An eco-benign tanning system using aluminium, tannic acid, and silica combination / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 73-81 Titre : An eco-benign tanning system using aluminium, tannic acid, and silica combination Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 73-81 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : One of the best ways to combat chrome pollution is to avoid chromium itself in tanning. With this view, a chrome-free combination tanning system has been established using aluminium, tannic acid, a precursor to vegetable tannins and silica. Since tannic acid has low molecular weight compared to vegetable tannins, it can be successfully used to make a variety of leathers and the problems associated with vegetable tannins like hard biodegradability of tannins, fullness and darkness of leathers can be avoided. The presence of aluminium not only improves the hydrothermal stability of leather but also gives a pleasant pastel color to the leather due to the formation of aluminium-tannic acid complex, which produces colour in the matrix thus leading to the concept of natural dyeing. The fastness properties of the color obtained have been studied and have been found to be significantly good. The presence of silica in the combination system gives rise to softness and fluffiness. The amount of tannic acid, aluminium sulfate and sodium metasilicate has been chosen as 10, 5, and 5% (on pelt weight), respectively. In order to avoid pollution due to pickling operation, pickle-less tanning has been carried out. Both upper and garment leathers have been made and the characteristics of the same have been studied. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained from this combination tanning system is about 95°C. The physical strength characteristics and the organoleptic properties of the leathers obtained are on par with or better than the conventional chrome tanned leathers. The effluent arising from this tanning system has been analyzed for its environmental impact. The exhaustion of aluminium is about 98%. Also, there is significant reduction in the COD and TDS. Thus, an eco-benign chrome-free combination tanning system has been established. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r-90QymqgKFRS1dTnYGfvzvHwoxG55AG/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4182 [article]

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An organic approach for wet white garment leathers / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 3 (03/2009)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIV, N° 3 (03/2009) . - p. 113-119 Titre : An organic approach for wet white garment leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar, Auteur ; N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 113-119 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : To meet the growing demand for white garments and pastel shade leathers, a new combination tanning sytem based on acetaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulphate (THPS) has been developed. The advantages of this tanning system include not only producing white leathers but also completely doing away with chrome. Three separate combinations viz. acetaldehyde-THPS, glutaraldehyde-THPS and acetaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-THPS have been studied. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained using acetaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-THPS combination is 86°C. The organoleptic and the strength properties of the leathers made using this combination system have been found to be on par with that of conventional chrome tanned leather. Aldehyde tanning is known to yellow on ageing and exhibit poor light fastness. However, this new tanning system exhibits good light fastness owing to the presence of THPS. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jzPGya5J0pDnCngnaAZZOWgRhV1eXJGi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4482 [article]

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Augmentation of garment sheepskin type properties in goatskins : Role of chromium-silica tanning agent / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 6 (11-12/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 6 (11-12/2003) . - p. Titre : Augmentation of garment sheepskin type properties in goatskins : Role of chromium-silica tanning agent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage Analyse sensorielle Chrome Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Cuirs et peaux de moutons Douceur (toucher) Liqueurs de tannage -- Analyse Silice La silice est la forme naturelle du dioxyde de silicium (SiO2) qui entre dans la composition de nombreux minéraux. La silice existe à l'état libre sous différentes formes cristallines ou amorphes et à l'état combiné dans les silicates, les groupes SiO2 étant alors liés à d'autres atomes (Al : Aluminium, Fe : Fer, Mg : Magnésium, Ca : Calcium, Na : Sodium, K : Potassium...). Les silicates sont les constituants principaux du manteau et de l'écorce terrestre. La silice libre est également très abondante dans la nature, sous forme de quartz, de calcédoine et de terre de diatomée. La silice représente 60,6 % de la masse de la croûte terrestre continentale. Tannage minéral Tannage dans lequel interviennent différents minéraux. Le plus répandu est le tannage aux sels de chrome, mais aussi à l’aluminium Température de retrait Vêtements en cuir Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The task of producing garment leathers from goatskins is challenging owing to the compactness of the corium and the roughness of the grain surface, thus, to achieve the characteristics of garment leathers made from hair sheepskins, the choice of tanning system is critical. Treatment with silicates produces leathers, which have good softness and fluffiness. Since silica does not give the desired shrinkage temperature; chromium has been incorporated in the tanning agent. In this present study, a new chrome-silica tanning agent has been prepared to make garment leathers from goatskins with sheep-like characteristics. This tanning agent exhibits additional benefits because of its chrome saving approach. The percentage exhaustion of chrome is increased from a conventional 70 % to 90 % and analysis of spent tan liquor shows reduction in TDS and COD values. The leathers made with this tanning agent are soft, have smooth grain and fluffiness. A hairsheep-like character results from tanning goatskins with this new eco-friendly chrome-silica tanning agent. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : - Materials - Preparation of the chrome-silica tanning agent - Tanning trials - Control - Post tanning - EXAMINATION OF LEATHERS : - Physical methods - Organoleptic properties - Objective assessment of softness - Analysis of spent tan liquor - Scanning Electron Microscopy examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Table 1 : Shrinkage temperature and spent tan liquor analysis - Table 2 : Physical strength characteristics of leathers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tAC-66rbByKxdjzz56aw7qJEJetO__ve/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39706 [article]

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Chromium (VI) formation : thermal studies on chrome salt and chrome tanned hide powder / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 11 (11/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 11 (11/2001) . - p. 444-450 Titre : Chromium (VI) formation : thermal studies on chrome salt and chrome tanned hide powder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 444-450 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In recent times, there has been an upsurge of several reports on the detection of chromium(VI) in leather when tanning was carried out with chromium(III) salts. Various possibilities have been cited for the formation of chromium(VI) in leather. The factors which could bring about the oxidation of chromium(III) to chromium(VI) are photo ageing, thermal ageing and high pH conditions. In this study, the possibility of basic chromium sulphate (BCS) as a source for formation of chromium(VI) in leather has been explored. Thermal studies on BCS and chrome tanned hide powder were carried out at different time intervals. It was observed that oxidation of chromium(III) to chromium(VI) in BCS and chrome tanned hide powder occurred under high temperature conditions. Thus, the influence of temperature on the formation of chromium(VI) has been established. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13U_6dnsbO1MS6QmgOkceMyt5ztHNyGLd/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4351 [article]

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Combination of white minerals with natural tannins : chrome-free tannage for garment leathers / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 2 (03-04/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 2 (03-04/2004) . - p. 76-81 Titre : Combination of white minerals with natural tannins : chrome-free tannage for garment leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; J. R. Rao, Auteur ; B. U. Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 76-81 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Liqueurs de tannage -- Analyse Silice La silice est la forme naturelle du dioxyde de silicium (SiO2) qui entre dans la composition de nombreux minéraux. La silice existe à l'état libre sous différentes formes cristallines ou amorphes et à l'état combiné dans les silicates, les groupes SiO2 étant alors liés à d'autres atomes (Al : Aluminium, Fe : Fer, Mg : Magnésium, Ca : Calcium, Na : Sodium, K : Potassium...). Les silicates sont les constituants principaux du manteau et de l'écorce terrestre. La silice libre est également très abondante dans la nature, sous forme de quartz, de calcédoine et de terre de diatomée. La silice représente 60,6 % de la masse de la croûte terrestre continentale. Tanins Tannage minéral Tannage dans lequel interviennent différents minéraux. Le plus répandu est le tannage aux sels de chrome, mais aussi à l’aluminium Température de retrait Zinc Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : There is a growing need for eco-benign tanning systems owing to stringent environmental regulations. In this present study, a new combination tanning system using zinc, tannic acid and silica has been explored for the manufacture of garment leathers. The amounts of zinc, tannic acid and silica used have been optimised as 10, 10 and 5% respectively. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained is 85°C. The impact of this tanning system on the environment has been assessed by analysing the effluent liquor for zinc, sulphate, BOD, COD and TDS. A significant reduction in BOD, COD and TDS loads has been achieved and the exhaustion of zinc is about 90%. The organoleptic and the strength properties of the garment leathers made using this combination system are generally comparable to those of conventional chrome tanned leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : Materials - Optimization of the amount of zinc, tannic acid and silica for pickle-less tanning - TANNING TRIALS : Physical examination - Analysis of spent tan liquor - Scanning Electron Microscopic examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Optimization of zinc, tannic acid and silicate for pickle-less tanning - ECO-BENIGN IMPACT - Table 1 : Optimization of tannic acid - Table 2 : Optimization of zinc sulphate with and without 10% tannic acid - Table 3 : Shrinkage temperature of leathers tanned using zinc sulphate (10%), tannic acid (10%) with varying amount of sodium metasilicate - Table 4 : Shrinkage temperature of leathers tanned using sodium metasilicate (5%), tannic acid (10%) with varying amount of zinc sulphate - Table 5 : Shrinkage temperature of leathers tanned using sodium metasilicate (5%), zinc sulphate (10%) with varying amount of tannic acid - Table 6 : Physical testing data of control (C) and experimental (E) leathers - Table 7 : Characteristics of spent tan liquor En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tbULNTNE_NwX8bvsqtGw7SPm7W0fS3ZM/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39646 [article]

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Consequence of UV irradiation on the zirconium tanned collagen : a molecular level study / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 12 (12/2008)  

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Cool glove leathers made using thermoresponsive syntans / A. Jaya Prakash in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 12 (12/2014)  

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Cost effective fixing process for post tanning operation / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 3 (03/2010)  

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Hydration in matrix stabilization of collagen fibres : relevance to mechanistic insight into tanning / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 7 (07/2003)  

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Mixed metal tanning using chrome-zinc-silica : A new chrome-saver approach / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 4 (04/2003)  

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Molecular level understanding of tanning using an organo-zirconium complex / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 11 (11/2003)  

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A new chromium-zinc tanning agent : a viable option for less chrome technology / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 5 (05/2002)  

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A new insight into the shrinkage phenomenon of hides and skins / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 11 (11/2001)  

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Quality enhancement of low grade wet blue leathers : up-grading of thin substance in the wet end process / K. Gowthaman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 9 (09/2012)  

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Solving vein marks defects problem through wet end process / K. Gowthaman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIX, N° 9 (09/2014)  

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Stimuli responsive leathers using smart retanning agents / Sangeetha Subramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 6 (06/2012)  

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Studies on phosphonium based combination tanning : less chrome approach / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 9 (09/2011)  

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Tannic acid-phosphonium combination : A versatile chrome-free organic tanning / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 5 (05/2006)  

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Utilization of calcium alginate beads as adsorbent for removal of dyes from tannery wastewaters / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 6 (06/2006)  

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