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Auteur G. Swaminathan |
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Application of power ultrasound in the fatliquoring process / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005)
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Titre : Application of power ultrasound in the fatliquoring process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur ; G. Swaminathan, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 187-195 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Fatliquoring experiments have been carried out with ultrasound under stationary conditions and compared with the process in the absence of ultrasound under stationary as well as dynamic drumming condition. Type of fatliquors such as vegetable, semi synthetic and synthetic fatliquors have been studied. Variation in process parameters like ultrasonic output power, amount of fatliquor, and temperature have also been studied. The results show improvement about 2.5, 1.8, 1.5 times in the fat uptake in leather due to ultrasound for vegetable, semi synthetic and synthetic based fatliquors respectively. The observed order of improvement, vegetable > synthetic fatliquor is in agreement with the hindrance generally expected for fatliquors during penetration as indicated by emulsion particle size and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) data. Therefore, ultrasound is useful for more difficult fatliquoring conditions. The results also indicate that ultrasound under stationary conditions is comparable or better than dynamic drumming conditions. The effects of ultrasound due to pre-sonication and on the viscosity of the fatliquor have also been studied. Leather fiber stricture has been analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and found to be more regular and improved by ultrasound aided processing. The studies indicate ultrasound promotes effective emulsification of the fatliquor in water systems rendering better penetration and more uniform distribution through the leather matrix. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m_KAS6enFsf1LaFgGKXa8k_DP2hl_vJy/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4066
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005) . - p. 187-195[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 002056 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Titanium/chrome combination tannage : an alternative eco-friendly tanning system for upper leather manufacture / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 210, N° 4785 (06/2008)
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Titre : Titanium/chrome combination tannage : an alternative eco-friendly tanning system for upper leather manufacture Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; K. Jeyaraj, Auteur ; R. Chandrasekar, Auteur ; G. Swaminathan, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 32-36 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome
Cuirs et peaux
Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnement
TitaneIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : A titanium/chrome combination tanning system has been studied with a view to reducing the environmental concerns associated with using chromium salts alone for tanning. Globally, there is an increasing need for environmentally friendly upper material for footwear manufacture and titanium is a tanning agent found to be eco-friendly in nature. Hence, titanium tanning in combination with chrome for upper leather has been studied in this paper.
The results indicate higher chrome uptake in combination with titanium salts and this leads to less discharge of chrome in the effluent. In addition, the strength and other functional properties of these leathers were found to be on par with conventional chrome tanned control leathers.
This process also enjoys better fullness and dyeing characteristics as compared with control leathers. The present study clearly indicates the titanium/chromium combination tanning system for upper leather as a potential viable eco-friendly option for tanners.En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YlFhGf48St2QxegWaU_ryt5ax5KN5mpk/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9846
in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 210, N° 4785 (06/2008) . - p. 32-36[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 010480 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Ultrasound assisted enhancement in wattle bark (Acacia Mollissima) vegetable tanning extraction for leather processing / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 11 (11/2009)
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Titre : Ultrasound assisted enhancement in wattle bark (Acacia Mollissima) vegetable tanning extraction for leather processing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; G. Swaminathan ; P. Srinandini ; V. Shriram ; J. Jayapriya, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux
TannageIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : This paper analyzes the effect of ultrasound on a batch wattle bark tannin extraction process. Extraction from wattle bark presents a unique case of a two-component system in the form of condensed tannins and non-tannins. Hence, quantitative analysis of tannin content in the extract by spectrophotometery as well as total extracts analysis has been performed. The influence of various process parameters such as ultrasonic power, time, agitation and temperature on extraction has been studied. The results show significant 2-3 and 1.2-1.7 fold improvement respectively for total extract and tannin content due to the use of ultrasound 40-120 W as compared to control at 30°C suggesting mass transfer enhancement in leaching of strongly bound tannins from wattle bark due to ultrasound. The results indicate total extract and tannins obtained in ultrasonic process (80 W), devoid of external heating is better than control at 30°C. Better total extraction and comparable tannin content obtained using ultrasound, 120 W when compared to control at 60°C. Efficacy of tannin extract has been analyzed which indicates significant improvement in rate of tannin uptake for ultrasonic extract as compared to control extract by the bovine pelt. Therefore, the present study clearly indicates use of ultrasond in wattle tannin extraction is a viable enhancement with added advantages even dispensing with external heating. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SVkD-hx9VgcIZye6wptdeVMBzrgq1YDQ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6386
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 011708 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Use of ultrasound in soaking for improved efficiency / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 88, N° 6 (11-12/2004)
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Titre : Use of ultrasound in soaking for improved efficiency Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur ; G. Swaminathan, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 249-251 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bains de trempe -- Analyse
Bains de trempe -- Teneur en chlorure de sodium
Bains de trempe -- Teneur en solides
Cuirs et peaux de chèvres
Déchets -- Elimination
Peaux brutes -- Trempe
Peaux salées
Solides
UltrasonsIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The length of the soaking process plays a vital role in leather making; prolonged soaking may encourage putrefaction of the skin, thus there is a need to improve the efficiency of the soaking process. Power ultrasound has been employed with the aim of shortening process time.Two types of equipment were used, an ultrasonic cleaner (33 kHz) and an ultrasonic probe (20 kHz) in comparative experiments with static soaking. The efficiency of the soaking process was evaluated in terms of the removal of solids from wet-salted skin - a combination of salt, dirt, blood and soluble protein. We also studied the rate of water uptake of air-dried skins.
The results showed a 44% increase in solids removal by ultrasound in 1 hour soaking of wet salted goat skin. In the case of air-dried skins ultrasound reduced the soaking time by up to 75%. Analysis of the hydroxyproline content in the spent soak liquor indicates that the skin material is not adversely affected by ultrasound in soaking.
Efficiency of the soaking process has been evaluated from the removal of total solids from the wet-salted skin comprising salt, dirt, blood and soluble proteins. The rate of uptake of water in case of air-dried skins during the soaking process has also been studied ; the results show that soaking in the presence of ultrasound could reduce the soaking time by up to 75%.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Ultrasonic set-up
- MATERIALS AND METHODS : Soaking of salted goat skin - Soaking of air-dried skin (based on air-dried skin weight)
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Soaking of salted goat skin - Hydroxy proline content in spent liquor - Mechanisms for the improvement with ultrasound
- Table 1 : Total solids content in the spent liquor after 1 hour soaking of wetsalted goat skin both with and without ultrasound
- Table 2 : Sodium chloride content in the spent liquor after 1 hour soaking of wet-salted goat skin both with and without ultrasound
- Table 3 : Hydroxy proline analysis of spent soak, (Ultrasonic probe: 80W) at 30°C
- Table 4 : The effect of ultrasound (Ultrasonic probe: 100W) on water uptake in the soaking of air-dried goat skinEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gw-s2geYB2ZtGYH0KL2qhA59Q0FQQvpP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39618
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 88, N° 6 (11-12/2004) . - p. 249-251[article]Exemplaires
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