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JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) / Union internationale des sociétés de techniciens et chimistes des industries du cuir . Vol. 96, N° 4Mention de date : 07-08/2012Paru le : 17/08/2012 |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierChromium in the tanning industry : an odissey from cradle to grave / Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)
[article]
Titre : Chromium in the tanning industry : an odissey from cradle to grave Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay, Auteur ; Anulipi Aich, Auteur ; Subhra Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 133-140 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome hexavalent -- Toxicologie
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Inde
Eaux usées
Pollution
Sulfate de chrome
Tannage au chromeIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The authors present a review of chromium in the industry together with detailed reports of the remediation of chromium pollution by wetlands.
Chromium is the buzzword of both tanners and environmental scientists. Because ithas several advantageous properties over other tanning agents, 80-90 % of leather today is tanned with chromium salts (Basic Chrome Sulphate). In pre-tanning processes hides and skins are soaked ; hair and keratinous debris in the epidermis are removed and bated. The pelts are then acid pickled to prepare for addition of BCS salts. After full penetration of BCS in the pelts, pH is raised slightly by adding weak alkaline salts. This accelerates the de-protonation of hexaquachromium (III) complexes forming more stable µ-hydroxo-µ-sulphato complexes on one hand and formation of di--tri- or oligo-nuclear complexes by the way of polymerisation on the other. The contemporary process is exclusively based on single bath procedure and utilises Cr(III) only. In contrast, the obsolete double bath process, which involved the insitu reduction of chromate [Cr(VI)], is environmentally and toxicologically hazardous.
The East Calcutta Wetlands ; currently a special conservation site (Ram Site N° 1208), at the eastern fringe of Kolkate city, West Bengal, India was contaminated by composite industrial and municipal wastewater continuously over the past years. A large volume (ca. RO 000m3 day-1) of highly contaminated effluent flows through a network of canals within the ECW ecosystem and are finally discharged into the Kultigong River, nearly 40 kms away from Calcutta city. On the journey through the canals, this composite wastewater is used for irrigating agricultural farms as well as for pisciculture in wastewater-fed fisheries. Chromium, being the most known toxic constituent of tannery effluent drawn the attention of environmental scientists, whether it has any detrimental effect on ecosystem and biota, when the effluent is used for pisciculture and agriculture.
The present study mainly focuses on the adverse effects of chromium, if any, in the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem when discharged to the environment. Thought it has been proved that ECW played a crucial role in ameliorating contaminated industrial effluent, thus improving water quality and minimizing the detrimental effects on biota, care still has to be taken to stop insensitive handling and wastage of this valuable mineral resource. In India, the tanning sector inflicts a heavy toll on the chromium resource, as around 30-50 % of chromium that is consumed for leather processing, flows down the drain. It would be our moralduty to check this colossal wastage and think seriously about the recovery and reuse of spent chromium from tanneries.Note de contenu : - Chromium : a unique metal of industrial importance
- Chromium and the tanning industry
- Chroium in ecosystems and biota : Chromium in wastewater - Chromium in soil and sediment - Chromium in plants - Chromium in fish - Chromium in non-edible faunaEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XLjNMGTqow3ODobRAVVAeHhGEbjVVwM5/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15697
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14082 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Chrome-free tanning - A non-pickle process using a Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent / Wang Kangjian in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)
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Titre : Chrome-free tanning - A non-pickle process using a Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wang Kangjian, Auteur ; Xiao Shiwei, Auteur ; Liu Meng, Auteur ; Dan Nianhua, Auteur ; Dan Weihua, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 141-147 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Aluminium L'aluminium est un élément chimique, de symbole Al et de numéro atomique 13. C’est un métal pauvre, malléable, de couleur argent, qui est remarquable pour sa résistance à l’oxydation13 et sa faible densité. C'est le métal le plus abondant de l'écorce terrestre et le troisième élément le plus abondant après l'oxygène et le silicium ; il représente en moyenne 8 % de la masse des matériaux de la surface solide de notre planète. L'aluminium est trop réactif pour exister à l'état natif dans le milieu naturel : on le trouve au contraire sous forme combinée dans plus de 270 minéraux différents, son minerai principal étant la bauxite, où il est présent sous forme d’oxyde hydraté dont on extrait l’alumine. Il peut aussi être extrait de la néphéline, de la leucite, de la sillimanite, de l'andalousite et de la muscovite.
L'aluminium métallique est très oxydable, mais est immédiatement passivé par une fine couche d'alumine Al2O3 imperméable de quelques micromètres d'épaisseur qui protège la masse métallique de la corrosion. On parle de protection cinétique, par opposition à une protection thermodynamique, car l’aluminium reste en tout état de cause très sensible à l'oxydation. Cette résistance à la corrosion et sa remarquable légèreté en ont fait un matériau très utilisé industriellement.
L'aluminium est un produit industriel important, sous forme pure ou alliée, notamment dans l'aéronautique, les transports et la construction. Sa nature réactive en fait également un catalyseur et un additif dans l'industrie chimique ; il est ainsi utilisé pour accroître la puissance explosive du nitrate d'ammonium.
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Sels métalliques
Tannage minéralTannage dans lequel interviennent différents minéraux. Le plus répandu est le tannage aux sels de chrome, mais aussi à l’aluminium
Titane
ZirconiumIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Zr-Al-Ti complex tanning agent was applied to the cattle hide after bating. The optimum technological conditions were : dosage of tanning agent 12 % of the bated pelt weight, tanning time after water supplement 5 hours, final temperature 40°C, the pH of basification 4.0. There was no need to pickle and add salt, the shrinkage temperature reached 94.6°C. SEM and histological section observations revealed that the fibre bundles were tight and similar to those of chrome-tanned leather, as were its tear strength, tensile strength and elongation at break, suggesting the potential to replace the conventional chrome process. Meanwhile, the new process can also effectively reduce chloride ion contamination. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Effect of tanning conditions on tanning property of DMT-II - Microstructure characteristics of DMT-II tanned leather - Physical-mechanical properties determination
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Shrinkage temperture comparison of leather prepared by different tannages - The tanning process parameters influence on shrinkage temperature - Microstructure characteristics of DMT-II- Tanned crust leatherEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MbJJCmZedOrCBjMkpkYANsFRs_34jdj8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15698
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14082 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Determination of dimethyl fumarate in leather : purge-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS / Li Wang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)
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Titre : Determination of dimethyl fumarate in leather : purge-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Li Wang, Auteur ; Qian Shu, Auteur ; Zhang Yu, Auteur ; Chen Shujuan, Auteur ; Zhang Xinshen, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 148-151 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Extraction par solvant
Fumarate de diméthyleIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Purge-assisted headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (PA/HS-SPME) was proposed for the determination of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) extracted from finished leather. Samples were extracted from solvent by Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE), concentrated and purified with PA/HS-SPME, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS), and quantified against external standards. The parameters of PA/HS-SPME, such as temperature and time, were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity for DMF was over the concentration range of 5-1000ng/ml ; the detection limit was 1ng/ml ; the relative standard deviation (n=6) was 9.94 % at 100ng/ml. The recoveries were in the range of 66.8-91.5 %. This eco-friendly method was applied to the determination of DMF in leather samples satisfactorily. The proposed PA/HS-SPME method opens new avenues for the determination of DMF in leather samples. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Instrumentation - Extraction of DMF from leather samples and sample preparation - Operating procedure
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Optimization of PA/HS-SPME conditions - Limits of detection, linear range and precision - Analysis or real samplesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eaoKLIvuJdArwL4gDuSV_XOerDlgYUIA/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15699
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14082 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) extracted from dyed leather with on-line decolouring / Li Wang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)
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Titre : Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) extracted from dyed leather with on-line decolouring Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Li Wang, Auteur ; Zhang Xinshen, Auteur ; Qian Shu, Auteur ; Zhang Yu, Auteur ; Chen Shujuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 152-156 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir -- Teneur en chrome hexavalent
Cuir teint
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
SpectrophotométrieIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The on-line decolouring reverse reference flow injection analysis (r-FIA) was proposed to determine chromium(VI) extracted from dyed leather by phosphate buffer. A decolouring column and time switch controller was introduced in r-FIA. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of this method was 2-50µg/l ; the detection limit was 0.94µg/l ; the relative standard deviation (n=11) for 20µg/l chromium(VI) was 0.88 %. Using a dyed leather sample, the corresponding linear range of this method was 0.5-12.5mg/kg. The method not only effectively removes the colour interference but also is also rapid, reliable, saves time and effort and is convenient. This method was suitable for automatic and continuous analysis with satisfactory result. The method represents 'green' analytical chemistry for Cr(VI) in dyed leather samples. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Reagents - Preparation of solutions - Instrumentation - Analytical procedure - The work conditions of on-line decolouring reverse reference flow injection analysis (r-FIA) - Decolouration by DJ, PA and Florisil column - Extraction of Cr(VI) from leather samples and sample preparation En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19jTpke5i8cKyMcKf9e9mxHrm6lzrkZSf/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15700
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14082 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Release of chrome in chrome tanning and post tanning process / Zhou Jian in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 96, N° 4 (07-08/2012)
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Titre : Release of chrome in chrome tanning and post tanning process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhou Jian, Auteur ; Hu Shuxiang, Auteur ; Ya-Nan Wang, Auteur ; Qiang He, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Wenhua Zhang, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 157-162 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Eaux usées -- Analyse
Eaux usées -- Teneur en chrome hexavalent
Retannage
Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnement
Tannage au chromeIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The distribution of chrome in the wastewaters for chrome tanning and post tanning processes was investigated. The results indicate that the residual chrome in chrome tanning and rechroming wastewaters is the main origin of chrome in effluent. Meanwhile, a considerable amount of chrome is released from leather in almost all the post tanning processes, including washing, neutralizing, retanning with various retanning agents, dyeing, fatliquoring and acid fixation. As a result, more than 60% of the chrome added is discharged into wastewater. It is interesting that the shrinkage temperature of leather does not decrease along with the release of chrome. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS : Chrome tanning and post tanning processes - Chrome distribution in wastewaters - Chrome content in leather - Shrinkage temperature
- RELEASE OF CHROME IN CHROME TANNING TO NEUTRALIZATION PROCESSES : Chrome concentration in wastewater - Cr2O3 content in leather - Shrinkage temperature - Shrinkage temperature
- RELEASE OF CHROME IN DYEING AND FATLIQUORING PROCESSES : Chrome concentration in wastewater - Shrinkage temperatureEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UPYtup3XMoWkEFOkSBJXtIfqVh-_Ck3N/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15701
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14082 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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