| Titre : |
Chromium and leather : a review on the chemistry of relevance for allergic contact dermatitis to chromium |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Année de publication : |
2020 |
| Note générale : |
Bibliogr. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
Air -- Humidité
Allergies
Antioxydants
Chrome hexavalent
Chrome trivalent
Dermatite de contact
Eczéma professionnel
Normalisation
Spéciation (chimie)
Toxicologie
|
| Index. décimale : |
675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage |
| Résumé : |
As other causes decline in importance, chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy, which affects around 1% of the general population. The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis, which can be elicited in chromium-allergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather. Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions. It is formed on the surface of some, antioxidant-free, leathers at dry conditions (< 35% relative humidity) and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions, such as UV irradiation, contact with alkaline solutions, and leather age. Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time (days – months). A low initial test result (< 3 mg/kg) for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test (ISO 17075) does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather. Information, labels, and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals. Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens, as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products, are crucial. |
| Note de contenu : |
- INTRODUCTION : Chromium speciation – toxicological considerations - Chromium tanning - Chromium allergy and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) - Relevant chemical speciation of chromium for ACD - Prevalence of chromium allergy - Severity and persistence of chromium allergy and ACD
- TRIVALENT VERSUS HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FROM AN ALLERGIC PERSPECTIVE : Release of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from leather - Allergic reactions to trivalent and hexavalent chromium, and chromium-tanned leather
- THE FORMATION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM DURING USE OF CHROMIUM-TANNED LEATHER : Age of chromium-tanned leather article in use - Environmental factors during use of leather articles
- OBSTACLES RELATED TO THE STANDARD TEST FOR HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN LEATHER (ISO 17075)
- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CHROMIUM-ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS AS CONSUMERS OF LEATHER PRODUCTS
- ALTERNATIVES TO CHROMIUM-TANNING FROM AN ALLERGY PERSPECTIVE
- Table 1 : Summary of selected data on the prevalence of chromium allergy in the general population and different clinical/occupational groups in different continents and countries. The data are merged for Europe, Asia, and North America. A detailed overview is given in the supplementary file, Table S
- Table 2 : Most important tanning, leather, and exposure factors/conditions for the release of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from chromium-tanned leather |
| DOI : |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-020-00027-y |
| En ligne : |
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42825-020-00027-y.pdf |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Pdf |
| Permalink : |
https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37453 |
in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING > Vol. 2 (Année 2020)
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