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Gasification : Achieving zero waste / Warren Bowden in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 1 (01/2003)
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Titre : Gasification : Achieving zero waste Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Warren Bowden, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 19-26 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Tanneries generate considerable quantities of sludge, shavings, trimmings, hair, buffing dusts and other general wastes as a natural consequence of leather production. On a daily basis, this mass of wet solid wastes can exceed the mass of hides received and processed. Tanneries are also major energy users, which according to Best Practice requires up to 30 kW of energy to "produce" a single finished hide. The waste disposed, usually to landfill, contains more than half of the energy value of coal, at 20 MJ/ kg (10 B.t.u./lb) and if recovered and converted into useful energy could satisfy all of a tannery's own heat energy requirement for leather processing. The pressures upon global landfill disposal are growing, via restrictions to disposal routes and increases to costs/ ton, in parallel with international demands to increase the use of renewable energy. The BLC Combined Drying and Gasification process accommodates both demands; by elimination of tannery solid wastes, whilst providing a combustible gas as a tax-exempt renewable energy source which the tannery can directly reuse. The ash can also be sold as chrome3+ containing ash for reconstitution. This has been achieved via pilot scale, prototype and now demonstration scale plant. These trials have illustrated that up to 70% of the intrinsic energy value of the wastes currently disposed, can be recovered as "synthesis gas" energy. This can be put to useful work, in both drying the wastes pre gasification and as an energy source for the tannery's own boilers (furnaces) CHP or electricity export from the site. At least 60% of the syngas energy recovered is surplus to the gasification process requirements and can be reused by the tannery directly. On full scale, this thermal energy available to the tannery could be equal to that thermal energy actually consumed during leather manufacture. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zGRMLgIrse-vl05Yp-BQexSknZT6CKW7/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4091
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 1 (01/2003) . - p. 19-26[article]Réservation
Réserver ce documentThe use and subsequent treatment of surfactants for leather processing / Rumon A. Hankey in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 6 (06/2001)
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Titre : The use and subsequent treatment of surfactants for leather processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rumon A. Hankey, Auteur ; V. L. Addy, Auteur ; K. Senior, Auteur ; D. A. Langridge, Auteur ; Warren Bowden, Auteur ; W. Scholz, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 205-213 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The appropriate choice of the type of surfactant for degreasing is very important. In today's environment, pressures from 'green' issues limit the choice of type of degreaser used. The method of comparing degreasers for use in bovine soaking and liming systems is discussed along with the screening of suitable alternatives to Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate based degreasers. The volume of the grease emulsion in the waste water can be reduced by the use of ultrafiltration. Alkyl phenol ethoxylates function as effective surfactants. More specifically, nonyl phenol ethoxylates (NPE) exhibit excellent wetting and emulsification properties which has resulted in their use as cost effective detergents for the leather industry. Recently, however, their use has been questioned due to environmental concerns. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate commercially available alternative surfactants to nonyl phenol ethoxylate (NPE) based products for the removal of dermal fat from bovine hides. The performance of the surfactants was tested, initially using a model system based on extracted bovine subcutaneous lipid. Subsequently the best four products (tested under the conditions of the assay) were evaluated in small-scale trials. The assay system proved effective for differentiating between good and poor emulsifiers of bovine fat. Four products were selected for exhibiting performance equal to the NPE based products.These products were subsequently evaluated in soaking and liming trials in the production of bovine wet blue. Each of the surfactants gave performance equivalent to that given by the NPE based products. However, the levels of intra-dermal fat were low, in the region of 1.0% and meaningful quantitative analysis was therefore difficult. This suggests that problematic degreasing in bovine processing may originate from poorly fleshed hides rather than residual intra-dermal fat. There was no evidence of redeposition of fat into the wet blue. In conclusion, a number of surfactant products that give acceptable removal of hide fat and contain no NPE have been identified. Their use in full-scale production has not been evaluated within the scope of this project. Two techniques for determining the amount of surfactant present in liquors and leather have been evaluated and developed. The combination of these analytical techniques may enable further optimisation of processes with a view to allowing an overall reduction in offers of surfactants used. The treatment of surfactants in the waste water treatment plant is difficult. Progress has been made by the use of ultrafiltration to remove up to approximately 90% of grease-emulsion from waste streams. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tGm3R7dvS2HHvAyZLPsZToUHFHE84FP-/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4372
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 6 (06/2001) . - p. 205-213[article]Réservation
Réserver ce documentThe world's lowest carbon automotive leather / Martin Ricker in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 49 (09-10/2021)
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Titre : The world's lowest carbon automotive leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Martin Ricker, Intervieweur ; Warren Bowden, Personne interviewée Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 50-52 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bilan des émissions de gaz à effets de serre
Chimie écologique
Cuir dans les automobiles
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Durée de vie (Ingénierie)
Gaz à effet de serre -- RéductionIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In early July, Bridge of Weir, part of the Scottish Leather Group (SLG), released lifecycle analysis data for their lowest ever carbon footprint automotive leather. Martin Ricker, ILM Content Director, spoke with Dr Warren Bowden, Innovation and Sustainability Director at SLG, to find out more. Note de contenu : - Bio-based chemicals
- End of life and the Higg IndexEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ouyHATY66D8YH9R9H6MnLlDTavoztSko/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36195
in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 49 (09-10/2021) . - p. 50-52[article]Réservation
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