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Auteur Frank H. Rutland |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier Affiner la rechercheChromium leachability from blue shavings by the TCLP procedure / Edward E. Menden in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXIX, N° 1 (01/1994)
Titre : Chromium leachability from blue shavings by the TCLP procedure Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward E. Menden, Auteur ; Frank H. Rutland, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1994 Article en page(s) : p. 2-13 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leachability of chromium from leather wastes is a factor of considerable environmental concern. Many factors in the tanning process such as vegetable retanning or chrome leachability in the buffer prescribed by EPA in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and presumably, therefore, in land disposal scenarios where natural forces are at work. A number of simple additions or treatments have been conducted on blue shaving in order to observe the impact upon chromium leachability in the specific conditions required by the TCLP. These observations are offered in the hope that process design and waste treatment might beneficially draw upon this knowledge for greater environmentally responsible operation. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JbBGYuMiIadFqKA2WWWQStT66Hq9cxoQ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8138
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXIX, N° 1 (01/1994) . - p. 2-13[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006914 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
Titre : Comparison of chromium leachability from tannery waste usin EP toxicity and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure methods Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward E. Menden, Auteur ; Frank H. Rutland, Auteur Année de publication : 1988 Article en page(s) : p. 220-231 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A total of 82 samples typical of leather industry solid waste materials was evaluated for chromium leachability by EPA Extraction Procedure Toxicity (EPT) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP) methods. These samples consisted promarily of wet blue leather trimmings and shavings, dry leather trim scrap, buffing dust and sludge. For acidic materials(pH<5) such as wet blue and dry leather wastes, TCLP extraction was 4-5 times more aggressive than EPT due to the complexing effect of acetate ion. The majority of such materials would exceed a regulatory threshold of 5.0mg/l if based on total Cr rather than CrVI. For alkaline sludge wastes, the difference in EPT and TCLP extraction was quite small, if indeed significant, and a majority of samples was below 5.0mg/l. Chromium leachability from dry leather waste was substantially lower than wet blue, despite higher solids content. Thus, leather drying appears to have a major beneficial effect. Efforts to analyze the effects of moisture level, chromium content and pH were inconclusive, and more work is planned to further clarify their role in chromium leachability. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EzhnP-J6CjvUYgCaLddMIa37E-recmfe/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8873
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXIII (Année 1988) . - p. 220-231[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008088 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
Titre : Determination of CrVI) in tannery waste by the chelation-extraction method Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edward E. Menden, Auteur ; Frank H. Rutland, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1990 Article en page(s) : p. 363-375 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Significant levels of hexavalent chromium have been reported in two tannery-related wastes by commercial analytical laboratories using the chelation/extraction method (EPA method 7197). Further investigation at the LIA Laboratory of such waste materials for identical sources revealed that unique trivalent chromium organocompounds were present in both. These can be erroneously identified as hexavalent chromium by virtue of the specific analytical conditions employed by the chelation/extraction procedure. Indeed, no chromium (VI) was found in either waste sample. The error in the chelation/extraction determination of chromum (VI) resulted from chromium (III) organocompounds which were directly soluble in the extraction solvent, methylisobutyl ketone. These extractable chromium (III) compounds were not specifically identified, but were found to behave identically with chromium (III) soaps and similar organochromium compounds.
The distinction between chromium (VI) and extractable chromium (III) compounds was demonstrated by two changes to the chelation/extraction method. These changes help differentiate chromium states and effectively illustrate that failure to do so can lead to erroneous results with this particular analytical method. The first change was to eliminate the chelating agent that complexes hexavalent chromium and, therefore, facilitates the transfer into extracting solvent. Omitting the chelation step required for the extraction of chromium (VI) has not prevented chromum from being extracted, priving that a solvent-soluble form of chromium was present in the analyte materials. In the second change, the EPA chromium (VI) determination method was used in parallel on replicate sample groups, one of which had been treated with a powerful chromium (VI)-reducing agent. Spiked samples of several kinds also were analyzed to demonstrate that hexvalent chromium was eliminated by this reductant. Yet, significant chromium from only the waste materials still was extractable, again indicating that it was not hexavalent chromium but a solvent soluble chromium (III) compounds, including a chrome soap and a complex, and lagoon sludge water-immisciblephase with a high content of chromium (III) were introduced into water and extracted according to method 7197 and the two differentiation procedures. All three kinds of samples yielded high to complete extraction recoveries of chromium, regardless of the technique. In conclusion, the results of the aforementioned experiments indicate that the EPA chelation/extraction method for determining hexavalent chromum can definitely give false positive or erroneously high values when used on some tannery wastes.En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4nZWr48MagDhCGX1e2H46XSZZIgl5Rw/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8726
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990) . - p. 363-375[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008090 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
Titre : Environmental compatibility of chromium-containing tannery and other leather product wastes at land disposal sites Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Frank H. Rutland, Auteur Année de publication : 1991 Article en page(s) : p. 364-375 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Chromium compounds exists in several different oxidation of valence states, the most important being trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. These two valence states differ significantly in environmental compatibility, so it important to consider this difference in regulatory and remedial action determinations. Under normal environmental conditions, Cr (VI) compounds are more soluble, more mobile and more toxic, and are the basis for nearly all chromium regulatory standards.
Since chromium is the predominant leather tanning agent in use today, most tannery and other leather product wastes contain significant amounts of chromium, which is present exclusively as Cr(III). Federal rules under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Superfund Act (CERCLA) pertaining to these wastes are in direct conflict, since RCRA recognizes the chromium valence distinction but CERCLA does not. As a consequence, wastes which are classified non-hazardous under RCRA and legally disposed may become a Superfund concern and require costly remediation. Examination of available data indicate such concern is unfounded, as land disposal of Cr(III) waste presents little or no environmental risk. Data from existing land disposal sites show no evidence of Cr(III) migration, Cr(III) oxidation or contamination of groundwater in excess of the Drinking Water Standard. Based on these findings, remediation of Cr(III) wastes at land disposal sites appears entirely unwarranted.
En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16-4wWhpyFTeztLaRoW1dpKia1-G91dCz/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8424
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXVI, N° 10 (10/1991) . - p. 364-375[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006885 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
Titre : Future environmental regulation - what can be expected ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Frank H. Rutland, Auteur Année de publication : 1987 Article en page(s) : p. 253-258 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In contrast to the direction of the domestic tanning industry over the past decade, environmental regulation in the mid-1980's is a growth industry. Until recently, industry environmental concerns have been limited to a few major issues. During the decade of the 1970's, for example, the primary issue was development of industry effluent guidelines. After almost fifteen years of difficult negotiation and litigation, these have finally been proposed in what is likely to become their final form. During the early 1980's, attention turned to the disposal of hazardous solid waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Through a major effort in this area, the industry was successful in obtaining an interim exclusion for trivalent chromium-containing waste. This exclusion, unfortunately, has never been finalized, and may never be. Today, we have a proliferation of regulatory developments of potential concern to the leather tanning industry. These cover all areas of environmental management, and reflect as well growing concerning with occupational health and safety. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize those regulatory developments most likely to have major impact on the leather tanning industry through the balance of this decade. As with any forecast, it must be remembered that what we have to offer, although possibly well-informed, is by no means infallible. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Siw_4t4TM5BwUuf__nhRCoNsePmiWYGz/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9041
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXII (Année 1987) . - p. 253-258[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008087 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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