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Auteur Balachandran Unni Nair
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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute, Chemical Laboratory - Adyar - Chennai - India
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A new leather-making process for meeting eco-label standards : Processing of goatkins / Subramani Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 5 (05/2006)
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Titre : A new leather-making process for meeting eco-label standards : Processing of goatkins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; B. Chandrasekaran, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 192-205 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Eco-labels are used to guarantee the consumer a product meets certain minimum standards relating to its environmental impact during production, use or disposal, and to distinguish the product from competitors in a positive way. The leather industry, especially in developing countries, has provided economic benefits but suffers from a negative image due to the environmental impact pf tannery wastewaters, solid wastes and gas emissions. The conventional method of tanning involves a 'do-undo' process and subjects the skin or hide to wide variations in pH (2.8 - 13.0). This results in the emission of significant pollution loads, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), sulfates, chlorides and chromium. In the approach demonstrated here, hair and flesh removal, as well as fiber opening, have been achieved using biocatalysts at pH 8.0; tanning using optimized pickle and basification-free chrome tanning followed by post-tanning using environmental benign chemicals. It has been found that the extent of hair removal and opening up of fiber bundles are comparable to that of control leathers. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with control chrome-tanned leathers through physical and hand evaluation. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained from this optimized pickle and basification-free chrome tanning system is above 120°C. The process also exhibits significant reduction in BOD, COD, TDS and TS loads by 90, 92, 89 and 90%, respectively. Processed leathers satisfy the key parameters of both the Indian eco-mark standard and the German eco-label standards (Oko-Tex, SG (Schadstoff Gepruffl), LGR (Lederinstitut Gerberschule Reutlingen)). Finally, the developed process seems to be economically viable. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1l8FviqEK27Dlu4ePtejFM4mzqk0JIDKl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4013
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 004807 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible A novel approach towards preservation of skins / K. C. Kannan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 11 (11/2010)
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Titre : A novel approach towards preservation of skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. C. Kannan, Auteur ; Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p. 360-368 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium Le chlorure de sodium est un composé chimique de formule NaCl. On l'appelle plus communément sel de table ou de cuisine, ou tout simplement sel dans le langage courant. C'est le principal produit dissous dans l'eau de mer ; on l'appelle alors sel marin.
On l'obtient : dans des marais salants par évaporation de l'eau de mer, dans des mines, par extraction du sel gemme (halite) ou en le synthétisant lors de réactions à hautes températures entre du dichlore (Cl2) et du sodium métallique (Na).
Le chlorure de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie chimique pour produire du chlore, de la soude caustique et de l’hydrogène.
Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation
Hydroxyproline
Microscopie électronique à balayage
Peaux brutes -- Trempe
Polyéthylène glycolIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Wet salting, the conventional method of curing is followed by most of the tanners because of its practical advantages ; employs approximately 40-50 % sodium chloride on raw material and is subsequently removed during the soaking operation. It contributes to the total solids content of the effluent, accounting for nearly 40 % of the total solids load. Hence an attempt has been made to completely replace the salt with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to address the pollution problems without compromising much of the practical advantages of salt. The molecular weight and percentage offer of PEG has been standardized base on the dehydration and rehydration profile of the preserved skin matrix. The PEG based preservation has been found to be more effective than the conventional method by the determination of hydroxyproline (HP) release in soak liquors during various time periods of storage. The fiber orientation of the crust leather has been demonstrated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. The pollutant loads of the developed preservation method using PEG was found to be 71, 34, 99, 93 % less in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride (Cl-), total dissolved solids (TDS), respectively, when compared to the conventional method of preservation. Further, the physical and organoleptic properties of the crust leathers were found to be on par with control crust leathers. Hence, the developed preservation method seems to be a techno-economically viable alternative for salt-based preservation. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aJYztfh89zCnJecP2tVZSVSjX1wEZwF_/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10237
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 012584 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible A novel formaldehyde-free synthetic chrome tanning agent for pickle-less chrome tanning : comparative study on syntan versus modified basic chromium sulfate / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 4 (04/2002)
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Titre : A novel formaldehyde-free synthetic chrome tanning agent for pickle-less chrome tanning : comparative study on syntan versus modified basic chromium sulfate Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao ; J. Kanthimathi, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 127-136 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : An eco-friendly synthetic chrome tanning salt has been prepared through various routes for application at delimed stage viz., conventional preparation using basic chromium sulphate, sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon, poly carboxylic acid and organic ligands (product 1); in-situ preparation in the manufacture of BCS by introducing the above ingredients excluding pre-made BCS (product 2); in-situ preparation in the manufacture of BCS by introducing the above ingredients excluding pre-made BCS and aromatic hydrocarbon (product 3). A comparative study has been made for their technical aptness, economic viability and environmental friendliness. It has been found that all the products can be used after deliming without the fear of surface deposition. Fullness of the leathers tanned with the products containing aromatic hydrocarbon (AHC) is generally higher than the product without AHC. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies and visual analysis support the above view. The analysis of the identified process streams show that the TS, Cl- and chromium loads are curtailed by 80, 99 and 94%, respectively. The strength and bulk properties of the crust leathers are similar or improved when the integrated product/process is employed. The techno-economic viability study reveals that the chemicals, water, time and power requirements for tanning are reduced by nearly 50% for all the products. However, product 3 tanned leathers need adequate filling during post tanning as conventionally processed. Hence, in spite of its low cost criteria, the use of product 3 is disregarded for tanning skins for fullness-based products. Products 1 and 2 enable the reduction of post tanning syntans by 50% thus reducing the cost of leather production considerably. Especially, product 2 offers a profit oriented pickle-less chrome tanning process. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ULStbIBxaNvxOlLeu1kkvBJaZMHS53Sm/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4310
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 001573 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Physico-chemical and structural studies on leathers tanned using high exhaust basic chromium sulphate salt / Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIII, N° 5 (07/1998)
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Titre : Physico-chemical and structural studies on leathers tanned using high exhaust basic chromium sulphate salt Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; T. Ramasami, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; V. Subramanian, Auteur ; B. Chandrasekaran, Auteur Année de publication : 1998 Article en page(s) : p. 139-147 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : One of the approaches towards minimizing the chrome pollution is to increase the uptake of chromium during tanning through the application of high exhaust basic chromium sulphate slats. A high exhaust chrome tanning salt exhibiting chrome uptake levels of above 82% during tanning has been prepared in our laboratory. The present investigation deals with the influence of high exhaust chrome tanning salt on the hysical, chemical and structural properties of the final leather. The study shows that there is an increasef fixation of chromium to the collagen matrix which in turn influences the uptake of retanning agents, dyes and fatliquors during post tanning operation. This investigation also indicates a realistic saving of 20-25% inpost tanning chemicals when the leathers are tanned with high exhaust BCS salt. Note de contenu : - Tanning trials with commercial BCS salt
- Tanning trials with high exhaust BCS salt
- Optimization of post-tanning needs of leathers tanned with high exhaust BCS salt
- Chemical analysis
- Scanning electron microscopy
- Physical testingPermalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4518
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 006965 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Phytoremediation of soil using Sesuvium Portulacastrum - Part I / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 1 (01/2009)
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Titre : Phytoremediation of soil using Sesuvium Portulacastrum - Part I : Removal of Na+ and Cl from tannery wastewater treated soil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Swarna Vinodh Kanth, Auteur ; R. Rengaswamy, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; A. Tamil Selvi, Auteur ; P. Ramesh Kannan, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 17-24 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Salt tolerant halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum (S. portulacastrum) is capable of absorbing sodium chloride. In the present study, the feasibility of using S. portulacastrum as a bioaccumulant for NaCl present in tannery wastewater has been studied. The plants were grown in soil fed with tannery wastewater with varying concentrations of NaCl. The growth parameters of the plants such as root and shoot length was studied. The amount of Na+ and Cl- accumulated by the plant in leaves and shoots were estimated. The accumulation of Na+ and Cl- increased with increase in plant density and salt concentration of tannery wastewater. However, it has been found that increase in salt concentration resulted in reduced growth of the plant. It has been observed that 34% of Na+ and 22% of Cl- were absorbed by the plant at a NaCl concentration of 15000 ppm at high plant density conditions. Maximum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- has been observed in leaves compared to stems and shoots. The results of the present work indicate that S. portulacastrum can be used for bioaccumulation of sodium chloride. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-Sp4AQLByGyxpRwvhUU1mRn5vvEB8QKa/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3251
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 010993 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Recovery and reuse of chromium from semichrome liquors / Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 3 (03/2002)
PermalinkReuse of solid waste from juice industry (citrus sinensis peel) in the extraction of antioxidants with enhanced activity through polymer encapsulates for the preservation of skin / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 7 (07/2014)
PermalinkRole of phenolics in the stabilization of collagen / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 4 (04/2004)
PermalinkA semi-empirical quantum mechanical modeling study on the interaction of collagen-like peptides with polyphenolic molecules : An attempt to gain insights into vegetable tanning / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 7 (07/2003)
PermalinkSingle step hair removal and fiber opening process : Simultaneous and successive addition of protease and a-amyiase / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 11 (11/2006)
PermalinkStepping into third millennium : Third generation leather processing : A three step tanning technique / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 5 (05/2003)
PermalinkStimuli responsive leathers using smart retanning agents / Sangeetha Subramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 6 (06/2012)
PermalinkStudies on phosphonium based combination tanning : less chrome approach / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011)
PermalinkStudies on tanning with zirconium oxychloride : Part I. Standardization of tanning process / A. Sundarrajan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 3 (03/2003)
PermalinkStudies on tanning with zirconium oxychloride : Part II. Development of a versatile tanning system / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 3 (03/2003)
PermalinkStudies on the development of leathers from formaldehyde-free melamine syntan / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 5 (05/2012)
PermalinkStudies on the development of a multi-functional syntan / R. Nataraj in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 7 (07/2009)
PermalinkStudies on the development of pickle-sess vegetable tanning / Subramani Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 7 (07/2004)
PermalinkStudies on the removal of inter-fibrillary materials part I : Removal of protein, proteoglycan, glycosoaminoglycans from conventional beamhouse process / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 5 (05/2010)
PermalinkStudies on the removal of inter-fibrillary materials. Part II : removal of protein, proteoglycan and glycosoaminoglycans from biobased pre-tanning process / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 6 (06/2010)
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