Area retention studies for vacuum-dried leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002) . - p. 381-388 Titre : Area retention studies for vacuum-dried leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Gary L. Di Maio, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 381-388 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The importance of knowing the effect of leather making conditions on the resultant area yield cannot be over-emphasized because the price of a piece of chrome-tanned leather is determined by its area. In our previous vacuum drying studies, we demonstrated that the residual water content is the key factor governing area retention. However this general doctrine can be complicated by additional variables such as the initial water content and the number of staking passes, particularly for the toggled-dried leather because of the mechanical stretch that occurs. We therefore have conducted a systematic study focusing on four factors simultaneously: initial water content, fatliquor concentration, drying time and the number of staking passes. We used the SAS statistical program to formulate their interactive relationship on the area retention of leather. A second order polynomial regression equation was derived to plot 3-D response surfaces that clearly illustrate the relationship between the variables and area retention. Observation showed that the area retention increases steadily with increasing either initial water content or fatliquor concentration. This trend slowly reverses, however, as both of these factors increase further. The effect of staking on area retention is also very intricate. Without the proper amount of fatliquor or initial water content, staking can significantly reduce area retention. This investigation has attained comprehensive information of the effects of these four variables and more importantly their interactions on area retention. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-neAIadhNWTEOZThjbqG60UxFj2c_JBI/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4247 [article]

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Effects of fatliquor on vacuum drying of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 7 (07/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 7 (07/2002) . - p. 285-295 Titre : Effects of fatliquor on vacuum drying of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Gary L. Di Maio, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 285-295 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The effect of fatliquor was not included in our previous vacuum drying studies for chrome-tanned leather. Therefore, a follow-up vacuum drying study was performed to evaluate the effect of fatliquor. By using the SAS statistical program, we have formulated the relationship between fatliquor concentration and drying rate. This study also focused on how fatliquor affects the strength, elongation, stiffness and toughness of the vacuum dried leather. A second order polynomial regression equation was derived to plot 3-D response surfaces that clearly illustrate the relationship between the fatliquor concentration and drying rate, as well as the resultant physical properties. Measurements showed the drying rate decreases as the fatliquor concentration increases by a factor of (1-f)1/2, where f is the fatliquor concentration fraction. Observation showed that the tensile strength, elongation, and toughness all increase steadily with an increased fatliquor concentration, whereas the Young's modulus decreased. A correlation was observed between elongation and Young's modulus. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18IctzfqoFihfXZic7gwXW3Wx4OmAbMj0/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4288 [article]

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Physical property studies for leather lubricated with various types of fatliquors / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 11 (11/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 11 (11/2002) . - p. 431-440 Titre : Physical property studies for leather lubricated with various types of fatliquors Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Gary L. Di Maio, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 431-440 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The use of fatliquors is critical to attain the required physical characteristics for leather products. Currently a wide variety of fatliquors are being used in leather manufacturing. There is a lack of information, however, regarding their performance in terms of physical properties of the resultant leather. Such information certainly is very informative for the leather manufacturers to select the right fatliquors to meet quality demands. We have therefore recently conducted a comparison study on the physical properties of leather prepared with various types of fatliquors. Results showed that the type of fatliquor applied in a fatliquoring process does not directly affect the physical properties of leather, instead, the actual concentration of fatliquor will govern the results. Data indicated that a lower Young's modulus induced higher elongation and resulted in increased tear strength. Observation showed an excellent correlation between the softness of leather determined by manual assessment and the Young's modulus. It appears that one of the key functions of fatliquoring is to reduce the initial deformation resistance. Data also showed that the initial strain energy is an improved method to determine the initial deformation resistance, which takes the non-linear viscoelasticity of leather into account and is easier to measure and to define. Therefore the initial strain energy is a better objective method to determine the softness of leather instead of the subjective manual assessment. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/108QQol5U0gszt-FK4g0X29tvMDIN3XYc/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4243 [article]

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