An investigation of the ethiopian tanning industry's competitiveness / Fitsum Etefa Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 2 (02/2023)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVIII, N° 2 (02/2023) . - p. 59-66 Titre : An investigation of the ethiopian tanning industry's competitiveness Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fitsum Etefa Ahmed, Auteur ; Melkamu Mengistenew Teshome, Auteur ; Awoke Fenta Wodag, Auteur ; Aragaw Bizualem Kassie, Auteur ; Tamrat Tesfaye, Auteur ; Kefyalew Alemayehu Wondmagegn, Auteur ; Lwubtujuibe Lwubtuguha, Auteur ; Hailekiros Debesay, Auteur ; Lijalem Melie Tesfaw, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 59-66 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Compétitivité (économie politique) Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Ethiopie Tanneries -- Ethiopie Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Ethiopia’s leather development plan has prioritized the tanning industry in order to accelerate the sector’s growth. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that allow and prohibit Ethiopian tanning industries from coping with competitive challenges, as well as the competitive advantages and drawbacks that the tanning industry faces.The study followed a primary and secondary data collection methods, which included both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the study, 13 functioning tanneries in the country involved in leather production from 2020 to 2021 were investigated. The study data were collected through distributing structured questionnaire and having interviews with tanning industry top management body (i.e. managers, directors, and heads). The study results are presented in forms of the mean and standard deviation. The study findings revealed that the tanning industry competitiveness is low due to different determinates factors. With the exception of the country’s natural resource endowment in hides and skins and low labor cost availability, all determinants of competitiveness (raw material, infrastructure, skilled labor, industry and institution linkage, capital and managerial capability, and government policy) are found to be insignificant. Similarly, the tanning industry’s ability to use its cost advantage in raw hides and skins and maintain its market share on the domestic and international market is limited by poor quality of locally supplied raw material, lack of strong supporting institutions and association’s, lack of infrastructure, capital and managerial capability, poor industry and institution linkage as well as factors such as scarcity of skilled labor and raw materials (chemicals and spare parts). In order to enhance the competitiveness of the tanning industry in the country, the industry, government and stakeholders need to work in collaboration in creating strong supporting industries, fulfilling infrastructure, providing investment capital, and supplying experienced managers and skilled workers. Note de contenu : - METHODOLOGY : Data collection - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Method of data processing and analysis - General information of respondent - General information of the tanning industry - Tanning industry ownership status - Analysis of determinant factors of competitiveness - Raw material determinant factors of competitivness - Infrastructure determinant factors of competitiveness - Industry and institution linkage determinant factors of competitiveness - Skilled labor determinant factors of competitiveness - Government policy dterminant factors of competitiveness : Government policy as a factor - Fapital and managerial capability determinant factors of competitiveness - Competitiveness measure factors - Table 1 : Respondent position in the tanning industries - Table 2 : Name and place of the tanning industries available - Table 3 : Ownership of tanning industry - Table 4 : The degree of mean scores based on the criteria for clas interval scale rating - Table 5 : Raw material determinant factors of competitiveness - Table 6 : Infrastructure determinant factors of competitiveness - Table 7 : Industry and institution linkage determinant factors of competitiveness - Table 8 : Skilled labor determinant factors of competitiveness - Table 9 : Government policy determinant factors of competitiveness - Table 10 : Capital and managerial capability determinant factors of competitivnesss - Table 11 : Competitiveness measure factors En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rrySHeKtEQaX7818mtvQm1zToRLg2jtl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38812 [article]

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Anti-ectoparasite activity of medicinal herbal plant in terms of reducing ectoparasites effect on sheep and goat skins / Fitsum Etefa Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 11 (11/2023)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVIII, N° 11 (11/2023) . - p. 462-473 Titre : Anti-ectoparasite activity of medicinal herbal plant in terms of reducing ectoparasites effect on sheep and goat skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fitsum Etefa Ahmed, Auteur ; Aschalew Shitu, Auteur ; Zerihun Teshome, Auteur ; Endalamaw Yihune, Auteur ; Misganaw Bitew, Auteur ; Mekonnen Fenta Haile, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 462-473 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Alcaloïdes Analyse de variance En statistique, l'analyse de la variance (terme souvent abrégé par le terme anglais ANOVA : ANalysis Of VAriance) est un ensemble de modèles statistiques utilisés pour vérifier si les moyennes des groupes proviennent d'une même population. Les groupes correspondent aux modalités d'une variable qualitative (p. ex. variable : traitement; modalités : programme d'entrainement sportif, suppléments alimentaires ; placebo) et les moyennes sont calculés à partir d'une variable continue (p. ex. gain musculaire). Ce test s'applique lorsque l'on mesure une ou plusieurs variables explicatives catégorielles (appelées alors facteurs de variabilité, leurs différentes modalités étant parfois appelées "niveaux") qui ont de l'influence sur la loi d'une variable continue à expliquer. On parle d'analyse à un facteur lorsque l'analyse porte sur un modèle décrit par un seul facteur de variabilité, d'analyse à deux facteurs ou d'analyse multifactorielle sinon. (Wikipedia) Analyse quantitative (chimie) Chimie végétale Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Cuirs et peaux de moutons Ectoparasites Ectoparasiticides Extraits de plantes Extraits de plantes:Extraits (pharmacie) Flavonoïdes Phénols Plantes médicinales Saponines Tanins Test d'immersion Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Ethiopia has one of the world’s largest livestock resources. However, the effects of disease, inadequate nutrition and management constrain the potential of this resource. Ectoparasites are one of the primary contributing factors in the tanneries for sheep and goat skin rejection. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of medicinal herbal plant extracts on ectoparasites (ticks) on small ruminants in Ethiopia. According to scientific and ethnomedical data gathered from respondents (farmers), the plant species P. dodecandra, E. globulus, C. macrostachyus, J. schimperiana, and C. aurea were used (by farmers) for the study. Phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols and saponins, tannins. Ticks from small ruminants (i.e goat and sheep) were collected and an in vitro adult tick immersion test was carried out using concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml of all medicinal plant extracts. The temporal tick mortality was observed within 24-hours. In order to compare the results, distilled water and 12.5% amitraz was used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After 24 hours of exposure, P. dodecandra, J. schimperiana, and C. macrostachyus extracts had a moderate (60%) effect on tick mortality; however, C. aurea extract at 100 mg/ml and E. globulus extract at 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml had the highest mortality rate (80%). The study found that following in vitro treatment for the studied plants, the mean tick mortality increased considerably with increasing concentration and exposure duration. The existence of phytochemicals (active ingredients) in several plants, such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponin, etc., may be the cause of their anti-ectoparasite effects. The study’s findings suggested that these plants might be crucial in reducing the need for chemical based medicines as well as managing the population of resistant ticks in an environmentally friendly manner. Note de contenu : - DATA COLLECTION - EXPERIMENTAL : Plant collection and drying - Extract preparation - Phytochemical analysis - Test for flavonoids - Test for alkaloids - Test for phenols - Test for tannin - Test for saponins - Adult immersion test - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Preliminary qualitative analysis - Flavonoids detection - Alkaloids detection - Phenols detection - Tannin detection - Saponins detection - FTIR analysis - Adult immersion test - MODE OF ACTION - Table 1 : List of medicinal plants used for the treatment of ectoparasite in the area - Table 2 : Phytochemical analysis - Table 3 : Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i11.8240 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wPxcCthkKs4jn4VDBLUYtjK1zOVJ8Isl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40045 [article]

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Development of leather cutting board from plastic waste / Fitsum Etefa Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021) . - p. 443-452 Titre : Development of leather cutting board from plastic waste Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fitsum Etefa Ahmed, Auteur ; Rotick K. Gideon, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 443-452 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Coupe Coût-Efficacité Cuir, Travail du Cuirs et peaux -- Appareils et matériels Essais dynamiques Matières plastiques -- Recyclage Planche à découper Polyéthylène haute densité Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Cutting is the process in which goods or garment material are cut and converted into pattern shapes of the goods or garment components. There are two methods of Leather cutting, which are hand cutting and machine cutting. Hand cutting is done with the use of hand knife, cutting board and cutting patterns. Machine cutting can be done using semi-automatic cutting machines or fully-automatic cutting machines. Currently, in Ethiopia, different local and foreign investors are participating in leather products manufacturing. Most of the leather product manufacturing industry and some Small and Medium enterprise’s (SME’s) in the country are using leather cutting machines in order to cut leather goods or garment parts. Most of the industry and SMEs are using imported cutting board made of plastics and rubbers. However, these cutting boards are expensive. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Plastic and plastic board - High density polyethylene (HDPE) - Plastic additives - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Methods of data collection - Research design and method - Method of HDPE plastic waste amount estimation - Cutting board development procedures - Cutting board development - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Amount of input mold material and output developed mold weight analysis - Cost analysis - Cutting board physical properties testing - Compression test for cutting board purchased from market (standard) - Compression test result for cutting board purchased from market - Compression test for developed cutting board - Compression test result for developed cutting board - Hardness test - Table 1 : Composition & generation rate of the waste at Bahir Dar city - Table 2 : Material used for cutting board development - Table 3 : Amount of input mold material and output mold weight - Table 4 : Developed cutting board cost analysis - Table 5 : Hardness test for standard cutting board (market) and developed cutting board DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i12.4689 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VwqOuejYtTU4ZIg0cVvG7USlTGi_nHhM/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36784 [article]

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Potential of water hyacinth leaves extract as a leather tanning agent / Fitsum Etefa Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 9 (09/2022) . - p. 391-399 Titre : Potential of water hyacinth leaves extract as a leather tanning agent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fitsum Etefa Ahmed, Auteur ; Gemeda Gebino Gelebo, Auteur ; Belay Meles Gebre, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 391-399 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chimie végétale Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Extraits de plantes Jacinthe d'eau et constituants La jacinthe d'eau ou camalote (Eichhornia crassipes) est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Pontederiaceae, originaire d'Amérique du Sud. Ce sont des plantes aquatiques des rivières, canaux et lacs des régions tropicales. On pense que la jacinthe d'eau provient de la cuvette amazonienne et des grands lacs et marais de la région du Pantanal dans l'ouest du Brésil. L'espèce fait partie des 100 pires espèces envahissantes selon l'UICN. Tanins végétaux Tannage végétal Température de retrait Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Potential of Water Hyacinth Leaves Extract as a Leather Tanning Agent Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is listed as one of the worst aquatic plants in the world and its presence in Lake Tana in Ethiopia has been recognized since 2011. Currently, the plant coverage in the lake is increasing and very limited studies have been conducted in the country on practical application of water hyacinth. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals, functional groups and Tannin content of the water hyacinth plant found in the Lake, which could serve as a vegetable tanning agent. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the quality tannin in the plant stem and leaves. On phytochemical analysis of the dried material, the tannin content was found to be 4.1% for leaves and 2.7% for stem parts. As the tannin content of the leaves was higher than the stem parts, leather tanning conducted using the 10% wt and 20% wt leaves and the quality of tanned leathers was evaluated and compared with the leather made from quebracho vegetable tanning material as a control. Most properties of leathers tanned using the leaves met the minimum specified standards for leather product manufacturing, which includes tearing strength > 45 N, percent elongation at break > 42% distension at grain crack > 6.5 mm, and distension at burst >7.8 mm. Even though shrinkage temperature is one of the most important parameters in determining the thermal stability of leather, the leather tanned with leaves extract had a shrinkage temperature of 52°C, which is lower than the standard limit (75°C) for leather product manufacturing. This indicated that, the crosslinking reaction between the hide (collagen fibers) and tannins (leaves) was weaker, implying that the leather would not be as durable or of higher quality. Similarly, the maximum tensile strength of tanned leather was 7.2 N/mm2, which is lower than the standard requirement (20 N/mm2) for leather product manufacturing. Therefore, water hyacinth leaves extract has limited potential as a vegetable tanning agent, and the tanned leather will not be used to make leather products that requires good thermal resistance and strength. On the other hand, the tanned leather may be utilized for leather products that need minimal tensile strain and thermal property requirements such as leather photo frames, sketchbook leather bound, etc. Since water hyacinth tannin is less than ideal as a tanning agent due the minimum shrinkage temperature and tensile strength of the tanned leather, the potential of the plant as a retanning agent should be studied in future. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Water hyacinth infestation in lake Tana, Ethiopia - METHODOLOGY : Methods - Plant collection and drying - Percentage yield of dried water hyacinth plant leaves and stems parts - Plant powder preparation - Extract preparation - Phytochemical tests - Beam house operations - Vegetable tanning operations - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Flavonoids detection - Saponins detection - Phenols detection - Tannin detection - Alkaloids detection - Starch detection - Protein detection - Tannin and tannin content determination by hide powder method - Physical characteristics of vegetable tanned leather - Tearing strength - Shrinkage temperature - Grain crack and grain burst - Tensile strength - Elongation analysis - Thickness (mm) - Table 1 : Beam house operations recipe and procedure - Table 2 : Vegetable tanning operations recipe and procedure - Table 3 : Phytochemical analysis of water hyacinth leaves and stems parts - Table 4 : Tannins content found in the water hyacinth plant's leaves and stems - Table 5 : Physical test results of vegetable tanned leather DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i9.6169 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ni2fOXS2WI1btMYHj2_J70BsoOcJ-JeH/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38078 [article]

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