Dépouillements

Correlation of differential thermal analysis data with the shrinkage temperature of collagen and leather / J. Naghski in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 64-74 Titre : Correlation of differential thermal analysis data with the shrinkage temperature of collagen and leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Naghski, Auteur ; A. Wisnewski, Auteur ; Edward H. Harris, Auteur ; Lee P. Witnauer, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 64-74 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse thermique Collagène -- Analyse Statistique Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Shrinkage temperture data obtained on suspended specimens of raw hide substance and a variety of commercial leathers are compared with values obtained by measuring the thermodynamic changes using differential thermal analysis. In every instance the correlation between the data of these two methods was statistically highly significant, and it is concluded that they measure the same basic phenomenon. It is suggested that the absolute values for the phase transition measured by DTA be used at the reference for the thermal behavior of collagen and its products. Use of suspended specimens offers a simplified procedure, which could be defined as a method for the measurement of shrinkage temperatures. The use of pressurized equipment permitted the extension of the temperature range to include products shrinking above the boiling point of water (100°C). Note de contenu : - Instrumentation - Sample preparation - Typical leather-water thermogram - Table 1 : Data from DTA and suspension shrinkage temperature measurements - Table 2 : Summary of statistical analysis En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SauL0CaRzgRUUDvVv4mq8YD0ZOlxD3f2/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37874 [article]

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Studies on the uptake of water by sheepsins / J. R. Yates in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 25-44 Titre : Studies on the uptake of water by sheepsins : II. Effect of external factors on the uptake Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. R. Yates, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 25-44 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux de moutons Gonflement (physique) Humidité -- Absorption:Eau -- Absorption Trypsine La trypsine (EC 3.4.21.4) est une enzyme digestive du suc pancréatique qui a pour rôle de digérer les protéines. Elle est synthétisée par le pancréas sous forme de trypsinogène (proenzyme inactive), puis stockée dans les vésicules enzymatiques des cellules acineuses d'où elle est excrétée au moment de la digestion. L'activation du trypsinogène en trypsine est le résultat de l'hydrolyse d'un propeptide sous l'action de l'entérokinase ou par un effet d'autoactivation de la trypsine par elle-même. La cholecystokinine-pancréozymine active la sécrétion des enzymes (donc de la trypsine) dans le suc pancréatique. La trypsine est une endoprotéase qui hydrolyse les liaisons peptidiques dans lesquelles un acide aminé basique (Lys-|-Xaa ou Arg-|-Xaa) engage sa fonction acide (sauf dans le cas où l'acide aminé suivant (schématisé ici par "Xaa") est une Proline). Elle coupe en C-terminal de ces acides aminés. En d'autres mots, elle transforme les chaînes polypeptides en chaînes protéiques plus courtes pour permettre la digestion. Efficace à pH 7,5 - 8,5, elle est inactivée et digérée en quelques heures à pH neutre (=7) dans l'intestin. La trypsine participe à l'activation d'autres enzymes comme l'alpha-chymotrypsine par coupure hydrolytique de la chaîne polypeptidique du chymotrypsinogène. Cette enzyme sert également lors de la 2e semaine du développement embryonnaire humain. Elle est sécrétée par le trophoblaste afin de digérer la zone pellucide entourant le blastocyste. Ce phénomène s'appelle l'éclosion. Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : An examination is made of the effects of temperature and certain additives on the rate and amount of water uptake by sheepskins. The effect of temperature is only evident in the early stages of uptake and does not affect the final uptake. Increase of temperature however often has side effects on water uptake. None of the additives tested increases the rate or amount of water uptake. Hydrophobic bond breaking agents are ineffective in increasing the amount of water taken up. A mechanism of water uptake is proposed. Effective soaking involves more than mere uptake of water by the skin and necessitates some internai changes in the skin structure. Note de contenu : - METHODS : Sampling techniques and method of following water uptake - Examination of the effect of additives and temperature on water uptake - Examination of the effect of hydrophobic bond breaking agents on water uptake - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of temperature on rate and amount of water uptake - Effect of temperature on swelling - Effect of temperature on percentage weight loss - Effect of detergents on the rate and amount of water uptake and percentage weight loss - Effect of trypsin on rate and amount of water uptake and percentage weight loss - Effect of sodium citrate on the rate and amount of water uptake and percentage weight loss - Effect of the solution on the swelling of the skin - Effect of hydrophobic bond breaking agents - Table 1 : effect of external factors on water uptake of sheepskins - Table 2 : Mean squares for dry thickness, percentage weight loss and swelling - Table 3 : Treatment means for water uptake at different temperatures - Table 4 : Percentage weight loss - Table 5 : Treatment means for water uptake in different solutions - Table 6 : Treatment means for the effect of solution on the swelling - Table 7 : Mean squares and treatment means for the methanol experiment - Treatment means and comparisons - Table 8 : Treatment means and treatment comparisons for the propanol experiment En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dh-XjWTlkiSVsBLsWsUi5ySyQ-sbVXgi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37938 [article]

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Microscopic study of leather defects / A. L. Everett in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 112-127 Titre : Microscopic study of leather defects : I. Veininess in glazed calfskin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. L. Everett, Auteur ; H. J. Willard, Auteur ; J. Naghski, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 112-127 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Défaut de veine (cuir) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Prominent blood vessel pattern on the grain surface of leather is an esthetic defect which has long been troublesome and costly to the industry. In spite of numerous attempts to solve the problem, as summarized from the literature, the basic cause of the defect remains unknown. Inadequate curing and drastic processing were most frequently suspected, but so far there has been no conclusive proof. Therefore a continuing search for preventive measures would seem less practical than systematic testing of corrective treatments. Microscopic examination of cross-sections, improved by a suitable aqueous embedding technique, is shown to be helpful in guiding such a program. Studies of blood vessel distribution have established that they are typically arranged in three layers. The deepest and largest vessels, especially the arteries, are the principal offenders in this problem, but it is shown that their depth can be so variable that shaving is not a dependable solution. More significantly, there is almost always a large void space around the deep vessels in veiny leather but not in non-veiny samples, even from skins processed together in the same tannery pack. Thin skins are an especially difficult problem. The suggested approach for correction would be to fill there voids, either by plumping the fibers with a suitable retannage or by the use of impregnating materials. Cross-sections illustrating an experimental zirconium retannage indicate a definite reduction in void space and in consequent veininess. Likewise a resin treatment, being studied elsewhere, seems quite promising af ter preliminary trials. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : Sectioning - Gelatin embedding - Microscopy - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Veiny vs. non-veiny skins - Veiny thin skins -Veniness without void space - Veniness reduced by retannage En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kS5RRAvgc4pKf9T4XiHF_7NrLb0vAQTw/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37939 [article]

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Curing methods for wet salted hides / Desmond R. Cooper in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 162-170 Titre : Curing methods for wet salted hides : II. The re-use of salt for the curing of hides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Desmond R. Cooper, Auteur ; A. C. Galloway, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 162-170 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium -- Analyse Chlorure de sodium -- Réutilisation Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Evaluation Peaux brutes -- Salage Qualité -- Contrôle Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Curing trials with large numbers of hides have shown that the repeated use of salt for preparing wet-salted hides is not to be recommended. As the salt is used over again hide and leather quality and leather strength decrease even when the salt is re-used only four times Note de contenu : - Table 1 : Plan of trial for curing hides with used salt - Table 2 : The shrinkage during curing with used salt - Table 3 : Hide quality assessment after 14 days storage - Table 4 : Hide quality assessment after 103 days storage - Table 5 : Final hide quality assessment just prior to soaking - Table 6 : Hide quality assessment on the lime yard rounding table - Table 7 : Blue sorting of leather produced from the hides curing with used salt - Table 8 : Crusting sorting of leather produced from the hides cured with used salt - Table 9 : Physical properties of leather produced from hides cured with used salt - Table 10 : Salt analysis from each stack - Table 11 : Analysis of hide pieces from each stack En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hre6bq7-rHXtGq0m5H5AJcVu8tYEE0gU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37940 [article]

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Investigations into the controlled drying of sheepskins / J. R. Yates in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 171-188 Titre : Investigations into the controlled drying of sheepskins : I. Establishment of the drying characteristics of the system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. R. Yates, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 171-188 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Séchage Cuirs et peaux de moutons Peaux brutes -- Teneur en eau Température Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The drying of sheepskins is followed in a commercial drying estab-lishment in order to ascertain what is the acceptable level of water content in a "dry" skin. A water content (dry weight basis) in the range 14-24 percent is acceptable. The time required to reach this level is found to vary tremendously with the prevailing climatic conditions. On a laboratory scale, the influence of temperature on drying rate is investigated, and from the drying rate curves at the different tempera-tures, the "apparent activation energy" of drying is calculated over the range of water contents investigated. The value of this activation energy is of the order of 5-8 Kcals/mole, and does not vary with the water content of the skin down to about ten percent but thereafter shows a marked rise. It is also dependent on the skin thickness. Drying results in a decreased amount of water uptake and an increase in the amount of extractable nitrogen on subsequent soaking, and an increase in the shrinkage temperature of the skin. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS - METHODS : Effect of climatic conditions on the drying process - Effect of temperature on draying rate - Effect of degree of drying on extractable nitrogen - Effect of degree of drying on subsequent water uptake - Measurement of shrinkage temperature at different water contents - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of changing climatic conditions on rate of drying - Effect of temperature on rate of drying - Calculation of "apparent activation energy of drying - Effect of degree of drying on subsequent water uptake - Effect of degree of drying on shrinkage temperature - Table 1 : Actual water loss in Mg./Min. for series 2 skin - Table 2 : "Apparent activation energies" of drying at different regain levels - Table 3 : "Apparent activation energies" for low water content - Table 4 : Analysis of variance of skin thickness and water cotent on "apparent activation energy" - Table 5 : Extractable nitrogen in Mg/Gm dry WT. of skin, with the water content (d.w.b.) - Table 6 : Analysis of variance and the industrial regression coefficients for the 15 sets of extractable nitrogen-water content data - Table 7 : Variation of final water content after soaking for 72 hours at 1°C. With the initial water content - Table 8 : Analysis of co-variance for the initial and final water contents of the skin samples, and the Bo coefficients for the six positions En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F6jLD8P9e_xXLbLTNjE2NbLGjGdH-d8J/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37941 [article]

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Investigation into the controlled drying of sheepskins / J. R. Yates in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 235-256 Titre : Investigation into the controlled drying of sheepskins : II. Effect of drying conditions on various properties of the skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. R. Yates, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 235-256 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse de variance En statistique, l'analyse de la variance (terme souvent abrégé par le terme anglais ANOVA : ANalysis Of VAriance) est un ensemble de modèles statistiques utilisés pour vérifier si les moyennes des groupes proviennent d'une même population. Les groupes correspondent aux modalités d'une variable qualitative (p. ex. variable : traitement; modalités : programme d'entrainement sportif, suppléments alimentaires ; placebo) et les moyennes sont calculés à partir d'une variable continue (p. ex. gain musculaire). Ce test s'applique lorsque l'on mesure une ou plusieurs variables explicatives catégorielles (appelées alors facteurs de variabilité, leurs différentes modalités étant parfois appelées "niveaux") qui ont de l'influence sur la loi d'une variable continue à expliquer. On parle d'analyse à un facteur lorsque l'analyse porte sur un modèle décrit par un seul facteur de variabilité, d'analyse à deux facteurs ou d'analyse multifactorielle sinon. (Wikipedia) Centrifugation Cuirs et peaux -- Séchage Cuirs et peaux de moutons Peau -- Histologie Peaux brutes -- Teneur en eau Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The equilibrium water content (e.w.c.) of sheepskins has been estab-lished over a humidity range of 20-90 percent at 20°C., 35°C. and 50°C. Increase of temperature gives a slight decrease in e.w.c. for a given relative humidity. There is a well defined hysteresis effect as indicated by the e.w.c. values obtained in absorption and desorption. There are differences in the e.w.c. values obtained with samples from similar positions on different skins, and even between different sampling positions within a skin, for equilibration under a given set of conditions. Up to 70 percent of the water held in a sheepskin can be removed by centrifugation, indicating that this water is not very tightly bound. Sheepskins were dried in air currents at room temperature at 30°C., 40°C. and 50°C., by freeze drying, vacuum drying at 1°C., and by acetone dehydration. The skins dried by the latter three methods give, after re-soaking, a skin which most closely resembles a green skin, as judged by water uptake and histological appearance. None of the drying methods tested affects the time taken for wool loosening to occur in the "Sweating" process. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS - METHODS : Effect of controlled humidity on the equilibrium water content (E.W.C.) of the skin - Determination of the water expressible from sheepskins by centrifugation - Drying - Histological examination of sheepskins dried in different ways - Effect of method of drying on the rate of "sweating" (wool loosening) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of drying and equilibrating at conditions of controlled relative humidity - Determination of the expressible water from sheepskins - Histological investigation of skins dried in the various ways - Effect of method of drying on water uptake properties - Effect of method of drying on water uptake - Table 1 : Equilibrium water contents (% D.W.B.) of sheepskin - Table 2 : E.W.C. values (% D.W.B.) for P2 and P5 for saturation humidities - Table 3 : E.W.C. values for P1-P5 on a particular skin - Table 4 : Range and mean of E.W.C. values for skin samples - Table 5 : E.W.C. values after repeated re-equilibrium in the conditioning chamber at 100°F - Table 6 : Analysis of variance and treatment means for the thickness treatment means for the thickness measurements on the skin after soaking - Table 7 : Drying X temperature interaction means for water uptake (MG) per standard sample - Table 8 : Drying X treatment interaction means for water uptake (MG) per standard sample over the complete uptake period 0-3 days - Table 9 : Drying X solutioninteractionmeans for water uptake (MG) per standard sample - Table 10 : Swelling means for the drying W soaking treatment - Table 11 : Means for dry thickness for the skin sample (in. X 10-4) - Table 12 : Analyis of variance and drying X soaking interaction means En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kxxnpWKQs1P19-ve5-zvMKmbFeHXLrrc/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37942 [article]

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Distribution of lipid classes with respect to area and stratigraphic location in a steerhide / E. H. Bitcover in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 338-350 Titre : Distribution of lipid classes with respect to area and stratigraphic location in a steerhide Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : E. H. Bitcover, Auteur ; Edward F. Mellon, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 338-350 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bouvillon Le terme "bouvillon" est couramment utilisé pour désigner un jeune boeuf ou bovidé qui a été châtré. Cuirs et peaux de bovins Extraction (chimie) Lipides Séparation (technologie) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Variability in the lipid content from one area of a hide to another has prevented accurate comparisons of the chemical compositions of hides. Since the various lipid constituents are the result of different biological processes and serve different purposes within the hide, the contents of certain lipids vary more than others within the hide. In these studies the lipid components were determined in each of five stratigraphic layers taken from 11 areas which represented about two-thirds of the area of the right side of a steerhide. There was considerable variability in the content for each lipid class, both areawise and stratigraphically. The lipids on the coarse-clipped and fine-clipped hair were determined for nine areas, and these also showed considerable variability. Note de contenu : - Preparation of material - Extraction of lipids - Separation of lipid classes - Solvents - Table 1 : Stratigraphic composition of the lipid constituents of a steerhide En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16q8gM0F749v_Z_KfqxLyqWNoGDjSNRSA/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37943 [article]

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Biological aging and the neutral swelling of insoluble collagen / I. Gordon Fels in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 351-362 Titre : Biological aging and the neutral swelling of insoluble collagen Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : I. Gordon Fels, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 351-362 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Résumé : For industrial, marine, and offshore facility owners, the cost consequences of corrosion under insulation (CUI) can be intolerable in terms of lost production, chemical spills, environmental cleanup, and health and safety implications. Hence, it is very important to implement carefully designed CUI mitigation strategies. Specialty coatings can be excellent tools for CUI mitigation strategies. The authors showed in previous laboratory investigations using a CUI cyclic test, that coated carbon steel pipe insulated with Cal-Sil (calcium silicate) saturated with a 1% NaCI (sodium chloride) salt solution performed best with either thermal spray aluminum (ISA) or a spray-applied titanium modified inorganic copolymer (TMIC). The raison d'etre for the use of calcium silicate as an insulation material was because it readily absorbs and wicks moisture and can bold about 20-40 times its weight in water,4 thus representing a worst-case scenario. The cyclic temperature range used in the earlier work was 95 C to 445 C.2, 3 The temperature span was intended to ensure that the coated pipe test pieces were exposed to the NACE RP01985 critical corrosion temperature range (4 C to 175 C for carbon steel; 50 C to 175 C for stainless steel) and higher. Interestingly, an anomalous finding from the earlier work was that corrosion on wet and insulated bare steel pipe appeared to occur at temperatures higher than those known for the corrosion of dry carbon steel 1.5, 6 This suggested that temperatures, measured by thermocouples on bare steel pipe encased in dry insulation, which were used to indicate temperatures of coated steel pipe encased in wet insulation, were incorrect and needed to be checked to provide greater accuracy. These new temperature measurements were carried out as part of this new CUI study. The primary aim of the current investigation was to evaluate coating performance on both carbon steel and stainless steel pipes in the temperature range for CUI and at elevated temperatures approaching 600 C. Utilizing the Cyclic Pipe test, the cyclic temperature resistance of a new member of the TMIC class of coatings was compared and contrasted with one of the other specialty coatings studied in the previous work, an inorganic coating containing micaceous iron oxide (hereinafter Coating A and designated Coating #2 in the former study). Both the original TMIC coating tested and the new TMIC coating evaluated in this study were aluminum filled. They were formulated to provide similar flexibility, be unaffected by intra-film stresses during high temperature cycling in the typical CUI temperature range, and withstand cycling and continuous operation between ambient and elevated temperatures. In the present investigation, the new TMIC coating was touted to perform up to 600 C, much greater than the 450 C limit for the earlier version. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Effect of age and drying history - Table 1 : The effect of age and drying upon the imbibition (A0) and swelling (Q) by ratskin collagen - Table 2 : The effect of drying of embryonic steerhide collagen upon imbibition (A0) and swelling (Q) - Table 3 : The effect of age upon the density of ratskin collagen - Table 4 : Effect of pH upon the swelling and imbibition of adult and embryonic steerhide collagen En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/10vzGVSqtbR3d7LxjpOQEbvrTm1fkG1t1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37944 [article]

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The development of biodegradable surfactants as an answer to a water pollution problem / Edmund C. Steinle in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 394-405 Titre : The development of biodegradable surfactants as an answer to a water pollution problem Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Edmund C. Steinle, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 394-405 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Déchets industriels -- Elimination Eaux usées -- Epuration Surfactants -- Biodégradation Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Although there have been many discussions of the need for and development of biodegradable surfactants, ranging from oversimplified news accounts to the highly detailed technical paper, it is felt that there is a need to deal with the nature of pollution itself and the relationship of surfactants to the nation's overall waste disposal system. Accordingly, we shall look quickly at the nature of wastes, waste disposal, types of pollution, and the nature of surfactant pollution. Then we shall progress to the subject of biodegradability - what it is, how it is measured - and finally examine the qualifications of commercially available types of biodegradable surfactants. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Natural pollution - Man-made waste disposal schemes - Other types of pollution - Surfactant pollution - TESTING FOR BIODEGRADABILITY - ILLUSTRATION OF COMPLETE VERSUS INCOMPLETE BIODEGRADATION - RESULTS OF TESTING TO DATE : Legal requirements and utility En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GBJyVwrkZSo51n417tO_W623wyaHUcD4/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37945 [article]

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Tannery effluent problems / K. W. Pepper in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 570-584 Titre : Tannery effluent problems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. W. Pepper, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 570-584 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Coût -- Contrôle Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Eaux usées -- Décontamination Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Stations de traitements Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnement Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Charges for the treatment or disposai of tannery effluent are unproductive costs ; hence the overall objective of BLMRA work has been to reduce costs with minimum interference to production or leather quality. In addition, specific technical problems have arisen because certain tanners have been forced to comply with stringent requirements in order to be able to stay in business. A complete account of the subject would include details of recent U. K. legislation and of the various methods used for assessing charges, but time permits only a brief mention. Broadly speaking, tannery effluent in the U. K. may be discharged in three different ways : 1. To the open sea. 2. To rivers or streams. 3. To towns' sewers for treatment by local sewage works. Discharges to rivers and streams are subject to licenses issued by the appropriate authorities which impose strict limits for the composition of the effluent. Limits for discharges to towns' sewers are usually somewhat less severe but the sewage works are now empowered to make charges commensurate with the costs of treatment. British leather manufacturers, wherever situated, are under strong pressure to improve the composition of tannery effluent. Although the basic problems are similar everywhere, our work and experience have been greatly influenced by the requirements of U.K. legislation, and I realize that some aspects of the problem may have different emphasis and importance in the U.S.A. Note de contenu : - MAIN ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM : Volume - Suspended solids - Soluble solids - Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - pH value - Chromium - Sulfide - Fats and grease - Inflammable solvents - MODIFICATIONS TO TANNERY PROCESSES - TREATMENT OF EFFLUENT AT THE TANNERY : Neutralization of acid or alkali - Sulfide - Chromium - Biological oxidation - Grease and fats - INFLUENCE OF COMPONENTS OF TANNERY EFFLUENT ON SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSES : Percolating filters - Activated sludge plant - Anaerobic sludge digestion - Table 1 : Normal constituents of tannery effluent - Table 2 : Toxic constituents of tannery effluent En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/110VmRA-0HWLcRJ6PckVy1WBKtg8XetoX/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37946 [article]

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Properties of shoe leathers and their measurement / H. Bradley in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 629-656 Titre : Properties of shoe leathers and their measurement Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : H. Bradley, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 629-656 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chaussures Coefficient de diffusion Un coefficient de diffusion est une grandeur caractéristique du phénomène de diffusion de la matière. Le coefficient de diffusion mesure le rapport entre le flux molaire dû à la diffusion moléculaire, et le gradient de concentration de l'espèce chimique considérée (ou, plus généralement, de la variable d'effort entraînant cette diffusion), comme formulé par la loi de Fick. Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de veaux Distribution et orientation des fibres Eau -- Adsorption Isolation thermique Mesure Taille des pores Thermocinétique Transpiration Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - CHARACTERISTICS OF LEATHER STRUCTURE : Pore volume - Pore size - Pore and fiber orientation - Specific surface and its importance in adsorption phenomena - Water diffusion coefficient - Plasto-elasticity - Thermal insulation and transpiration - I. PORE VOLUME - II. PORE SIZE - III. PORE AND FIBER ORIENTATION - IV. TOTAL SURFACE - V. WATER ABSORPTION OF LEATHER - VI. STRETCHINESS AND PLASTICITY IN LEATHER : Transpiration cooling value - Table 1 : Pore size parameters of vegetable sole leathers - Table 2 : Thermal conductivity and fiber orientation - Table 3 : Specific surface of leather - Table 4 : Values of Z and x - Table 5 : Water adsorption by unfinished chrome calf - Table 6 : Comparison of theoretical and actual adsorption by chrome calf - Table 7 : e -(2n - 1)2v / 2n - 1 at various time - Table 8 : Calculations for the summation - Table 9 : Values of summation at distances x/a - Table 10 : Values of C/C0 at distances x/a - Table 11 : Stretch and plastic set of box calf - Table 12 : Values of T and ε for box calf - Table 13 : Plastic set of box and willow calf - Table 14 : Insulating and cooling values for various leathers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hn8EeYSsLAACXLb65RKfhSfQPp4gr46v/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37947 [article]

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Washability of glutaraldehyde-chrome tanned garment and glove leathers / S. J. Viola in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXI (Année 1966)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXI (Année 1966) . - p. 661-670 Titre : Washability of glutaraldehyde-chrome tanned garment and glove leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. J. Viola, Auteur ; M. L. Fein, Auteur ; J. Naghski, Auteur Année de publication : 1966 Article en page(s) : p. 661-670 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuir velours Essais (technologie) Fleur du cuir Gants Glutaraldéhyde Nettoyabilité Tannage synthétique Vêtements en cuir Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : One of the aims of the leather industry is the development of washable leathers that require little special attention. The term "washable leather", as used here, means a leather that can be immersed in warm to moderately hot water and washed with soap or detergent in a manner, for example, as recommended for woolen fabrics. Such leather could compete more readily with substitutes in many ways but especially in low maintenance cost. Note de contenu : - Garment type leathers - Washing tests - Cabretta glove leather - Washing tests - Table 1 : Analysis of suede leather before and after washing - Table 2 : Analysis of suede leather before and after washing - Table 3 : Analysis of grain garment leather before and after washing - Table 4 : Tanning procedures for cabretta glove leathers - Table 5 : Effect of washing on Ts of cabretta glove leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Voq-8TLb7funl6XAoVWCG4dZP9FYKJgw/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37948 [article]

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