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An overview of testing of leather for flame/glow retardance / Kadir Dönmez in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXVI, N° 3 (03/1991)
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Titre : An overview of testing of leather for flame/glow retardance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kadir Dönmez, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1991 Article en page(s) : p. 93-109 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Various testing methods have been explored for the evaluation of the flame resistance of leather, but much further investigation is steel needed. Preliminary historical and descriptive background for the two primary flame-resistance test methods on leathers treated with various flame-retardant chemicals. First the test methods must be addressed in terms of their advantages and limitations.
Flame/glow retardance depends upon the disruption of the burning process. Four general mechanisms (thermal, coating, gas, chemical) have been proposed to explain the means by which chemicals retard flaming. The flammability of leather must be tested in order to demonstrate compliance with governing regulation in automobile, aircraft and upholstery applications as well as to show the consumer that leather is safe. The two major test methods chosen for this application are the vertical-flame test and the oxygen-index test. The oxygen-index-test method has been developed to minimize operator variation, and to make possible more reliable comparisons of test data from other sources and even comparisons against other materials.
En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QCxn-vzXc5PgCU8OZ1BnyZyvX0wRZHvE/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8550
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXVI, N° 3 (03/1991) . - p. 93-109[article]Réservation
Réserver ce documentChromium leachability from blue shavings by the TCLP procedure / Edward E. Menden in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXIX, N° 1 (01/1994)
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Titre : Chromium leachability from blue shavings by the TCLP procedure Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward E. Menden, Auteur ; Frank H. Rutland, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1994 Article en page(s) : p. 2-13 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leachability of chromium from leather wastes is a factor of considerable environmental concern. Many factors in the tanning process such as vegetable retanning or chrome leachability in the buffer prescribed by EPA in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and presumably, therefore, in land disposal scenarios where natural forces are at work. A number of simple additions or treatments have been conducted on blue shaving in order to observe the impact upon chromium leachability in the specific conditions required by the TCLP. These observations are offered in the hope that process design and waste treatment might beneficially draw upon this knowledge for greater environmentally responsible operation. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JbBGYuMiIadFqKA2WWWQStT66Hq9cxoQ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8138
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXIX, N° 1 (01/1994) . - p. 2-13[article]Réservation
Réserver ce documentCombination tannages with vegetable tannins and aluminium / Juan F. Hernandez in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)
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Titre : Combination tannages with vegetable tannins and aluminium Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Juan F. Hernandez, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 182-206 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Tannage with a polyphenolic substance followed by the application of dissolved metal salt, specifically vegetable tannins followed by aluminium salts, produces unexpectedly high thermal stability and acid resistance in the final leather. Several explanations have been proposed for these observations, but none realistically account for the synergestic effect, or the specific need to apply the tannage carefully using polyphenolic first followed by the application of metal salt. By demonstrating through laboratory experiments the need to modify the more traditional ideas about straight mineral tannage with respect to the effect of the metal salt reaction, a new, more logical concept of polymer formation is developed and supported through laboratory experimental evidence. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9373
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 182-206[article]Réservation
Réserver ce documentConservation of chromium in the tanning industry / Jean J. Tancous in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXVI (Année 1981)
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Titre : Conservation of chromium in the tanning industry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jean J. Tancous, Auteur ; R. Bellingham, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur ; A. McDonell, Auteur Année de publication : 1981 Article en page(s) : p. 164-175 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chromium can be recovered from wet-blue offal trimmings and shavings with substantial saving in chemicals by incineration at 600°C for 5 hr. Pretreating the offal with 0.5 M Na2CO3 and air-drying prior to incineration produced CrO4(2-). The ash obtained by simply incinerating the offal, without pretreatment, contained water-insoluble Cr2O3, which was purified by leaching with water. Chromium and crude protein were extracted efficiently from offal using 5 percent NaIO3, 5 percent H2SO4, and 3 percent NaCl at 40°C. This procedure was effective but expensive. Leather satisfactory as to odor, appearance, and shrinkage temperature was made with chromium recovered from wet-blue offal by incineration and by extraction. Chromium conservation is possible by recycling chromium liquors and by precipitating the chromium from spent tanning liquors before they are combined with other tannery wastes. If the wastes are combined first, other contaminants are introduced that make chromium recovery and reuse difficult. Leaching sludges with H2SO4 produced marginal chemical cost gains. Leather tanned with these solutions had satisfactory shrinkage temperature, but the sludge odors and iron contamination were objectionable. Note de contenu : - Material balance data for offal
- Recovery of chromium from offal by extraction
- Recovery of chromium from offal by incineration
- Recovery of chromium from wastewater sludges by extractionEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pEyRiFVYnS10c-FDaW1wehFc1MPdF7rF/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17599
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXVI (Année 1981) . - p. 164-175[article]Determination of CrVI) in tannery waste by the chelation-extraction method / Edward E. Menden in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990)
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Titre : Determination of CrVI) in tannery waste by the chelation-extraction method Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward E. Menden, Auteur ; Frank H. Rutland, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1990 Article en page(s) : p. 363-375 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Significant levels of hexavalent chromium have been reported in two tannery-related wastes by commercial analytical laboratories using the chelation/extraction method (EPA method 7197). Further investigation at the LIA Laboratory of such waste materials for identical sources revealed that unique trivalent chromium organocompounds were present in both. These can be erroneously identified as hexavalent chromium by virtue of the specific analytical conditions employed by the chelation/extraction procedure. Indeed, no chromium (VI) was found in either waste sample. The error in the chelation/extraction determination of chromum (VI) resulted from chromium (III) organocompounds which were directly soluble in the extraction solvent, methylisobutyl ketone. These extractable chromium (III) compounds were not specifically identified, but were found to behave identically with chromium (III) soaps and similar organochromium compounds.
The distinction between chromium (VI) and extractable chromium (III) compounds was demonstrated by two changes to the chelation/extraction method. These changes help differentiate chromium states and effectively illustrate that failure to do so can lead to erroneous results with this particular analytical method. The first change was to eliminate the chelating agent that complexes hexavalent chromium and, therefore, facilitates the transfer into extracting solvent. Omitting the chelation step required for the extraction of chromium (VI) has not prevented chromum from being extracted, priving that a solvent-soluble form of chromium was present in the analyte materials. In the second change, the EPA chromium (VI) determination method was used in parallel on replicate sample groups, one of which had been treated with a powerful chromium (VI)-reducing agent. Spiked samples of several kinds also were analyzed to demonstrate that hexvalent chromium was eliminated by this reductant. Yet, significant chromium from only the waste materials still was extractable, again indicating that it was not hexavalent chromium but a solvent soluble chromium (III) compounds, including a chrome soap and a complex, and lagoon sludge water-immisciblephase with a high content of chromium (III) were introduced into water and extracted according to method 7197 and the two differentiation procedures. All three kinds of samples yielded high to complete extraction recoveries of chromium, regardless of the technique. In conclusion, the results of the aforementioned experiments indicate that the EPA chelation/extraction method for determining hexavalent chromum can definitely give false positive or erroneously high values when used on some tannery wastes.En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4nZWr48MagDhCGX1e2H46XSZZIgl5Rw/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8726
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990) . - p. 363-375[article]Réservation
Réserver ce documentFlame resistance of leather / Kadir Dönmez in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), LXXXVII, N° 1 (01/1992)
PermalinkHalophilic bacteria in brine curing / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)
PermalinkHalophilic bacteria isolated from brine cured cattle hides / Meral Birbir in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 80, N° 3 (05-06/1996)
PermalinkHalophilic bacteria thrive in seasonal cycles / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXI (Année 1986)
PermalinkHeat, humidity and cure quality / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXII (Année 1987)
PermalinkProblems associated with hexavalent chromium determination / Frank H. Rutland in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990)
PermalinkRapid determination of moisture in cured hides by microwave oven / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIV (Année 1979)
PermalinkSalt content of cured hide by microwave oven / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXVI (Année 1981)
PermalinkA study of various types of soaks on the rehydratation of brine cured hides used for vegetable tanned leather / Jean J. Tancous in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXIX, N° 8 (08/1994)
PermalinkA study of yeasts in chrome tanning and processing / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIII (Année 1978)
PermalinkThe production of white leather and boil-stable brown leather using titanium / James J. VanBenschoten in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXX (Année 1985)
PermalinkTotal crude fat determination in hides / Kadir Dönmez in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXIX, N° 12 (12/1994)
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