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Process vessels : effects within chemical processing / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 6 (10/2005)
[article]
Titre : Process vessels : effects within chemical processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur ; Walter Landmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 36-37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Peaux brutes
Traitement chimiqueIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The relationship between the processing vessel, raw mate rials and chemical procedure is intimate. Ultimately rhe needs of hides and skins within wet processing are developed—and limited—by the characterisrics of rhe vessel.
The most common pieces of equipment are drums, but significant differences in behaviour are found within the wide range of processing vessels that are available. Notwithstanding, must variations can be understood by considering effects common to drum and paddles. These include combinations that relate to the float level and mechanical action, the movement of hides and skins, and the distribution of chemicals.Note de contenu : - Float levels and mechanical action : The need for good penetration
- Shape and movement : The teasing action of pegs - Minimising tangling and formation of knots - The uniform application of force
- The distribution of chemicals
- The value of cross-circulation
- Balancing quality and efficiency
- Addressing the limitations of raw materials
- Additional information
- Panel 1 : The benefits of processing pieces of uniform shape
- Panel 2 : Mechanical action to suit the changing needs of hides and skins
En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LwTW95n7AiLH-EVGYviX7JXFQFLHwWzR/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32480
in WORLD LEATHER > Vol. 18, N° 6 (10/2005) . - p. 36-37[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006186 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible
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Titre : Raw material and preservation : Part 1 of 9 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 52-53 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation
Matières premières
Peau -- AnatomieIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : There are many people within the leather sector who are not directly involved in the leather making process but might benefit from a better undestanding of the subject. There are others who might enjoy a refresher course or see this World Leather initiative as helping them to explain to people outside the industry just what is involved in producing one of the world's oldest products.
Whatever the need, welcome to "Back to Basics", a concise nine-part work which, over the coming months, will take the reader from raw material and its preservation through tanning, retanning, dyeing and softening, to drying and pre-finishing and on to leather finishing.Note de contenu : - THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN : The grain layer - The corium - The flesh - Variations in hide and skin structure
- THE BASIC RAW MATERIAL : Animal husbandry - Transport & pre-slaughter management
- ANIMAL SLAUGHTER
- PRESERVATION OF THE SKIN : Medium term preservation : wet salting & air drying - Short term preservation & hide processing
- Panel 1 : Cross section of skin
- Panel 2 : Raw materials tradingEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A_z_uEFKx3Y_OfNkTELyhWM2YUkDCX1k/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32200
in WORLD LEATHER > Vol. 15, N° 2 (04/2002) . - p. 52-53[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006177 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Salinity and the tanning sector : responsibility and actions / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 3 (05/2005)
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Titre : Salinity and the tanning sector : responsibility and actions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 21-25 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Eaux usées
Pollution
SelsIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The role of common salt in the leather industry is well known and documented. About 20-25% of the fresh hide weight is required where salt is used for preservation, but the amount applied is considerably higher. Between 4 and 6 % on the lime fleshed weight is used in pickle to inhibit acid swelling before the tanning process. Further salt is residual from the manufacture of auxiliaries, or added for purposes of standardisation.
Excepting water, more salt is used in making leather than any other material. Based on a global use of nearly eight million tonnes of bovine hides, sheep, goat and pigskins, as wet salted hides and skins the weight of salt consummed in their preservation and conversion - and discharged from tanneries - is many million tonnes each year.Note de contenu : - The effects of salt within the environment
- The effects on plant growth and soil
- Effects on plant growth
- Effects on soil structure and soil organisms
- The effect of sanlity on specific crops
- Land applications of saline tannery effluents
- Salinity within current tanning practice
- Hidden costs presently carried by the tanner
- Salt free preservation of hides and skins
- A major logistical shift
- Time for change
- Fig. 1 : Sanility tolerance of common field crops as a function of Electrical Conductivity of soil extract ECe dSm-1
- Fig. 2 : Impact of soil salinity on major crops in Nebraska as a function of Electrical Conductivity of soil extract ECe
- Fig. 3 : Dry grain yield in relation to the average seasonal salinity in the standing water
- Fig. 4 : Salinity tolerance of selected vegetables as a function of Electrical Conductivity of soil extract ECeEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/10Vb0bedXmt6SGBLqIuFddxXBpDpVc9Yc/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32293
in WORLD LEATHER > Vol. 18, N° 3 (05/2005) . - p. 21-25[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006183 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Salinity : the elimination of salt from acid pickle / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 3 (05/2005)
[article]
Titre : Salinity : the elimination of salt from acid pickle Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 26-27 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium -- Suppression ou remplacement
Chlorure de sodiumLe chlorure de sodium est un composé chimique de formule NaCl. On l'appelle plus communément sel de table ou de cuisine, ou tout simplement sel dans le langage courant. C'est le principal produit dissous dans l'eau de mer ; on l'appelle alors sel marin.
On l'obtient : dans des marais salants par évaporation de l'eau de mer, dans des mines, par extraction du sel gemme (halite) ou en le synthétisant lors de réactions à hautes températures entre du dichlore (Cl2) et du sodium métallique (Na).
Le chlorure de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie chimique pour produire du chlore, de la soude caustique et de l’hydrogène.
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Déchets industriels -- Elimination
Dioxyde de carbone
PicklageLe picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu.
Tannage végétalIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Issues concerning salinity have been presented. The main source is salt dissolved from salt-preserved hides and skins, which has been discussed in the previous paper "Salinity in the tanning sector: outcome, responsibilities and action".
However, the pickling process generates 20% to 25% of the sodium chloride discharged from typical tannery. Some lowering is possible by recycling, but the level of pollution remains very significant.
A number of salt-free techniques have been developed as an alternative. These have been the subject of earlier publication in World Leather and are listed under Additional Information on page 20. [The numbers that appear in square brackets below refer to this list]. But there are other techniques that should be given an overview and some of these are presented in brief.Note de contenu : - Low float pickle systems within chrome tannage
- Carbon dioxide: an assist for chrome penetration at moderate pH
- Commercial experience of non-salt pickle
- Condictioning within vegetable tanning systems
- Common factors in salt-free systems
- Speculation
- Control of existing systems
- Fig. 1 : Swelling as a function of float: non-salt conditions at different pH valuesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Otaanpt4Cd9titUiIY6TpDtzRNnGXziU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32294
in WORLD LEATHER > Vol. 18, N° 3 (05/2005) . - p. 26-27[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006183 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Some considerations in chrome tanning footwear leathers / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 6, N° 7 (12/1993 - 01/1994)
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Titre : Some considerations in chrome tanning footwear leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur Année de publication : 1993 Article en page(s) : p. 55-57 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chaussures
Tannage au chromeIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Although there have been many different approaches to fully or partially replace chromium salis in tanning, approximately 90% of all leathers made throughout the world are from full chrome production. These leathers find uses in many areas, but the major outlet is still for shoe manufacture with die leathers made from bovine hides.
As the process develops in each tannery, many individual factors have to be taken into account. In today's market, in addition to being competitive in terms of price, die process has to provide a base for consistency in the final leathers and needs to be in tune with customer demands, frequently shaped by environmental pressures.
With full consideration being given to these objectives, the prime factor affecting the approach to the chrome tannage is die tanning unit, with the process vessel at die heart of the operations.Note de contenu : - The tanning vessel
- The effect of stress
- Considerations regarding blue splitting
- The chrome tanning processEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eOmTHMjmiPqGY9umHtD4HoK0SPAWP_b6/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35184
in WORLD LEATHER > Vol. 6, N° 7 (12/1993 - 01/1994) . - p. 55-57[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 008093 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Tannery effluent and reedbeds : working with nature / Richard Daniels in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 8 (08/2007)
PermalinkThe behaviour of pieces in machine operations as a function of temperature and moisture content / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 8 (12/2005 - 01/2006)
PermalinkThe effect of salinity on the the treatment of tannery effluents and sludges / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 7 (11/2005)
PermalinkThe elimination of effluent from liming, acid/salt pickling and the chromium tanning processes / Richard Daniels in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 101, N° 3 (05-06/2017)
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