Lime speck / Mary Dempsey in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 58 (Année 1974)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 58 (Année 1974) . - p. 12-15 Titre : Lime speck Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mary Dempsey, Auteur ; I. R. Hughes, Auteur Année de publication : 1974 Article en page(s) : p. 12-15 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chaulage Chaux Cuirs et peaux Taches Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Lime speck, which is first clearly recognised in the pickled pelt as white spots or areas, was experimentally shown to originate in the painted skin According to X-ray analysis and microscopical examination the defect is due to gypsum (CaS042H20) within the grain layer. While painted skin piled for one day before pulling remained clear, skin piled for three days or four days developed speck. The effect was aggravated at raised temperature and by drying, though skin which was still moist at the end of piling could also become speckled. X-ray analysis of limed, bated, and pickled pelts showed that calcium carbonate (in the form of calcite) was the precursor in the limed pelt of speck in the pickled. Nevertheless, calcium carbonate present as calcite in the lime used for the paint did not affect the incidence of speck. It appears that calcite as precursor is formed in situ and, so long as sufficient calcium ions and carbon dioxide are available, will form if, during piling, water is extracted from the system by the collagen fibres (tending to plump under the alkaline conditions) or by the fleece (competing with the pelt for water) or by evaporative drying. The small amount of calcite found in the clear limed pelt appeared to have been directly transformed into gypsum in the clear pickled pelt, but an intermediate, vaterite—another form of calcium carbonate—occurred in the affected bated pelt: its role in the transformation to gypsum is not understood. The practical implications of the work are: duration of piling should be kept short, skins should be piled cool and in a cool place, conditions encouraging skins to heat in pile and conditions that could allow evaporative drying to start should be avoided. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENT I : The effect of drying and duration in pile - X-ray diffusion analysis - Results - EXPERIMENT II : The effect of composition of the lime used, duration and temperature in pile, and position of the pelt in pile - Results - Table 1 : Composition of lime (Exp. II) - Table 2 : Effect on duration and temperature on incidence of speck - Fig. 1 : Section through grain of speckled pelt, where the spots were discrete. Photographed between partially - Fig. 2 : Diagram to show the piling of pieces in Experiment I, B and C En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/14h849ao9XmG_6ZyJI6mHyymq23GVqeb4/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35481 [article]

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Mould growth on pickled pelt / J. C. Glover in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 59 (Année 1975)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 59 (Année 1975) . - p. 74-78 Titre : Mould growth on pickled pelt Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. C. Glover, Auteur ; I. R. Hughes, Auteur ; G. W. Vivian, Auteur Année de publication : 1975 Article en page(s) : p. 74-78 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acides Antifongiques Champignons microscopiques Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Plan d'expérience Sels Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Factorial experiments have been used to study some factors affecting mould growth on pickled pelt. Increasing acid and salt levels in pickle were found to inhibit mould growth and pressing, to reduce moisture content, to encourage it. Nineteen fungicides have been tested and a screening criterion established. Fungicides meeting this criterion are listed as effective agents for preventing mould growth on pickled pelts. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN - RESULTS : Effect of pressing - Effects of acid and salt - Effects of fungicides - Effect of fungicides on tannages - DISCUSSION : Effect of pressing - Effects of acid and salt levels - Effect of fungicide En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QBx7qeoOpWPoNu52yDghI_FmtfoRqKfs/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31833 [article]

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Mould growth on pickled pelt / J. C. Glover in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 59, N° 3 (05-06/1975)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 59, N° 3 (05-06/1975) . - p. 74-78 Titre : Mould growth on pickled pelt Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. C. Glover, Auteur ; I. R. Hughes, Auteur ; G. W. Vivian, Auteur Année de publication : 1975 Article en page(s) : p. 74-78 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acides Antifongiques Champignons microscopiques Picklage Le picklage consiste à faire absorber à la peau en tripe une quantité importante d'acide, en présence de sel neutre (NaCl) pour réprimer le gonflement que provoquerait l'acidité du milieu. Plan d'expérience Sels Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Factorial experiments have been used to study some factors affecting mould growth on pickled pelt. Increasing acid and salt levels in pickle were found to inhibit mould growth and pressing, to reduce moisture content, to encourage it. Nineteen fungicides have been tested and a screening criterion established. Fungicides meeting this criterion are listed as effective agents for preventing mould growth on pickled pelts. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN - RESULTS : Effect of pressing - Effects of acid and salt - Effects of fungicides - Effect of fungicides on tannages - DISCUSSION : Effect of pressing - Effects of acid and salt levels - Effect of fungicide En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QBx7qeoOpWPoNu52yDghI_FmtfoRqKfs/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31860 [article]

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Temporary preservation of hides using boric acid / I. R. Hughes in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 58 (Année 1974)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 58 (Année 1974) . - p. 100-103 Titre : Temporary preservation of hides using boric acid Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : I. R. Hughes, Auteur Année de publication : 1974 Article en page(s) : p. 100-103 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Borique, Acide Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The use of boric acid for temporary preservation of hides has been investigated. Cuttings, soaked for 15 min in saturated boric acid solution, were stored for five days at 30°c before attaining a volatile to total nitrogen ratio of 1%. Untreated cuttings attained this value in two days. In a laboratory experiment a boric acid bath was used 50 times without losing effectiveness. In a pilot scale experiment nine batches of hides, totalling 3100 kg, were soaked and stored for up to 29 days at 14°c. Leather from the boric acid treated, green and wet salted hides did not differ significantly in appearance or physical properties. Note de contenu : - Figure : Frozen section of ox hide 22 days after boric acid treatment. X 50, stained azure A. The epidermis is adherent and the hair tight - Table 1 : Boric acid contents and storage lives of hide pieces soaked for different times - Table 2 : Boric acid contents and storage lives of hide pieces soaked consecutively for 15 min En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TWxVhJrvr2X6pGgoJKjBeJ0JuqUQPYdj/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35485 [article]

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The rapid fellmongering of New Zealand skins / Mary Dempsey in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978) . - p. 108-113 Titre : The rapid fellmongering of New Zealand skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mary Dempsey, Auteur ; J. Haarer, Auteur ; I. R. Hughes, Auteur ; G. W. Vivian, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 108-113 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chaulage Délainage Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In experiments on rapid processing of pelts with paints made of sodium sulphide and caustic soda thickened with lime, good pull was achieved after 2 h with a paint at 2000 mgEq NaOH/1 containing not less than 6° Bé sodium sulphide (4 % Na2S). The temperature in pile was controlled by the temperature of the pelt at painting. Raising the temperature in pile (18° was compared to 22°c) favoured wool loosening but unduly loosened the "scud" (epidermal residue left over the pelt) especially if the paint contained a high amount of caustic soda. After a 2 h wool pull and liming at cool temperatures (16° was compared with 26°c falling to 23° overnight) the pelt was more mottled than the normal current production. Liming at 32°c and pH 12.5 reduced mottle to a level satisfactory for nappa leathei and gave fuller feeling leather, but one of three cooperating tanners found some dull grain in leather from 2 h pull and warm liming. Liming at 32°c may be dangerously warm for works conditions: temperature not higher than 28 ° is recommended. The relation between the blood vessels in the skin and plumping on the one hand and, on the other, increased temperature and opening up of the fibre structure explains the development of mottle and its avoidance by warm liming. Note de contenu : - Preliminary tests - Experiment I - Experiment II - Results : Works reports - Laboratory report - Experiment III - Table 1 : The effect of alkalinity - Table 2 : Pulling (Experiment I) - Table 3 : The lime liquors (Experiment I) - Table 4 : Analyses of paint (experiment II) (mgEq NaOH/I) - Table 5 : Assessment of sample plets (experiment II) - Fig. 1 : Blood vessels and mottle. The collagen fibres are closely woven round the blood vessel and less compactly interwoven elsewhere. The diagram roughly indicates the flow of the fibres in the weave pattern of the pelt - Fig. 2 : Milk lamb pelt of normal production. The section has not quite gone along the blood vessel and the hatching in the diagram indicates its consequently vaguely pictured path through the pelt in the photomicrograph. Some wool roots (WR) and fat globules (F) are also indicated - Fig. 3 : Milk lamb of Quikpul production. The section went through some length of the blond vessel shown in the micrograph. Its direction through the pelt is indicated by arrows. The fibre structure is considerably opened up. The wall of the vessel appears relaxed En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19saAvF3xOGKIRdhICh8Bj6ioEpyBNrQg/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35224 [article]

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The rapid fellmongering of New Zealand skins / Mary Dempsey in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 62, N° 5 (09-10/1978)  

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