Evaporation of clearcoat solvents from a rotary bell atomizer and its relationship with bell speed, flow rate, and electrostatic potential / Paul Henshaw in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 15, N° 1 (01/2018)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 15, N° 1 (01/2018) . - p. 41-49 Titre : Evaporation of clearcoat solvents from a rotary bell atomizer and its relationship with bell speed, flow rate, and electrostatic potential Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Paul Henshaw, Auteur ; R. Ray, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : p. 41-49 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Dépôt par pulvérisation Evaporation Plan d'expérience Pulvérisation électrostatique vernis en phase solvant Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The relations between evaporation of clearcoat solvents and various operating parameters of the spray from a rotary bell atomizer were measured using a particle dynamic anemometer (PDA). The robot arm holding the spray applicator was moved relative to the PDA so that the volume flux at different parts of the spray could be measured. The difference in total flux between two planes, perpendicular to the spray axis, was considered to be equal to the evaporation. Evaporation was found to increase with increasing bell speed. Evaporation also increased with increasing coatings flow rate from 100 to 200 cm3/s flow rate, but not for a further increase to 300 cm3/s. Higher electrostatic potential, bell speed, and lower flow rate decrease the mean particle diameter. Particle mean velocity increases with increasing bell speed and flow rate. Coatings flow rate, bell speed, electrostatic potential, and the interaction between flow rate and bell speed were significant factors affecting evaporation rate. Of the former three, coatings flow rate was the most influential. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-017-9972-z En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-017-9972-z.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30066 [article]

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Implementing DOE to study the effect of paint application parameters, film build, and dehydration temperature on solvent pop / Lindita Prendi in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 5, N° 1 (03/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 5, N° 1 (03/2008) . - p. 45-56 Titre : Implementing DOE to study the effect of paint application parameters, film build, and dehydration temperature on solvent pop Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lindita Prendi, Auteur ; Ahammad Ali, Auteur ; Paul Henshaw, Auteur ; Tony Mancina, Auteur ; Chris Tighe, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 45-56 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acide polyacrylique Aminoplastes Cloquage (défauts) Couche de base Déshydratation Epoxydes Mélamine La mélamine, de nom chimique 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, est parfois dénommée cyanuramide ou cyanurotriamine. Sa formule brute est C3H6N6. Les "résines mélamine-formaldéhyde" ou "mélamine-formol" (sigle MF) sont appelées "mélamine" dans le langage courant. Elles font partie de la famille des aminoplastes qui regroupe des résines thermodurcissables aminées, issues d'un comonomère tel l'urée ou la mélamine, parfois le thiocarbamide, le cyanamide hydrogène ou le dicyandiamide ; le second comonomère étant le formaldéhyde. Plan d'expérience Polyacryliques Revêtements en phase aqueuse Vernis Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : This research investigated popping when automotive clearcoat was applied over waterborne basecoats using design of experiments (DOE). The study was conducted using melamine crosslinked acrylic latex basecoat and acrylic acid/epoxy clearcoat. The focus of the project was directed toward the paint application and dehydration stages. The study was conducted in four phases. In Phase 1, three paint application parameters, flow rate (FR), atomizing air (AA), and distance of the applicator tip from the substrate (D), were investigated. In Phase 2, FR and target distance were investigated in relation to popping while keeping other parameters as well as film build constant. In Phase 3, the effect of film build on popping was investigated by selecting three levels of film build. Phase 4 was focused on the possible effect of dehydration oven temperature on popping. Results indicated that FR does not affect popping directly. However, it significantly affects the film build. Both film build and dehydration oven temperature were found significant in relation to popping occurrences. This work suggests that dehydration oven temperature and film build affect solvent popping. Although this study identified the significant factors causing waterborne basecoat popping, conditions for a pop-free paint surface were not established. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-007-9073-5 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-007-9073-5.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3613 [article]

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A model for the dehydration of waterborne basecoat / Paul Henshaw in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 3, N° 4 (10/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 3, N° 4 (10/2006) . - p. 285-294 Titre : A model for the dehydration of waterborne basecoat Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Paul Henshaw, Auteur ; Tony Mancina, Auteur ; Lindita Prendi, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 285-294 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Vernis  'Revêtement  protecteur'  Distribution  Concentration  Déshydratation  'Copolymère  uréthane'  acrylate'  Polyester  Modélisation  'Peinture  en  phase  aqueuse'  'Méthode  des  différences  finies' Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : In vehicle manufacturing, a common topcoat process sequence is the application of a waterborne basecoat, partial dehydration, application of a solventborne clearcoat, then curing at approximately 150°C. Anecdotal evidence suggests that under "harsh" (high temperature and velocity) dehydration conditions, a skin can be formed, which can trap excess water in the basecoat. Upon curing, the excess water forms vapor that can burst through the topcoat, leading to surface imperfections, termed pinholes or pops. A forward-time center-distance finite difference model, incorporating only diffusion and evaporation and experimentally determined coefficients, was used to simulate the water concentration in the layers of a paint film. Simulations were conducted at constant temperatures (27°C and 82°C) as well as by using temperature traces from a full-size dehydration oven under harsh (82°C) and gentle (54°C) conditions. The model accurately predicted the overall solids content after dehydration. However, in both temperature scenarios, the surface layer water concentration was less at the low temperature for the same overall solids content. This counter-intuitive finding is attributed to the increase in diffusivity with temperature, which allows water to be supplied to the surface faster in the high temperature run in each scenario. Therefore, this simple diffusion-evaporation model is not suitable for simulating water entrapment leading to popping. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-006-0024-3 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-006-0024-3.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3681 [article]

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The effects of basecoat bell application parameters on elements of appearance for an automotive coatings process / Jennifer di Domenico in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 9, N° 6 (11/2012)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 9, N° 6 (11/2012) . - p. 675-686 Titre : The effects of basecoat bell application parameters on elements of appearance for an automotive coatings process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jennifer di Domenico, Auteur ; Paul Henshaw, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 675-686 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse des données Automobiles -- Revêtements:Automobiles -- Peinture Plan d'expérience Primaire (revêtement) Système de pulvérisation (technologie) Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : This research investigated the effects of basecoat (BC) bell application parameters on the appearance of automotive vehicles. A full factorial two-level DOE matrix was created to test the impact of four BC bell zone variables on appearance: flow rate, shaping air, voltage, and bell speed. Paint age was a covariate in the analysis. Panels were sprayed with waterborne BC followed by solventborne clearcoat and cured vertically at 144°C. The appearance was characterized by measuring the DOI, surface waviness, and multiangle color. Flow rate, bell speed, and shaping air were found to have the most impact on surface waviness. In addition, four interactive effects were also found to be significant. Three of these interactive effects included flow rate in combination with the other parameters. The results of this study indicate that particle size and fluid atomization play a key role in paint appearance. Decreasing the flow rate and/or increasing bell speed lead to a smoother finish, but are also correlated to a darker appearance at near specular angles, whereas the opposite is true at far specular angles. Note de contenu : - LITERATURE REVIEW : Development of appearance comparison techniques - Process parameters - ANALYSIS OF DATA, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Panel information results - Wave-scan DOI data analysis - Flop and brightness data analysis DOI : 10.1007/s11998-012-9414-x En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-012-9414-x.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16650 [article]

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