An effective and harmless recycling technology for hazardous chrome-tanned leather wastes / Minghui Li in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 108, N° 2 (03-04/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 108, N° 2 (03-04/2024) . - p. 67-77 Titre : An effective and harmless recycling technology for hazardous chrome-tanned leather wastes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Minghui Li, Auteur ; Xu Zhang, Auteur ; Honghong Chen, Auteur ; Sadaqat Ali Chattha, Auteur ; Xin Yan, Auteur ; Biyu Peng, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 67-77 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Chimie analytique Chrome -- Recyclage Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Déchromage Hydrolysat de collagène Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Utilizing leather production waste to create raw materials for leather chemicals, and reintroducing it into the leather making processing, represents an ideal approach to achieving an “internal circular economy” within the leather industry. This study focuses on the reutilization of dechromed collagen fibres, obtained from chromium shavings, to generate a retanning filling. The effects of hydrolysis conditions on the viscosity, and gel strength of the dechromed collagen hydrolysates were investigated. The application effectiveness of the collagen hydrolysates with different particle sizes in the leather retanning filling process was also compared. The findings indicate that alkali hydrolysis is more conducive to producing collagen hydrolysates with a relatively higher proportion of medium and low molecular weight components, while acid hydrolysis favours the production of collagen hydrolysates rich in high molecular weight components. Additionally, collagen hydrolysates with an average particle size of 162.8 nm exhibit the best filling efficacy, imparting favorable organoleptic and physical properties to the leather. Herein, a method for preparing protein fillers, using chrome shavings as raw materials, was established, i.e., the dechromed collagen fibres (with a chromium content of approximately 33.6 mg/kg) were mixed with 2000% of water and adjusted to pH 3.0 with a small amount of sulfuric acid, and heated at 60°C with continuous stirring for 11 hours. After hydrolysis, the pH was adjusted appropriately to reuse it in the wet blue retanning filling process. The research outcomes have significant guiding implications for promoting the "internal circular economy" and sustainable development within the leather industry. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTS AND METHODS : Experimental materials - Dechroming of chrome shavings - Hydrolysis of dechromed collagen fibres - Performance of collagen hydrolysate as a retanning agent - Analysis and testing - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preparation and performance analysis of dechromed collagen fibres materials - Influence of hydrolysis conditions on the fundamental characteristics of collagen hydrolysates - Correlation between the particle size of collagen hydrolysates and filling efficiency - Table 1 : Properties of the collagen hydrolysates - Table 2 : Physical and mechanical properties of the crust leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hD0IMUh9EOcTIH7DeQDo-eDaYvoQEeci/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40933 [article]

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Chromium recovery or reuse / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 38 (11-12/2019)  

[article]  inINTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 38 (11-12/2019) . - p. 52-56 Titre : Chromium recovery or reuse Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 52-56 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome -- Recyclage Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chromium tanning is a highly inefficient chemical process if allowed. For the last 130 years, tanners have learnt progressively how to make this process more efficient. There are a few significant methods that allow the process to go from a low yield process into a more efficient method : - Effective chromium and collagen masking allowing deeper penetration. - Lower float use, increases the concentration of chromium and this drives penetration. - pH at the higher end of basifying range. - Temperature at the end of basifying. - Masking agents that help with chromium binding (chrome savers). - Chase pickle type tannages. Many of these have driven the process towards efficiencies that are in the 80-90% range. Some tannages have even claimed 95-99% efficiencies. For those levels of efficiencies, the residual levels of chromium may be too insignificant to financially motivate for the reuse or recycling of the chromium salts. For a tannery that has a 65% uptake of the chromium salts, the amount of remaining chromium salts will be in the order of 35% (350 g/L) chromium that could be used in the next iteration of the process. A tannery having 5% (50 g/L) chromium could use the liquor remaining from the tannage (after pH correction) and could directly apply it into the pickle, the sait and residual chromium (and water of course) would mean significant reductions in chemicals and water used at this processing step. Note de contenu : - Waste hierarchy - Chromium efficiency - Recycling/reuse - Recovery - Circularity - Fig. 1 : The waste hierarchy - Fig. 2 : The chromium recycle system - Fig. 3 : The chromium recovery system En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QCSUQSP7K8PMiZbsw8Deh4eDFqHdspoC/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33141 [article]

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Factors influencing chromium recovery from chromium sulphate tanned leather scrap ashes / S. Carneiro in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 1 (01-02/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 1 (01-02/2003) . - p. 1-10 Titre : Factors influencing chromium recovery from chromium sulphate tanned leather scrap ashes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. Carneiro, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; M. F. Ferreira, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 1-10 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cendres -- Teneur en chrome Chrome -- Recyclage Cuirs et peaux Déchets industriels -- Recyclage Incinération Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Basic chromium salt is the main tanning reagent used all over the world and it represents one of the most important applications of chromium salts. When leather scrap tanned with chromium sulphate is burned, the respective ashes contain meaningful amounts of chromium, some of it in the hexavalent form. This paper presents some efforts aimed at using the ashes from a fixed grate incinerator (FGI) as a source of chromium for various applications. Two types of ashes were characterised. Several tests with mixtures of alkaline and alkaline earth fluxes followed by hot washing the product were carried out to recover chromium from the ashes. The factors influencing chromium recovery were screened through an experimental design approach and hypothesis testing. Using ashes as pigment for ceramic glazes was also evaluated. Note de contenu : - CHARACTERISATION OF ASHES AND EXPERIMETNAL PROCEDURES : Principles of the experimental process - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : First set of experiments - Second set of experiments - Third set of experiments - Fourth set of experiments - Table 1 : Experiments carried out at 750°C with NA2CO3 based mixtures and respective Cr recoveries - Table 2 : Experiments carried out at 350, 450 and 550°C with mixtures based on NaOH - Table 3 : Cr recoveries at 350, 450 and 550°C with mixtures based on NaOH - Table 4 : Experiments carried out at 350, 450 and 550°C with mixtures based on NaOH and NaNO3 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19Zv2OsYHHMm0WjcPxW4ash70Z_iVjqG8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39804 [article]

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Natural fibers reinforced chrome shaving composites for sound absorption applications / D. Hemalatha in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIII, N° 11 (11/2018)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIII, N° 11 (11/2018) . - p. 352-357 Titre : Natural fibers reinforced chrome shaving composites for sound absorption applications Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. Hemalatha, Auteur ; S. Kowsalya, Auteur ; N. Nishad Fathima ; S. Sowmya ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 352-357 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chrome -- Recyclage Composites à fibres -- Moulage par compression Composites à fibres végétales -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Isolation acoustique Matériaux -- Propriétés acoustiques Polypropylène Résistance à la traction Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Chrome shavings, the solid wastes from tanneries, show disposal difficulties due to the presence of the heavy metal chromium. In this present study, we have prepared sound absorbing materials from chrome shavings by blending with suitable synthetic and natural polymers via compression molding technique. Polypropylene (PP), was chosen as a synthetic polymer to improve the blending and natural fibers such as cotton, jute and kapok have been chosen for their porous nature. The composites were prepared, and their morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The sound absorption of the prepared composites has been measured using Impedance tube method. The results suggest that composites blended with polypropylene exhibit more than 90% sound absorption in the mid frequency range. This study shows that chrome shavings in combination with natural fibers can be used as good sound absorption materials. Thus, the proposed approach paves the way for utilization of a leather waste to reduce noise pollution. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Methods. Preparation of chrome shavings - polypropylene composites - Preparation of composites from chrome shavings polypropylene and natural fibers - Sound absorption measurements - Characterizations of sound absorbing materials - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : Chrome shavings- polypropylene composites - Natural fibers- chrome shavings- polypropylene composites - Tensile strength of the composites - Sound absorption results of the chrome shavings and natural fibers reinforced chrome shavings En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i3rWh4PzeBQ8UqRsFZIhCeqlhGJ99vNd/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31201 [article]

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A novel recycling technology for chrome shavings : Application of non-swelling acids during dechroming process / Sadaqat Ali Chattha in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 8 (08/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIX, N° 8 (08/2024) . - p. 360-368 Titre : A novel recycling technology for chrome shavings : Application of non-swelling acids during dechroming process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sadaqat Ali Chattha, Auteur ; Minghui Li, Auteur ; Xu Zhang, Auteur ; Piyu Peng, Auteur ; Chunxiao Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 360-368 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chimie analytique Chrome -- Recyclage Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Déchromage Extraction (chimie) Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Sulfoniques, Acides Sulfurique, Acide Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : To separate and recycle collagen fibers and chromium from chrome shavings is important for the sustainable development of leather industry. However, the requirement of chromium content for a wide range of industrial applications of the recycled collagen fibers is limited to 50 mg/kg, which is challenging for the current dechroming methods. Hence, the goal of this work was to establish an efficient dechroming method to address this problem based on the OH-replacement and non-swelling acid application principles. In this study, the types of aromatic sulfonic acids and the parameters of the dechroming processes were optimized, and the tanning performance of the recycled chromium was investigated. The results indicated that disposal of the alkali treated chrome shavings with a mixed acids exhibited high dechroming extent and low extent of collagen hydrolysis, and the optimal ratio of sulfuric acid (20%) to optimized non- swelling acid-sulfone sulfonic acid was 7:1 at pH 1.0 and 25°C. The resultant collagen fibers retained their fiber structure and had a maximum hydrolysis extent of 10.6%, with a chromium content of 39.9 mg/kg. Additionally, the chromium in the dechroming filter liquor displayed good alkali precipitation property, and the chromium concentration of the precipitate’s supernatant satisfied the requirements for direct discharge, approximately 1.05 mg/L, and the recovered chromium exhibited good tanning performance. Therefore, the newly developed salt free chrome shavings treatment method is a promising resource recycling technology and may be helpful for the sustainable development of the leather industry. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Methods - Exploring the tanning performance of recycled chrome tanning agent - Analysis and testing - Scanning electron microscope analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Chromium extraction - Utilization of products - Utilization of dechromed collagen fibers - Table 1 : Effect of acid types on filtration performance (min), moisture content (%) and dechroming extent (%) - Table 2 : Effect of sulfuric acid (20%, w/w) and SDPSA (50%, w/w) on filtration performance, moisture content, dechroming extent and extent of collagen hydrolysis DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/brrhvf02 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18NEdU3a_YjuWL6e-dbTQ9139bBWJRSSM/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41289 [article]

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A practical chrome recovery system using magnesium oxide / Anthony D. Covington in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 67 (Année 1983)  

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Production of high carbon ferrochromium alloy from footwear leather waste ash through a carbothermic reduction in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 11 (11/2012)  

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Le recyclage du chrome / Arlette Folachier in TECHNICUIR, N° 4 (04/1975)  

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Some properties of wet-blue leathers produced from recycled chrome tanning liquors / John R. Barlow in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61, N° 2 (03-04/1977)  

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Some properties of wet-blue leathers produced from recycled chrome tanning liquors / John R. Barlow in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978)  

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Sustainable leather / Catherine A. Money in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 213, N° 4816 (11-12/2011)  

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The three pot solution for chromium, tannins and solid waste : Recovery and reuse technique for spent semi-chrome liquor and chrome shavings / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)  

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Use of solid leather wastes to producte value-added material / M. A. Habib in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 107, N° 6 (11-12/2023)  

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