Alternative process for recovery of chrome(III)-effluents / Jaime Cot in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 92, N° 4 (07-08/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 92, N° 4 (07-08/2008) . - p. 139-149 Titre : Alternative process for recovery of chrome(III)-effluents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jaime Cot, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur ; Pedro J. Celma, Auteur ; F. Fernandez, Auteur ; J. Cot-Gores, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 139-149 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bisulfite de sodium Eaux usées -- Epuration Eaux usées -- Teneur en chrome Fluidisation Glucose Gommes et résines Oxydoréduction Peroxyde d'hydrogène Le peroxyde d'hydrogène (H2O2), communément appelé eau oxygénée ou encore perhydrol (appellation industrielle), est un composé chimique liquide et visqueux, aux puissantes propriétés oxydantes (il est aussi réducteur). C'est donc un agent blanchissant efficace qui sert de désinfectant et (à haute concentration) d'oxydant ou monergol dans les fusées spatiales. Récupération (Déchets, etc.) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : This scheme aims to set up an alternative process to recover chrome(III) from tannery effluents. The use of the conventional technique of alkaline precipitation (magnesium oxide) of chromium(III) is well known from the literature and is in daily practice in tanneries worldwide. This technique may in fact represent the cheapest treatment nowadays; however, the latest economic studies have revealed the influence of parameters that could significantly alter investment costs and thus open a door to alternative processes. The main problems that the precipitation technique carries with it are : - a) the presence of highly masked chrome(III) complexes, difficult to precipitate even in alkaline medium. - b) the speed of precipitation and the density of the precipitate can be a major problem. Sometimes, the application of heat is required. - c) filtration of the precipitate and subsequent drying to remove possibly 30% of the water content of the chromecake (various techniques are used). - d) recovered chrome(III) obtained by re-dissolving the cake with sulphuric acid and final adjustment to 33°Sch basicity can occlude large amounts of highly masked chrome (III) complexes which, in turn, produce uneven dyed grain surfaces ; limiting dyeing to dark shades. Furthermore, basic factors such as energy consumption, the lengthy nature of the overall process, the simple but numerous stages, and limited coverage of fashion colours indicate that an alternative process is possible. This part of the work aims to recover the chromium1 of wastewater coming from the various chrome using processes and, at the same time, to get an effluent that can be used directly without complementary treatments. It is important to give a clearer and detailed idea of the developed process. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Resin selection - Wastewater oxidation process - Wastewater loading - Chromium reduction process - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Equipment and reagents used - Resin Amberlite IRA-96 - Sample preparation - Wastewater load and reduction - Fluidisation system - Fluidisation mechanism (see appendix for symbols) - Calculation off luidisation for the pilot plant - Reduction in a batch system - Table 1 : Amberlite IRA-96 resin characteristics - Table 2 : Optimal operation conditions - Table 3 : Chromium recovered using acid hydrogen peroxide as reducer - Table 4 : Chromium recovered using sodium bisulphite as reducer - Table 5 : Chromium recovered using glucose as reducer En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1k7CnOQf4zEsbildKyaGXxsI_elC93m2i/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38963 [article]

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Auxiliary agents with non-swelling capacity used in pickling-tanning processes - Part 3 / Agusti Marsal in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 5 (09-10/2004) . - p. 191-196 Titre : Auxiliary agents with non-swelling capacity used in pickling-tanning processes - Part 3 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Agusti Marsal, Auteur ; Ramón Palop, Auteur ; V. Frias, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; J. Cot, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 191-196 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents anti-gonflement Bains de trempe -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Epaisseur Eaux usées -- Analyse Epaisseur -- Mesure Naphtalène sulfonique, Acide L'acide naphtalènesulfonique est un composé aromatique de formule brute C10H8O3S, constitué d'un noyau naphtyle substitué par un groupe sulfo. Comme tous les dérivés monosubstitués du naphtalène, il existe sous la forme de deux isomères, selon que le substituant soit en position 1 ("α", ou péri) ou 2 ("β" ou amphi). Synthèse : Au plan commercial, l'acide naphtalènesulfonique est produit par sulfonation du naphtalène, effectuée par la méthode classique à base d'acide sulfurique. Les réacteurs modernes sont revêtus de verre ; les équipements plus anciens étaient en fonte ou recouverts d'émail. En général, la sulfonation du naphtalène conduit à un mélange de produits. La sulfonation du naphtalène à moins de ~100 °C est sous contrôle cinématique et produit principalement de l'acide 1-naphtalènesulfonique. La sulfonation du naphtalène à plus de ~150 °C permet un contrôle thermodynamique de la réaction et l'acide 2-naphtalènesulfonique est alors le produit principal. Dérivés : On appelle "acides naphtalènesulfoniques" les dérivés substitués de l'acide naphtalènesulfonique. Ce sont d'importants précurseur et intermédiaires chimiques, notamment dans la production de colorants, d'agents mouillants, de dispersants, de naphtols et d'entraîneurs d'air pour béton et ciment1. La production de nombreux intermédiaires pour former des colorants azoïques ou de triphénylméthane implique la sulfonation du naphtalène suivie d'une autre opération, par exemple la nitration, la réduction ou l'amination. Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Tannage au chrome Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In the last ten years, the use of various types of aromatic sulphonic acids in the pickling process to prevent swelling has been suggested by many authors. In previous papers, we studied the capacity of four commercial products to prevent acid swelling of hides during pickling: polyacrylic acid, naphthol 3-6-disulphonic acid, p-hydroxydiphenyl sulphonic acid and a blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids. It was found that the best results were obtained using the blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids. This process yielded leathers that could be acceptable as far as physical properties and handle are concerned. However ; this process, which also reduced the chloride content and conductivity of the residual bath when compared with a standard pickling process, presented some disadvantages such as an irregular stratigraphic distribution of chromium and a marked difference of colour between the dyed grain and flesh layers after shaving, when using a conventional chromium tanning salt. This was due to the thickness of the hides (3.0 mm) which caused problems of penetration of the chemicals. In order to solve these disadvantages, the joint use of a mixture of a blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids with a chromium salt of low basicity and high masking capacity was recommended. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Aim of the work - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Starting material - Non-swelling Products - Sodium chloride offer - RESULTS : Thickness after pickling - Thickness and shrinkage temperature after tannage - Analyses of the residual baths of pickling and tanning processes - Table 1 : Treatments with the studied products - Table 2 : Thickness variation (%) after pickling as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 3 : Thickness variation (%) after tanning as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 4 : Shrinkage temperature (°C) as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 5 : Conductivity of the pickling bath (μS/cm) as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 6 : Conductivity of the tanning bath (μS/cm) as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents - Table 7 : Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the pickling bath as a function of both salinity and type and offer of the auxiliary agents En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-1SfLAzYNbmtFc5VZ6JlvEw9olv6rDCd/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39623 [article]

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Auxiliary agents with non-swelling capacity used in pickling-tanning processes - Part 4 / Agusti Marsal in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 6 (11-12/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 6 (11-12/2004) Titre : Auxiliary agents with non-swelling capacity used in pickling-tanning processes - Part 4 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Agusti Marsal, Auteur ; Ramón Palop, Auteur ; V. Frias, Auteur ; M. D. de Castellar, Auteur ; Pedro J. Celma, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents anti-gonflement Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de moutons Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Post-tannage Résistance à la déchirure Résistance à la traction Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The reduction in the use of salt in pickling due to the application of different chemicals with non-swelling capacity - polyacrylic acid, naphthol 3-6-disulphonic acid, p-hydroxydiphenyl sulphonic acid and a blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids- has been studied in previous papers.1-3 These chemicals were applied in the pickling process either alone or with small amount of salt. In Part I1, it was confirmed that the blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids at an offer of 3% (on pelt weight) and at a salinity of 2°Bé could be a valid alternative since it adequately prevented the swelling of hides. Tanning treatments with conventional chromium salts yielded the correct shrinkage temperatures. In Part II2 it was observed that the conventional tanning process of hides pickled with sulphuric acid and 3% (on pelt weight) of the blend of naphthalene and naphthol sulphonic acids at a salinity of 2°Bé yielded leathers that could be acceptable as far as physical properties and handle were concerned. However; these leathers showed an irregular stratigraphic distribution of Cr2O3 and a marked colour difference between grain and flesh sides. Optimization of the tanning process of these hides confirmed that the best results were obtained with a strongly masked chromium salt with a very low basicity. In Part III3, the possible application of chemicals with non-swelling capacity to reduce the use of salt in the pickling process of sheepskins was studied. In this case, the use of a strongly masked chromium salt with a very low basicity in the tanning process was not necessary since conventional tanning salts were adequate. The best results in terms of non-swelling capacity, shrinkage temperature of the tanned hides, conductivity and Chemical Oxygen Demand of the residual baths were achieved under the following conditions: 2% p-hydroxydiphenyl sulphonic acid (salinity 2°Bé); 2% naphthol 3-6-disulphonic acid (salinity 2°Bé) and 4% polyacrylic acid (salinity 2°Bé). Note de contenu : - AIM OF THE WORK - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Pickle and tannage - Process evaluation - RESULTS : Swelling of the pickled/tanned skins - Evaluation of the pickling and tanning residual baths - Leather characteristics - APPENDIX : Chemicals utilized in this work - Table 1 : Comparative study between pickling processes - Table 2 : Post-tanning processes - Table 3 : Thickness variation (%) after pickling/tanning in relation to bating - Table 4 : Evaluation of the pickling and tanning residual baths - Table 5 : Leather characteristics as a function of the pickling process - Table 6 : Tensile strength (IUP 6) - Table 7 : Tear Resistance (IUP 8) - Table 8 : Measurement of distension and strength of the grain by the Ball Burst Test (IUP 9) En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KGJNb1N6N3BJ-enzwHjtuzRzbeI92kqw/view?usp=shari [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39617 [article]

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Collagen thermal transitions in chrome leather - thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry / Teresa Bosch in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 11 (11/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 11 (11/2002) . - p. 441-450 Titre : Collagen thermal transitions in chrome leather - thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Teresa Bosch, Auteur ; Heinz-Peter Germann, Auteur ; Hans-Jürgen Kellert, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur ; Jaime Cot, Auteur ; Josep Carilla, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 441-450 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Thermal analysis of chrome bovine leather was performed by means of thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass-transition, the crystallisation and the denaturation temperatures of the collagen molecule within the leather matrix were measured. At low moisture content one single endothermic peak which corresponds to the denaturation process of leather and the evaporation of water was detected. At higher moisture contents two endothermic peaks were detected, the first one corresponding to denaturation and the second one to evaporation of water. The temperature of the low-temperature peak decreased as the water content increased. At much higher moisture content the low temperature peak maintained its temperature being equal to the shrinkage temperature of leather determined by the IUP-16 standard method. The glass transition of room-conditioned leather determined by DSC in sealed pans was approx. 45ºC. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OSRHz_EOt-pe-ehkSSADOHi9EFL35QBe/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4244 [article]

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Design of a pilot plant for complete processing of by-products of the tanning industry. Preparation of a collagenic material with "zero" chrome content / J. Cot in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXVI, N° 4 (04/1991)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXVI, N° 4 (04/1991) . - p. 141-158 Titre : Design of a pilot plant for complete processing of by-products of the tanning industry. Preparation of a collagenic material with "zero" chrome content Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Cot, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur ; C. Aramon, Auteur ; M. Baucells, Auteur ; M. Roura, Auteur ; G. Lacort, Auteur Année de publication : 1991 Article en page(s) : p. 141-158 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I48t7HRlpSGblpkvJ0PiVBLgzfGj6_S9/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8547 [article]

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006879	-	Périodique	Bibliothèque principale	Documentaires	Disponible

Design of a pilot plant for complete processing of tanning industry by-products. Preparation of a collagenic material with zero chrome level / J. Cot in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 75 (Année 1991)  

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Determination of formaldehyde content in leather : EN ISO 17226 standard. Influence of the agitation method used in the initial phase of formaldehyde extraction / Albert M. Manich in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXII, N° 5 (05/2017)  

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Determination of parameters which influence the measurement of leather's surface friction / A. J. Long in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 84, N° 3 (05-06/2000)  

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Determination of the collagen thermal transitions in chrome leather by TMA / Albert M. Manich in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 7 (07/2003)  

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Effect of fatliquoring on grain and corium quality of leather assessed by ball bursting and tearing tests / Albert M. Manich in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 4 (04/2016)  

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Effect of fatliquoring on leather comfort. Part III : Moisture absorption-desorption of leather / Albert M. Manich in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXII, N° 10 (10/2017)  

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Elasticity and setting of stretched leather / Albert M. Manich in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 2 (02/2007)  

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Factors that influence the physical properties of goatskins : polymeric derivatives and optimization of the process / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 5 (05/2008)  

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Factors that influence the physical properties of goatskins : vegetable retanning agent and sulphated fatty alcohol / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 9 (09/2007)  

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Influence of finishing formulations on static charge dissipation of leather / Agusti Marsal in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 82, N° 2 (03-04/1998)

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Influence of neutralization and fatliquoring processes on the charasteristics of goatskins / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 5 (05/2007)  

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Influence of retanning and fatliquoring processes on the characteristics of goatskins / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 11 (11/2006)  

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Investigation of parameters which influence the measurement of leather compressibility / A. J. Long in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 84, N° 3 (05-06/2000)  

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Investigation of a test for leather bagginess (retained stet) / A. J. Long in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 84, N° 5 (09-10/2000)  

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Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part III : Interaction with synthetic and vegetable retanning agents / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 2 (03-04/2010)  

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