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Headspace GC-MS for the determination of halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers and aromatic volatiles in fabric and leather / Emilie Chorier in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014) . - p. 322-329 Titre : Headspace GC-MS for the determination of halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers and aromatic volatiles in fabric and leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emilie Chorier, Auteur ; Nicolas Blanc, Auteur ; Jean-Claude Cannot, Auteur ; Alain Berthod, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 322-329 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse quantitative (chimie) Composés aromatiques Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Echantillonnage Ethers Extraction (chimie) Fibres textiles -- Analyse Hydrocarbures halogénés Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was required in industrial products. Now, it is also sought in household products. The detrimental impact of VOCs on air quality and human health pushed state authorities to take measures to reduce their emissions and occurrence in circulating goods. A set of 28 VOCs including 20 halogenated alkyl and aromatic compounds, two ethers and six hydrocarbons was built as a model of most VOCs possibly encountered in leather and textile commercial products. A variety of leather and textile matrices were spiked with known amounts of the VOC mix. It is shown that the headspace (HS) extraction must last for 45 min at 90°C to reach full recovery of the least volatile compounds (1,2-diclorobenzene) even if 80% and more recovery is obtained in 5 min at 90°C for all 28 VOCs contained in 20 mg amounts of leather or textile samples. The single ion-monitoring (SIM) mode of the mass spectrometer was needed to quantitate several VOCs overlapping in the GC chromatogram. The HS GC-MS method produced a statistically validated limit of quantification of 2.5 mg/kg (ppm) for all 28 VOCs analyzed. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL SECTION : 1. Materials - 2. Sample preparation - 3. GC-MS analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : 1. Choice of the volatile compound set - 2. Headspace principle - 3. Optimization of extraction - 4. VOC quantification - 5. Real samples En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XIPxBS6htWglBrPf_Us9Ll1JhTL9LjQR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22078 [article]

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Determination of the reactive dye navy blue her in the wastewaters of the dyeing processes of chrome-tanned leather / L. S. P. Santos in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014) . - p. 330-341 Titre : Determination of the reactive dye navy blue her in the wastewaters of the dyeing processes of chrome-tanned leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L. S. P. Santos, Auteur ; L. F. Crispim, Auteur ; N. M. C. Silva, Auteur ; N. S. Oliveira, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 330-341 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Colorants réactifs Eaux usées -- Analyse Eaux usées -- Teneur en colorants Echantillonnage Etalonnage Spectrophotométrie UV-Visible Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : One of the main environmental problems in the leather industry is the contaminant load and amount of effluent produced during the industrial process. From these effluents we can highlight those resulting from the dyeing processes that contribute to the increase of the COD and BOD of the discharged wastewaters. The aim of the present work is to develop and validate simple, rapid, specific, selective, precise, robust and economical UV-Vis Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of reactive dye (Navy Blue Her) in aqueous solutions and effluents of the dyeing processes of chrome-tanned leather. UV-Vis Spectrophotometric measurement was carried out at a wavelength of maximum absorbance of 610 nm using ultrapure water as the solvent. The developed method was validated with respect to specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision (repeatability, intermediate precision) and robustness. The calibration curve (Abs = 0.01054C + 0.00067) is linear (r2 = 0.99998) in the concentration range from 3.0 mg/L up to 48.0 mg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.206 mg/L and 0.624 mg/L, respectively. The analysis results and its statistical treatment have proved that this analytical method is specific, selective, precise and robust, and has good repeatability and intermediate precision. Thus the proposed method was approved for all the analyzed parameters, being therefore, properly validated, and can be successfully applied for the estimation of reactive dye (Navy Blue Her) in aqueous solutions and effluents of the dyeing processes of chrome-tanned leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : 1. Apparatus - 2. Materials and reagents - 3. Stock production preparation - 4. Standard solutions preparation - 5. Preparation of standard solutions to establish the calibration curve - 6. Preparation of real effluent samples - 7. Description of the experimental tests : a. UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements - b. Calibration curve - 8. Validation of the method in study : a. Specificity and selectivity - b. Linearity and linear range - c. Precision - d. Stability of reactive dye solution - e. Robustness - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : 1. Absorption spectra of the dye solutions and samples of real effluents - 2. Calibration cyrve - 3. Validation of the method in study : a. Specificity and selectivity - b. Sensitivity - c. Linearity and linear range - d. Limit of Detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) - e. Measurement range - f. Precision - g. Stability of reactive dye solutions - h. Robustness - 4. Determination of the reactive dye concentration in samples of real effluents En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VI8Z4XV89rWj5g0Q8u3NLqxnKYywFxGm/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22079 [article]

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Pyrolysis of chromed leather waste shavings in fluidized bed / Taysnara Simioni in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014) . - p. 342-352 Titre : Pyrolysis of chromed leather waste shavings in fluidized bed Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Taysnara Simioni, Auteur ; Eric Matos, Auteur ; Vinicius Marcondes Bacca, Auteur ; Daniele Perondi, Auteur ; Marcelo Godinho, Auteur ; Aline Dettmer, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 342-352 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Chrome Combustion en lit fluidisé Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Déchets industriels -- Recyclage Pyrolyse La pyrolyse est la décomposition ou thermolyse d'un composé organique par la chaleur pour obtenir d'autres produits (gaz et matière) qu'il ne contenait pas. L'opération est réalisée en l'absence d'oxygène ou en atmosphère pauvre en oxygène pour éviter l'oxydation et la combustion (L’opération ne produit donc pas de flamme). Il s'agit du premier stade de transformation thermique après la déshydratation. Elle permet généralement d'obtenir un solide carboné, une huile et un gaz. Elle débute à un niveau de température relativement bas (à partir de 200 °C) et se poursuit jusqu'à 1 000 °C environ. Selon la température, la proportion des trois composés résultants est différente. Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The leather industry generates a large amount of solid waste, which sometimes has pollution potential. Chromium is often present in this waste. Thermal treatment proves to be a promising method for the reuse of leather waste. The pyrolysis process involves heating the biomass in an inert atmosphere. The products are gas, oil and carbonaceous solid residue (char). The present study main objective is to investigate the production of useful materials from chromed leather waste shavings (CLWS) pyrolysis. This waste was characterized by chromium, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ashes content. Volatile content, higher calorific value, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also determined. A fluidized bed reactor was used for the tests. The parameter varied in the experiments was the temperature (723 K and 873 K), and heating rates (0,25 and 0,4 K/s). The product fractions yield was evaluated, and was found that the pyrolysis temperature of 873 K has a higher yield of oil. The oil was characterized using the technique of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, that showed the presence of oxygenated organic compounds (alcohols, phenols, ketones) and even non-oxygenated organic compounds (alkanes, alkenes, aromatics) in its composition. The char was characterized according to the techniques of SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). According to the results of these analyses, the char has a porous morphology and is basically composed of C, Cr, Na, Mg and Cl. Thus, the pyrolysis of CLWS appears as a promising alternative for the treatment of these residues, and to obtain useful products. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : 1. Leather waste - 2. Sample characterization - 3. Experimental procedure - 4. Determination of the pyrolisis fractions - 5. Products characterization - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : 1. Characterization of chromed leather waste shavings - 2. Pyrolisis tests - 3. Pyrolisis products - 4. Products characterization En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vtdeZ-L4a1vKqeXKfPKxvj0gOKVix6b3/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22083 [article]

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Modeling a strategic raw hides & skins supply chain network suitable for adoption of chilling method of preservation in decentralized collection system / P. Anantha Narayanan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIX, N° 10 (10/2014) . - p. 353-362 Titre : Modeling a strategic raw hides & skins supply chain network suitable for adoption of chilling method of preservation in decentralized collection system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : P. Anantha Narayanan, Auteur ; P. S. S. Prasad, Auteur ; D. Chandramouli, Auteur ; Chandra Babu Narasimhan Kannan, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 353-362 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chaine logistique Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Entreposage frigorifique Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Salt Curing is a method that is widely used for the preservation of raw hides and skins worldwide and this leads to high salinity in tannery effluents. The treatment of such highly saline stream poses serious challenges, as pollution control norms for salinity are quite stringent in many countries including India. Chilling has been proven a most efficient method both in terms of cost and preservation efficacy for short-term storage but adoption in decentralized raw material collection systems prevailing in many developing and underdeveloped countries is a major challenge. In the present techno-management study, an attempt has been made to model a strategic supply chain network for collection and chilling of raw hides and skins suitable for such decentralized situations. Tamil Nadu state in India has been chosen for the pilot project as it contributes close to 50% of the tanning activity in India. Eight clusters have been formed by grouping the districts of Tamil Nadu based on the geographical location. The optimized location for the chiller in each cluster was found using gravity location model and the feasibility of transporting the raw hides and skins from slaughterhouse to chiller has been studied. Note de contenu : - Preservation by chilling - International experience - Chilling method of preservation - an Indian experience - The raw material collection system in India - Modeling a suitable strategic supply chain network for decentralized collection system - Optimizing the location of chillers with respect to slaughter houses/markets in Tamil Nadu - Data collection and clustering - Location of the chiller - Benefits of the proposed model - Recommendations for adoption En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13BUAZUGRIxv--PDkZPqCc9fdR72bfvy0/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22084 [article]

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