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Auteur Cheng-Kung Liu
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United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Eastern Regional Research Center - Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA - USA
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Effects of drying methods on chrome-tanned leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004)
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Titre : Effects of drying methods on chrome-tanned leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Joseph Lee, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 205-210 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The drying operation is a critical leather-making step to attain the required physical properties for leather products. There are various drying methods currently being used today in leather manufacturing. To make qualityleather, it is imperative to understand the effects of different drying methods on the physical characteristics of leather. Results from our comparison study showed that the method applied in a drying operation significantly affects the physical properties of leather, particularly area retention and compliance. Observations indicated that toggle drying produces higher area yield, but may result in stiffer leather. One of the important findings from this study is that there is a direct link between grain break and stiffness of leather. Data indicated that stiffer leather often results in poor break. Our research again showed that residual water content is a key factor for softness. Vacuum drying without toggling yields better toughness and softness, but does not significantly improve area yield. We also presented a dimensionless quantity "toughness index" that showed a strong correlation with the resultant area retention and stiffness of leather. Toughness index is independent of the geometry of the leather samples. Therefore, even without knowing the thickness or shape of the samples, one can still make an effective comparison of properties. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EEJP60KggcBGB4Srvs8_i1uxHMx7C8pZ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4194
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004) . - p. 205-210[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001602 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Effects of drying processes and fatliquoring on resiliency of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 2 (02/2007)
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Titre : Effects of drying processes and fatliquoring on resiliency of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Peter H. Cooke Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 68-74 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Resiliency is the important quality characterizing the dimensional stability of leather. It expresses the ability of materials such as leather to recover from deformation after being subjected to a strain or stress. Resiliency is particularly important to automotive upholstery makers because poor recovery from deformation will create bagginess in car seats made with upholstery leather. We have designed a tensile method to characterize the resiliency of leather. Measurements showed that the resiliency of chrome-tanned leather is superior to chrome-free leather. Our studies also indicated that the physical properties of leather, particularly resiliency, were affected significantly by the drying and fatliquoring processes. Observations revealed that toggle drying may impair the resiliency of leather, while vacuum drying produced the best resilient leather in this study. In addition, data indicated that there is a close relationship between resiliency and fracture energy of leather. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z1I1yZqqYX82bLSJ_EIA0BfBrDdGTtHY/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3370
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CII, N° 2 (02/2007) . - p. 68-74[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006226 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Effects of fatliquor on vacuum drying of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 7 (07/2002)
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Titre : Effects of fatliquor on vacuum drying of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Gary L. Di Maio, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 285-295 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The effect of fatliquor was not included in our previous vacuum drying studies for chrome-tanned leather. Therefore, a follow-up vacuum drying study was performed to evaluate the effect of fatliquor. By using the SAS statistical program, we have formulated the relationship between fatliquor concentration and drying rate. This study also focused on how fatliquor affects the strength, elongation, stiffness and toughness of the vacuum dried leather. A second order polynomial regression equation was derived to plot 3-D response surfaces that clearly illustrate the relationship between the fatliquor concentration and drying rate, as well as the resultant physical properties. Measurements showed the drying rate decreases as the fatliquor concentration increases by a factor of (1-f)1/2, where f is the fatliquor concentration fraction. Observation showed that the tensile strength, elongation, and toughness all increase steadily with an increased fatliquor concentration, whereas the Young's modulus decreased. A correlation was observed between elongation and Young's modulus. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18IctzfqoFihfXZic7gwXW3Wx4OmAbMj0/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4288
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001576 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Effects of level and length of supplementation on leather characteristics of yearling boer and spanish wethers / R. C. Merkel in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVIII, N° 4 (04/2013)
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Titre : Effects of level and length of supplementation on leather characteristics of yearling boer and spanish wethers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. C. Merkel, Auteur ; Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; A. El Amma, Auteur ; A. L. Goetsch, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 139-145 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Allongement (mécanique)
Allongement à la rupture
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux de chèvres
Cuirs et peaux de moutons
Epaisseur -- Mesure
Essais dynamiques
Glutaraldéhyde
Tannage au chrome
Traction (mécanique)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Thirty Boer × Spanish and 29 Spanish wethers were used in a trial to determine the effects of goat breed, supplementation level, and age on the mechanical properties of chrome-tanned and glutaraldehyde-tanned goat skin. Six Boer and five Spanish wethers were harvested at the beginning of the trial with the remaining animals assigned to four groups, having equal breed numbers, receiving either a high or low supplement amount daily. Two groups were harvested after 110 days and the remaining groups after an additional 108 days. Skins were removed by hand, split down the dorsal midline, and salted. The left half of each skin was chrome-tanned and the right half was tanned using a glutaraldehyde based tannage. Tanning goat skins using chromium resulted in stronger leather than that produced using glutaraldehyde. Increasing age led to decreased % elongation and increased leather stiffness. The effects of supplementation level were of lesser importance than tannage or age upon the strength characteristics of leather produced. Boer goat leather was thicker than Spanish goat leather, although tensile strength was unaffected by breed. Goat skins were not shaved to an equal thickness during the tanning process, perhaps leading to some of the breed differences seen, notably in % elongation and fracture energy. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate characteristics of shaved skins. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Animals and treatments - Harvest and tannage measures - Leather testing - Statistical analyses
- RESULTS : Feedstuffs - Live and fresh skin weight - Leather thickness - % elongation - Fracture energy - Tensile strength - Young's modulusEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iIJDgwQvY0tbO_HB0Lisk7bM6NYH_IM7/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18089
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14980 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Effects of stretching and drying rate on the mechanical properties of chrome-free Leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 9 (09/2006)
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Titre : Effects of stretching and drying rate on the mechanical properties of chrome-free Leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Peter H. Cooke, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 330-336 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Stretching chrome-free leather tanned with glutaraldehyde during vacuum drying may possibly be the best drying method for this particular type of leather, because it results in an improved area yield and better mechanical properties due to a lower drying temperature. We explored this composite drying method and investigated how drying variables affect the drying rate and mechanical properties of chrome-free leather that was tanned with glutaraldehyde. Using a statistical experimental design, a second order polynomial equation was derived to quantitatively describe the relationship between the drying rate and three major independent variables: drying temperature, stretch %, and drying time. Drying rate models derived from this investigation provide a clear understanding of the drying process for chrome-free leather. The drying constant indicates that chrome free leather dries faster than chrome-tanned leather. These models will help the leather industry estimate the proper drying parameters. Our studies showed that stretch % during vacuum drying is the most significant variable affecting the stiffness and area retention of leather. This research indicated that stretching should not be overdone and the preferable length increase should not be greater than 10%; otherwise poor leather properties may result, such as an elongation less than 40% and toughness index less than 1 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rUVS5gwwTB3xnBOW2ngqSbZsPNOS4qPC/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3992
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 005598 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Effects of thickness and gain on the amplitude of airborne ultrasonics / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 3 (03/2014)
PermalinkEffects of vacuum drying variables on the mechanical properties of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 7 (07/2001)
PermalinkEfficacy of aqueous solution of N-halamine to reduce microbiological contamination on cattle hides for meat safety with byproduct quality assurance / Majher I. Sarker in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 9 (09/2020)
PermalinkEnvironmental effects on chrome-free leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 10 (10/2006)
PermalinkEnzymatic modification of hydrolysis products from collagen using a microbial transglutaminase. II. Preparation of films / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 6 (06/2002)
PermalinkEnzymatic modification of hydrolysis products from collagen using a microbial transglutaminase. III. Preparation of films with improved mechanical properties / Maryann M. Taylor in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 11 (11/2003)
PermalinkEvaluation of hides, wet blue and leather using airborne ultrasonics / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVIII, N° 4 (04/2013)
PermalinkFabrication of composite films based on chitosan and vegetable-tanned collagen fibers crosslinked with genipin / Jie Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 10 (10/2021)
PermalinkGlutaraldehyde-tanned leather treated with tocopherol / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 3 (03/2005)
PermalinkLeather coated with mixtures of humectant and antioxidants to improve ultraviolet and heat resistance / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 5 (05/2009)
PermalinkLimiting microbial activity as an alternative approach of bovine hide preservation, Part I : Efficacy of developed formulations / Majher I. Sarker in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 7 (07/2019)
PermalinkLimiting microbial activity as an alternative approach of bovine hide preservation part II : impact of developed formulations on leather quality and the environment / Majher I. Sarker in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 2 (02/2020)
PermalinkLubrication of leather with mixtures of polyethylene glycol and oil / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 4 (04/2006)
PermalinkLubrication of leather with polyethylene glycol / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 9 (09/2002)
PermalinkMeasurements of the initial strain energy of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCII, N° 7 (09/1997)
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