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Continuous automatic beamhouse processing. III. Effects of processing conditions on the rapid soaking and unhairing of cattlehides / D. J. O'Brien in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 370-380 Titre : Continuous automatic beamhouse processing. III. Effects of processing conditions on the rapid soaking and unhairing of cattlehides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. J. O'Brien, Auteur ; M. Komanowsky, Auteur ; G. E. Senske, Auteur ; W. K. Heiland, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 370-380 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Rapid soaking and unhairing of brine-cured cattlehides are integral functions of the continuous automatedd beamhouse process developed at the Eastern Regional Research Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Experiments in the continuous beamhouse pilot plant facility determined that effective unhairing in 10 mins could be accomplished with 4%-6% Na2S (100 % basis). Lower Na2S concentrations required longer contact times or control of salt levels in the unhairing liquor. Estimates of chemical and water use are also presented. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9082 [article]

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Practical leather processing using the novel pretan concept II. results of tannery trials on side upper leather / J. J. Hodder in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 6-15 Titre : Practical leather processing using the novel pretan concept II. results of tannery trials on side upper leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. J. Hodder, Auteur ; William C. Prentiss, Auteur ; Geoffrey J. Ward, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 6-15 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : A patented pretanning procedure enabling slitting and shaving prior to tanning and retanning has been covered in previous papers. A number of production trials have bben run in tanneries on several raw stocks to fine tune the process and make material adjustements in order to optimize shrinkage temperature and subsequent splitting and shaving of the pretanned stock. Process variables such as chrome charge in the primary tannage and auxiliary utilization are discussed in this paper together with the results of physical tests and chemical analyses. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9345 [article]

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Evaluation of flammability of footwear upper materials / Milton Bailey in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 16-26 Titre : Evaluation of flammability of footwear upper materials : patent and regular shoe upper leather vs. porvais and clarino poromerics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Milton Bailey, Auteur ; Norman F. Audet, Auteur ; Marie F. Demorais, Auteur ; Sumner Bernstein, Auteur ; Zelig Kupferman, Auteur ; Kenneth Spindola, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 16-26 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The Chief of Naval Operations requested that the Navy Clothing and Textile Research Facility investigate the flammability and burn hazard potential of poromeric materials (Porvair and Clarino), after porometic shoes worn by a sailor caught fire and severely burned his feet. As a result, porometic materials were compared with regular and patent leather under several heat and flammability conditions. The findings showed porometic burn when exposed to open flames and are indeed potentially hazardous; while the leathers, including patent leather, which has an easy-care finish like the poromerics, are fine retardant. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9346 [article]

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High performance acrylic resins / J. J. Biles in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 34-44 Titre : High performance acrylic resins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. J. Biles, Auteur ; Nicholas J. DiCandilo, Auteur ; William C. Prentiss, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 34-44 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The availability of acrylic resins for the manufacture of leather dates back well over fifty years. Some of the earliest acrylics developed for the base coating of leather are still in use today, a tribute to the performance capabilities achieved through acrylic technology. In the last decade, as new technology was developed, new products such as ultra-fine impregnation resins, ambient cure base coat resins, and water reducible topcoats have appeared. In this paper, some of the more recently developed materials for the finishing of leather are described with emphasis on the performance of soft, but tough acrylic basecoat emulsions. They offer a superior balance of elasticity/tensile strength with freedom from tack normally associated with typical basecoat resins. Also covered are acrylic topcoat materials which are comparable to nitrocellulose lacquer emulsions in application performance and physical requirements. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9347 [article]

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Electron microscope study of leather I. effect of fixing and staining on the band pattern of collagen fibrils / Kohkichi Uehara in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 45-57 Titre : Electron microscope study of leather I. effect of fixing and staining on the band pattern of collagen fibrils Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kohkichi Uehara, Auteur ; Mieko Sutoh, Auteur ; Harukazu Toyoda, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 45-57 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In order to observe the change of band pattern of collagen fibrils of hides and skins during the leather making process with transmission electron microscope, the effect of fixing and staining on the band pattern was studied first. Collagen fibrils obtained from rat tail tendon and SLS (Segment Long Spacing) - aggregates prepared from acid soluble tail tendon collagen were fixed with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide or chrome alum, and then positively or negatively stained with phophotungstic acid or uranyl acetate. In general, double positive staining gave far sharper and clearer images than single staining. When positively stained, collagen fibrils usually showed the period consisting of 11 or 12 bands, and contrast and sharpness of each band different according to the fixing method used. The sharpest and clearest images were obtained by fixing the fibrils with chrome alum. There was a great difference between the band pattern of SLS-aggregates fixed with chrome alum and those fixed with glutaraldehyde. These results indicate that the electron microscopic study of alteration of the band pattern is expected to provide important information on the mechanism of tanningg reactions. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9348 [article]

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The use of aluminium salts in tanning / Anthony D. Covington in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 72-93 Titre : The use of aluminium salts in tanning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anthony D. Covington, Auteur ; R. L. Sykes, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 72-93 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : For more than 2000 years aluminium salts have been used in the production of leather and nineteenth century literature records processes where it was used in conjuction with both vegetable tans and chromium salts, yet in volume terms, relatively little aluminium is used by the leather industry today. Research at BLMRA has been motivated by : 1. Demand for a white leather as a substrate for dyeing. 2. Reduced environmental impact by replacing chrome. 3. Strategic concern over chrome supplies. Developments to be described include : The Semi-Alum Process - Vegetable tan followed by aluminium in regular commercial production gives leathers with shrinkage temperatures well over 110°C. The leather have a very high level of chemical and thermal stability making them particularly useful where extended service under arduous conditions is required. Pure White Leathers - With shrinkage temperatures of about 100°C pure white leathers can be produced from combinations of polycarboxylic polymers and aluminium. Sheepskin Garment Leathers - Using predominantly aluminium salts with 0.5-0.75% Cr2O3 the leathers have shrinkage temperatures in the region of 100°C and 99% utilisation of chromium has been achieved. Pre-tannage of Bovine Stock - Pretannage with aluminium salts enables chromium offers to be reduced by 20% with no reduction in chromium content of the finished leather and a substantial reduction in sewered chrome. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9366 [article]

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Alum-based hide processing / Raymond A. Smith in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 94-103 Titre : Alum-based hide processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Raymond A. Smith, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 94-103 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Aluminium salts used to preserve hides and skins temporarily provide answers to some of the needs of the hide and tanning industries. This concept is reviewed and experimental results using aluminium salts as temporary preservatives are presented. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9367 [article]

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Halophilic bacteria in brine curing / Waldo E. Kallenberger in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 104-114 Titre : Halophilic bacteria in brine curing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 104-114 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Halophilic bacteria have been known for many years to be associated with brine cured hides in such forms as "red heat". Controversy continues about their ability to damage hide protein and their resistance to control measures. Laboratory experiments with brine and hide pieces have been empployed to examine these controversial claims. A simple laboratory control has been attained using inorganic metal salts in small concentrations in the brines. The ability of the particular halophilic organisms isolated to degrade hide is also being investigated. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9368 [article]

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The status of collagen as a gras ingredient / Donna Adele Dennis in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 129-131 Titre : The status of collagen as a gras ingredient Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Donna Adele Dennis, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 129-131 Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9369 [article]

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Hide protein as a food additive / R. L. Henrickson in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 132-145 Titre : Hide protein as a food additive Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. L. Henrickson, Auteur ; Turgut, Auteur ; B. R. Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 132-145 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Meat and other food products have fallen prey to proteins from many sources. Some of these proteins are extenders while others provide desirable, functional and quality attributes. Proteins from soya, wheat, milk, fish and whey are used as binders, texture modifiers, water-holders, fat emulsifiers, gel formers, and, in some cases, they improve process efficiency. Consequently, the addition of one or more of the available proteins to food such as meat, provide consumer benefits by improving quality while reducing cost. Consumers have accepted these proteins not only for economic reasons, but also because technology has provided products that are taste appealing. Non-meat proteins have been permitted by Federal Meat Inspection regulations, in an all meat product, at level up to 3.5% of the finished sausage product and in chili con carne and barbecuc sauce up to 8%. Soy protein has been permitted at the 30% level in hamburger for use in the school lunch program. Animal derived gelatin has been used both as a food and as an additive since the 18th century, with pig skin being the major source of food-grade gelatin on the market today. In addition, pig skin is used extensively as a snack food of various types. On the other hand, bovine hide protein, as mature collagen, has received GRAS status only as regenerated collagen for use in making sausage casings. Even though the physico-chemical basis of some functional characteristics of proteins are little understood, proteins are not functional unless accompanied by an aqueous phase. Therefore, hydration is an important characteristic of a protein in imparting functional properties such as swelling, gelation, solubility, viscosity, wettability, emulsification, cohesion, adhesion, elasticity and foaming in a food system. These protein properties are directly related to the manner in which the protein interacts with water in a product. Thus, the hide protein-water interaction in a bologna emulsion is important. The objective of this research was to re-emphasize that native bovine hide collagen has functional properties, that may be useful in many processed food products. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9370 [article]

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Oriented fibrillar collagen and its application to biomedical devices / Kenneth E. Hughes in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 146-165 Titre : Oriented fibrillar collagen and its application to biomedical devices Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kenneth E. Hughes, Auteur ; David J. Fink, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 146-165 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : Microscopy techniques Analytical techniques Orientation in the collagen matrix Mechanical properties Fabrication of preliminary prototype structures Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9371 [article]

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Combination tannages with vegetable tannins and aluminium / Juan F. Hernandez in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 182-206 Titre : Combination tannages with vegetable tannins and aluminium Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Juan F. Hernandez, Auteur ; Waldo E. Kallenberger, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 182-206 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Tannage with a polyphenolic substance followed by the application of dissolved metal salt, specifically vegetable tannins followed by aluminium salts, produces unexpectedly high thermal stability and acid resistance in the final leather. Several explanations have been proposed for these observations, but none realistically account for the synergestic effect, or the specific need to apply the tannage carefully using polyphenolic first followed by the application of metal salt. By demonstrating through laboratory experiments the need to modify the more traditional ideas about straight mineral tannage with respect to the effect of the metal salt reaction, a new, more logical concept of polymer formation is developed and supported through laboratory experimental evidence. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9373 [article]

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