : Introduction : why a life cycle cost ? - Method - Results - Discussion - 2. SOCIO-TECHNICAL STUDY AND MANAGEMENT APPROACH OF MATERIALS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY : Introduction - Method - Results - Discussion - Concluding comments Référence de l'article : 504 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019027 En ligne : https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2019/05/mt190045.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34445 [article]

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The (love & hate) role of entropy in process metallurgy / Halvard Tveit in MATERIAUX & TECHNIQUES, Vol. 107, N° 5 (2019)  

[article]  inMATERIAUX & TECHNIQUES > Vol. 107, N° 5 (2019) . - 8 p. Titre : The (love & hate) role of entropy in process metallurgy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Halvard Tveit, Auteur ; Leiv Kolbeinsen, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 8 p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Energie Entropie (thermodynamique) Silicones Les silicones, ou polysiloxanes, sont des composés inorganiques formés d'une chaine silicium-oxygène (...-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-...) sur laquelle des groupes se fixent, sur les atomes de silicium. Certains groupes organiques peuvent être utilisés pour relier entre elles plusieurs de ces chaines (...-Si-O-...). Le type le plus courant est le poly(diméthylsiloxane) linéaire ou PDMS. Le second groupe en importance de matériaux en silicone est celui des résines de silicone, formées par des oligosiloxanes ramifiés ou en forme de cage (wiki). Index. décimale : 668.9 Polymères Résumé : Process metallurgy is the basis for the production, refining and recycling of metals and is based on knowledge of transport phenomena, thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, and of their interaction in high-temperature, heterogeneous metallurgical processes. The entropy concept is crucial in describing such systems, but, because entropy is not directly observable, some effort is required to grasp the role of entropy in process metallurgy. In this paper, we will give some examples of how entropy has a positive effect on efforts to reach the process objectives in some cases, while in other cases, entropy acts in contradiction to the desired results. In order to do this, it is necessary to have a closer look at both the entropy concept itself as well as at other functions like free energy and exergy since they encompass entropy. The chosen case is the production of silicon. It is the huge entropy change in the process that is utilized. The case is not chosen arbitrary. Indeed, it is the authors’ strong belief that silicon will be one of the foundations for the environmental and energy future planned for in the “Paris-agreement”. We will also explore relatively recent research in physics and thermodynamics that led to the description of the concepts like “dissipative systems and structures”. Dissipative systems are thermodynamically open systems, operating out of, and often far from thermodynamic equilibrium and exhibit dynamical regimes that are in some sense in a reproducible self-organized steady state. Such structures can arise almost everywhere provided this structure, feeding on low entropy resources, dissipates entropy generated in the form of heat and waste material in parallel with the wanted products/results. Examples range from metallurgical processes to the emergence of industrial symbiosis. Note de contenu : - Introduction (based mainly on [1]) - The Paris Agreement - and the consequence for the energy usage - Silicon - the metalloid hero faces new assignments for humanity - The silicon processes - The exergy destruction in silicon production - Some thoughts about silicon production and the future Référence de l'article : 506 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019028 En ligne : https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2019/05/mt190044.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34446 [article]

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Personalized Life Cycle Assessment - reflecting individuality within the methodological framework / Ann-Kathrin Briem in MATERIAUX & TECHNIQUES, Vol. 107, N° 5 (2019)  

[article]  inMATERIAUX & TECHNIQUES > Vol. 107, N° 5 (2019) . - 8 Titre : Personalized Life Cycle Assessment - reflecting individuality within the methodological framework Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ann-Kathrin Briem, Auteur ; Thomas Betten, Auteur ; Daniel Wehner, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 8 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Durée de vie (Ingénierie) Tags : 'Personnalisation  de  masse'  'Evaluation  du  cycle  vie'  Individualité  'Conscience  environnementale'  'Comportement  pro-environnemental' Index. décimale : 304.2 Ecologie humaine : les activités sociales humaines et l'environnement. Pollution Résumé : Growing environmental awareness in society increasingly influences individual everyday decisions, such as which product to buy or how to sustainably use it. Yet, available information to support these decisions is often limited, or difficult to understand particularly regarding sustainability. Effective ways of communicating environmental impacts of individual decisions are required to close this gap. While Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an established tool to evaluate environmental impacts of products and services and support environmental decision-making, the results are typically standardized and based on statistical or averaged data. However, for individuals, this information might be irrelevant, as it neglects personal situation, behavior, information need, or individual level of expertise. In tackling those central issues of personalization in LCA, this article focuses on two main questions: How can individual aspects be addressed in LCA and at which stages of the methodology can LCA be personalized? For this purpose, the ISO 14040/44 standards are analyzed regarding individuality, and current approaches in literature are presented. In an explorative approach, this research identifies two general approaches of personalizing LCA. A personalized Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) enables evaluating the environmental impacts of personal(ized) products and conditions. A broader personalization approach based on the flexibility of the methodological framework of LCA aims at providing understandable and relevant results for individual stakeholders. This article provides an overview, outlines key aspects of this vision, and points out further research needs to bring the concept into application. Note de contenu : - Analyzing individuality in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 - Addressing individuality with and within LCA : Scope : Input data - Personalized product life cycle inventory - Scope : Goal and scope, evaluation and interpretation Référence de l'article : 507 DOI : https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2019030 En ligne : https://www.mattech-journal.org/articles/mattech/pdf/2019/05/mt190048.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34447 [article]

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