Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 2 - Pressure wet oxygen oxidation / M. J. Ferreira in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002) . - p. 101-105 Titre : Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 2 - Pressure wet oxygen oxidation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. J. Ferreira, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; S. Pinho, Auteur ; A. Neves, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 101-105 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Catalyseurs métalliques Chaussures -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Cuirs et peaux Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Recyclage Oxydation humide Oxygène pH Sulfate de cuivre Le sulfate de cuivre est formé par la combinaison d'un ion cuivre (Cu2+) et d'un ion sulfate (SO42- ). Il a donc pour formule : CuSO4. Il est commercialisé soit anhydre, avec cette formule, soit pentahydraté et a alors la formule CuSO4,5H2O, comme sur la figure ci-contre. Il existe également avec une ou trois molécules d'eau d'hydratation. FABRICATION : Le sulfate de cuivre est obtenu industriellement comme sous-produit du décapage chimique du cuivre par l'acide sulfurique. Cet acide n'attaquant pas le cuivre métallique, seule sa forme oxydée présente en surface sous forme d'oxydes, de carbonates (vert de gris) et autres, passe en solution. Dans ces conditions, seul le degré d'oxydation II (forme cuivrique) est stable. UTILISATION : Une des principales utilisations actuelle du sulfate de cuivre est la préparation (industrielle ou non) de fongicides pour l'agriculture y compris biologique. La forme la plus courante est la bouillie bordelaise constituée de sulfate de cuivre neutralisé par la chaux. TOXICITE : Le sulfate de cuivre est un produit toxique. Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Small volumes of non-biodegradable liquid effluents are generated in footwear finishing operations. These effluents must be treated to meet regulatory requirements before discharge. Coagulation/flocculation followed by carbon adsorption may allow the discharge of the final effluent to sewage systems but the sludge produced and the adsorbent required makes the process of doubtful feasibility. Even with this treatment, threshold values for discharging the effluent to surface waters are not achieved. Such limitations encountered with these more conventional treatments pushed the research towards other less conventional options. One of them is wet oxidation (WO) here studied with oxygen as the selected oxidant. Thus, experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of temperature, time, oxygen and pH on the reduction of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, the catalytic effect of copper sulphate on the WO treatment efficiency was evaluated. The WO treatment of these wastewaters using oxygen as oxidant requires at least 200 ̊C, 30 minutes and non-alkaline pH, preferably pH2. The catalytic effect of copper is only small thus its role is not of interest for this purpose. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of temperature - Influence of oxygen dose and total pressure - Influence of oxygen dose and total pressure - Influence of time - Influence of pH - Influence of copper sulphate catalyst - Table 1 : Reduction of COD versus O2 dose and total pressure in the system - Table 2 : COD reduction as a function of O2 dose - Table 3 : Effect of copper at 250 mg Cu/l of effluent, pH and time on the reduction of COD - Table 4 : Effect pH, time and catalyst at 250 mg Cu/l of effluent on the COD reduction En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eucXIBMtZHP8EUGQ_gMyXkk9SBSCSzd8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39923 [article]

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Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 3 - Pressure wet hydrogen peroxide / M. J. Ferreira in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 4 (07-08/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 4 (07-08/2002) . - p.148-152 Titre : Alternative treatments for footwear industry liquid effluents - Part 3 - Pressure wet hydrogen peroxide Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. J. Ferreira, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; S. Pinho, Auteur ; A. Neves, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p.148-152 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Eaux usées -- Epuration Peroxyde d'hydrogène Le peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), communément appelé eau oxygénée ou encore perhydrol (appellation industrielle), est un composé chimique liquide et visqueux, aux puissantes propriétés oxydantes (il est aussi réducteur). C'est donc un agent blanchissant efficace qui sert de désinfectant et (à haute concentration) d'oxydant ou monergol dans les fusées spatiales. Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Footwear industry finishing operations generate non-biodegradable liquid effluents having a high organic load, mainly due to dyes, organic acids and organic solvents. Coagulation/flocculation followed by carbon adsorption is one option for treating these effluents, since it may allow the discharge of the final effluent to sewage systems but not to water courses. The process is of dubious utility due to the sludge produced and the required adsorbent amount. Such limitations pushed the research towards wet oxidation (WO) already tested with oxygen as oxidant. The reduction of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) with this treatment at 200 °C ranges from 50 - 80%, depending on the conditions and the initial COD of the wastewaters. However, residual COD values are too high for discharging the effluent to public sewage systems. Therefore, WO using hydrogen peroxide is the alternative method tested here. The experiments carried out evaluated the influence of temperature, time, H2O2 dose and pH on the reduction of effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other characteristics of the wastewaters. The catalytic effect of iron on the WO treatment efficiency was also evaluated. Note de contenu : - Influence of H2O2 dose and pH - Influence of time of the reaction - Influence of temperature - Influence of iron as catalyst - Influence of filtration - Table 1 : Influence of H2O2 dose in the COD, BOD5 and TOC at different pH - Table 2 : Influence of time on the COD, BOD5 and TOC at 200 ̊C and pH2 - Table 3 : Influence of temperature on the COD, BOD5 and TOC at pH2 for 30 minutes - Table 4 : Influence of iron on the COD, BOD5 and TOC at 150 ̊C, pH3 and 30 minutes - Table 5 : Wet oxidation using H2O2 on non-filtered effluents of finishing footwear operations En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vg8J_9NzQGt6eXQSzQz89J4nHZ5E8NFK/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39904 [article]

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Factors influencing chromium recovery from chromium sulphate tanned leather scrap ashes / S. Carneiro in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 1 (01-02/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 1 (01-02/2003) . - p. 1-10 Titre : Factors influencing chromium recovery from chromium sulphate tanned leather scrap ashes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. Carneiro, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; M. F. Ferreira, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 1-10 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cendres -- Teneur en chrome Chrome -- Recyclage Cuirs et peaux Déchets industriels -- Recyclage Incinération Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Basic chromium salt is the main tanning reagent used all over the world and it represents one of the most important applications of chromium salts. When leather scrap tanned with chromium sulphate is burned, the respective ashes contain meaningful amounts of chromium, some of it in the hexavalent form. This paper presents some efforts aimed at using the ashes from a fixed grate incinerator (FGI) as a source of chromium for various applications. Two types of ashes were characterised. Several tests with mixtures of alkaline and alkaline earth fluxes followed by hot washing the product were carried out to recover chromium from the ashes. The factors influencing chromium recovery were screened through an experimental design approach and hypothesis testing. Using ashes as pigment for ceramic glazes was also evaluated. Note de contenu : - CHARACTERISATION OF ASHES AND EXPERIMETNAL PROCEDURES : Principles of the experimental process - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : First set of experiments - Second set of experiments - Third set of experiments - Fourth set of experiments - Table 1 : Experiments carried out at 750°C with NA2CO3 based mixtures and respective Cr recoveries - Table 2 : Experiments carried out at 350, 450 and 550°C with mixtures based on NaOH - Table 3 : Cr recoveries at 350, 450 and 550°C with mixtures based on NaOH - Table 4 : Experiments carried out at 350, 450 and 550°C with mixtures based on NaOH and NaNO3 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19Zv2OsYHHMm0WjcPxW4ash70Z_iVjqG8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39804 [article]

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Pressure wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation of chromium sludge / S. Pinho in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 6 (11-12/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 86, N° 6 (11-12/2002) . - p. 257-262 Titre : Pressure wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation of chromium sludge Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. Pinho, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; M. J. Ferreira, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 257-262 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Boues résiduaires Déchets -- Elimination Essais (technologie) Oxydation humide Peroxyde d'hydrogène Le peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), communément appelé eau oxygénée ou encore perhydrol (appellation industrielle), est un composé chimique liquide et visqueux, aux puissantes propriétés oxydantes (il est aussi réducteur). C'est donc un agent blanchissant efficace qui sert de désinfectant et (à haute concentration) d'oxydant ou monergol dans les fusées spatiales. Sédimentation Taguchi, Méthodes de (Contrôle de qualité) Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : European tanneries generate a large amount of sludge containing chromium and other substances, some of which may be hazardous in post-tanning operations. In the next few years it is expected that landfilling these high organic content residues will be restricted in the EU thus imposing the need for treatment. This work assesses wet oxidation (WO) using hydrogen peroxide as an alternative solution for reducing the volume of sludge and its organic content. The effects of temperature, time, H2O2 dose and pH in the WO of a tannery sludge with chromium are evaluated through laboratory tests carried out in the range of 100-250 oC. Volume of sludge, total solids and volatile solids were determined in the experiments as well as total organic carbon and chromium on most of them. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS : Sludge characteristics - Sedimentation tests - WO experiments - WO blank test - Design of experiments - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Characteristics of chromium sludge - Sedimentation tests with chromium sludge - WO blank test - WO experiments - First set of WO experiments - Second and third sets of WO experiments - Selection of temperature, time and H2O2 offer - Table 1 : Results of WO experiments following a 7 factors, 2 levels L8 Taguchi design - Table 2 : Effects of the 7 factors on the performance of WO experiments - Table 3 : Results of the 2nd set of WO experiments following a L4 Taguchi design with temperature, time, pH at the levels of 200/250 oC, 30/120, minutes, pH 1/4 - Table 4 : Effects of the 3 factors on the performance of WO experiments on Table III - Table 5 : Results of the 3rd set of WO experiments following a L4 Taguchi design with temperature, time, pH at the levels of 200/240 oC, 30/120 minutes, pH 2/3 - Table 6 : Effects of the 3 factors on the performance of WO experiments on Table V - Table 7 : Wet oxidation results of a pulp with 2% sludge, initial pH 4, for 15 and 240 minutes at 200oC with different doses of hydrogen peroxide En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lt-W61c8zvLIKmiIYotE7bUGzFDiOkfM/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39846 [article]

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Using ashes from incineration of chromium sulphate tanned leather scrap. Part 2 : Tanning liquors, additives in footwear adhesives and fillers in mortars / M. J. Ferreira in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 85, N° 6 (11-12/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 85, N° 6 (11-12/2001) . - p. 193-198 Titre : Using ashes from incineration of chromium sulphate tanned leather scrap. Part 2 : Tanning liquors, additives in footwear adhesives and fillers in mortars Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. J. Ferreira, Auteur ; E. Xara, Auteur ; M. F. Almeida, Auteur ; M. Barla, Auteur ; J. Ferrer, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 193-198 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Adhésifs -- Additifs Caractérisation Cendres Charges (matériaux) Chrome Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Mortier -- Additifs Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chromium is the basis of leather manufacture and its extractable reserves are limited in distribution. mainly in South Africa. Zimbabwe and ex-USSR countries. Almost 20% of the metal is used by the chemical industry where one third of it goes into leather production as chromium sulphate tanning agent. The European Union depends on chromium imports as for most other metals. After burning leather scrap tanned with chromium sulphate. the very rich chromium resulting ashes may contain chromium (VI) in such a concentration that it becomes a hazardous waste and needs careful handling. 23Thus. both economic and environmental reasons suggest the use of these ashes. This paper follows another 4in presenting some of the work carried out under CRAFT project BRST CT96-5085. where leather incineration ashes generated by two different pilot—combustion systems, respect ively a fixed grill incinerator (FGI) and a fluidized bed incinerator (FBI) were characterized and some alternatives for using those ashes were studied. In the previous paper two routes for recovering chromium from leather ashes were considered as well as the influence of some factors on their efficiency. Now, producing chromium sulphate tanning liquors with chromium leached from the ashes is considered, as well as some other alternatives of using those ashes, namely as additives in footwear adhesives and fillers in mortars. Note de contenu : - Characterization of ashes - Application of recovered chromium in the leather industry as tanning agent - Application of ashes in footwear adhesives - Application of ashes as a filler in mortars - Table 1 : Chemical characteristics of leathers tanned using a 50/50 mixture of commercial and FBI ash derived liquor - Table 2 : Physical characteristics of leathers tanned using a 50/50 mixture of commercial and FBI ash derived liquor - Table 3 : Characteristics of leathers tanned using a 50/50 mixture of commercial and FGl ash derived liquor - Table 4 : Characteristics of leathers tanned using a 75/75 mixture of commercial and FGI ash derived liquor - Table 5 : Type of failure of leather adhesive bonding - Table 6 : Heavy metals in the leachates from ashes and mortars DIN 38414-S-4 tests and Photobacterinin Phosphoreum toxicity En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g9VcBCydqP4pVFRkAKVhOvYQeHtRAxJg/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40213 [article]

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