Spray applications. Part IV. Compositional influences of HEUR thickeners on the spray and velocity profiles of waterborne latex coatings / Peter T. Elliott in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 4, N° 4 (12/2007)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 4, N° 4 (12/2007) . - p. 351-374 Titre : Spray applications. Part IV. Compositional influences of HEUR thickeners on the spray and velocity profiles of waterborne latex coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter T. Elliott, Auteur ; J. Edward Glass, Auteur ; David M. Mahli, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 351-374 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Atomisation Buse (tuyère) Epaississants Formulation (Génie chimique) Latex Polyuréthane éthoxylé modifié de façon hydrophobe Pulvérisation Revêtements en phase aqueuse:Peinture en phase aqueuse Viscosité Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : In this study, the focus is on the spray behavior of latex coatings thickened with structurally different surfactant-modified, water-soluble polymers (associative thickeners of the hydrophobically modified, ethoxylated urethane [HEUR] type). Particle image velocimetry (PIV) profiles are considered in the perspective of the dynamic uniaxial extensional viscosity (DUEV) of the coatings and an effort to understand the results in terms of the structural aspects of the thickener molecules is undertaken. A high-Mv hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) thickened formulation, with a significant DUEV, does not atomize well. Among the HEUR thickeners, the addition of larger hydrophobes in the terminal positions requires less thickener to achieve a 90 KU viscosity and produces lower DUEVs and lower viscosities at high-shear rates. This is necessary to produce formulations with acceptable spray characteristics (i.e., good atomization). The sprayability of these systems is reflected in their velocity profiles and particle size/particle size distributions. Poorer spray characteristics are reflected in ligaments and broad particles size distributions. This study highlights the ability to control the particle size/ size distribution and velocity profiles of coatings formulations through the use of structurally different HEUR associative thickeners. Variations in sprayability among different nozzle geometries are also studied. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-007-9051-y En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-007-9051-y.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3625 [article]

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Spray applications : part V. Influence of high solid compositions on coatings sprayability / David M. Mahli in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 5, N° 1 (03/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 5, N° 1 (03/2008) . - p. 33-43 Titre : Spray applications : part V. Influence of high solid compositions on coatings sprayability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. Mahli, Auteur ; Mark J. Steffenhagen, Auteur ; J. Edward Glass, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 33-43 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Haut extrait sec Mélamine La mélamine, de nom chimique 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, est parfois dénommée cyanuramide ou cyanurotriamine. Sa formule brute est C3H6N6. Les "résines mélamine-formaldéhyde" ou "mélamine-formol" (sigle MF) sont appelées "mélamine" dans le langage courant. Elles font partie de la famille des aminoplastes qui regroupe des résines thermodurcissables aminées, issues d'un comonomère tel l'urée ou la mélamine, parfois le thiocarbamide, le cyanamide hydrogène ou le dicyandiamide ; le second comonomère étant le formaldéhyde. Oligomères Polyacryliques Pulvérisation Revêtements:Peinture Vélocimétrie Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The air-spray patterns of high solid coatings were examined using a Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV) to determine the affects of varying the composition (oligomeric acrylic, oligomeric ester, and melamine resin) and molecular weight of high solid resins in coating formulations on their sprayability. High molecular weight tails (e.g., in the acrylic) are known to increase the elasticity of the fluid, and their presence imparted poor spray behavior (i.e., less misting, presence of ligaments, narrower exit fanning, and higher velocities farther from the nozzle) to the high solid coating. The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of the droplets increased with increasing viscosity, which is dependent on weight average molecular weight of the total components of the blends. High solids stored at 60°C resulted in poorer spray with both increasing storage time and increasing levels of catalyst stored for 2 h. The high solid coatings were Newtonian fluids with no elastic functions associated with shear deformations. The elastic behavior associated with the high molecular weight tails in the acrylic oligomers is related, through their similar variation in spray behavior with HEUR thickened latex coatings in Part IV of this series, to dynamic uniaxial extensional viscosities. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-007-9067-3 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-007-9067-3.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3612 [article]

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Surfactant behavior and its influence on the viscosity of associative thickeners solutions, thickened latex dispersions, and waterborne latex coatings / David M. Mahli in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 75, N° 938 (03/2003)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 75, N° 938 (03/2003) . - p. 39-51 Titre : Surfactant behavior and its influence on the viscosity of associative thickeners solutions, thickened latex dispersions, and waterborne latex coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. Mahli, Auteur ; Mark J. Steffenhagen, Auteur ; Lin-lin Xing, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 39-51 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Acrylique  dérivé  polymère  Hydrophobisation  Ethylène  oxyde  Agent  surface  Epaississant  Adjuvant  Viscosité  Propriété  rhéologique  Formulation  Peinture  émulsion  eau  Matériau  revêtement Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Surfactants, varying in their chemical composition and hydrophobic behavior, are used in the formulation of a waterborne coating. These differences influence their aggregation in micellar structures, their interaction with associative thickeners, and in particular, the synergies present in their competitive adsorptions on the disperse phases in a waterborne coating. Adsorption of HEUR thickeners on latexes and the ability of surfactants to displace them from those surfaces is an important variable in the dispersion's viscosity. With large particle latexes, viscosity increases arise primarily from the network built through the interaction of HEURs with surfactants in the aqueous phase. Fluorescence is used to verify the mechanism by which surfactants enhance associative thickener viscosities. That is best achieved with nonionic surfactants, because of their synergies with large hydrophobe HEURs at low concentration. With decreasing latex particle size the adsorbed species is an important contributor to the dispersion's viscosity through its contribution to the latex's effective volume fraction increase and when the size of the adsorbed HEUR is matched to the separation distances of the latex at 0.25 volume fraction. Achieving controlled shear-thinning behavior in small particle size latex paints with the economic constraints on the amount of HEUR required to obtain 90 KU viscosities are discussed. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5595 [article]

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Waterborne latex coatings of color : I. Component influences on viscosity decreases / David M. Mahli in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 2, N° 8 (10/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 2, N° 8 (10/2005) . - p. 627-634 Titre : Waterborne latex coatings of color : I. Component influences on viscosity decreases Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. Mahli, Auteur ; J. Edward Glass, Auteur ; Jon M. Wegner, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 627-634 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Polymère  associatif  Propriété  rhéologique  Ether  cyclique  polymère  Etude  expérimentale  Maléique  acide  copolymère  Ethylène  oxyde  Oligomère  téléchélique  Colorant  Noir  carbone  Viscosité  cisaillement  Relation  formulation  propriété  Agent  surface  Epaississant  Matériau  revêtement  Peinture  eau Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : For almost two decades, it has been known that the addition of colorants to a waterborne latex coating thickened with an associative thickener will result in a viscosity loss. The influence of surfactants on viscosity variations in waterborne latex coatings, as discussed in our most recent fCT COATINGSTECH article, is the source of the viscosity decreases. To evaluate this problem, aqueous solutions containing large quantities of five different surfactants, and the smallest particle size of the colorants, carbon black (CB), were prepared. Large quantities of surfactant were used to allow for adsorption on, and stabilization of, CB. When traditional associative polymers (HMHEC, HASE, and a telechelic HEUR) were used to thicken carbon black dispersions, viscosity decreases were not observed, for most of the surfactant is adsorbed on the CB's surface. There is enough surfactant, however, to promote viscosity decreases in comb-HEUR thickened CB dispersions. Moving beyond the colorant dispersions, the CB, yellow, or red colorants were then added to a commercial latex paint that contains many surfactants, glycol ether, and coalescing aids, and significant viscosity decreases were observed. The decreases were very dramatic as the colorant concentration was increased to obtain deeper color tones, due to the additional excess surfactant added to the coating. Reduction in total surfactant levels in the colorant was an obvious solution, but this led to rub-up incompatibility. The conflict between viscosity retention and rub-up incompatibility was resolved when the surfactant concentration was reduced by adding to the colorant formulation compositionally different hydrophobically-modified poly(oxyethylenes) and hydrophobe-modified maleic acid co-oligomers. DOI : 10.1007/BF02774592 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF02774592.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3788 [article]

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Waterborne latex coatings of color : II. Surfactant influences on color development and viscosity / David M. Mahli in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 2, N° 8 (10/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 2, N° 8 (10/2005) . - p. 635-647 Titre : Waterborne latex coatings of color : II. Surfactant influences on color development and viscosity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. Mahli, Auteur ; Jon M. Wegner, Auteur ; J. Edward Glass, Auteur ; Daniel G. Phillips, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 635-647 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Propriété  rhéologique  Cellulose  éther  dérivé  Etude  expérimentale  Couleur  optique  Viscosité  cisaillement  Relation  formulation  propriété  Cellulose(hydroxyéthyl)  Peinture  émulsion  Talc  Pigment  minéral  Agent  surface  anionique  Noir  carbone  Dimension  particule  Epaississant  non  ionique  Matériau  revêtement  eau Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : A matrix of coating variables, nonassociative versus associative thickeners, different latex median particle sizes, individual surfactants and colorants [carbon black (CB), red, and yellow pigments], was examined for their influence on variances in coatings rheology and color development. Within the different coating groups, the variable of interest in this study was the surfactant added to the colorant formulation. In all three colorant formulations, sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic surfactant) provided poorer color development (CD) than in applied formulations containing an equivalent nonylphenol oxyethylene (EO) surfactant. In CB formulations, nonionic surfactants with higher EO content provide improved color development at low (2 mM) concentrations, but near equality in CD is achieved with low EO surfactants at higher concentrations, in contrast to CB formulations, red and yellow colorants exhibit good color development with high EO content nonionic surfactants only at low nonionic surfactants concentrations. This variance appears to be related to the interactions of surfactants with inorganic pigments (talc and laponite) in the colorant formulation. The coating's rheology is related to latex, thickeners, and surfactant components of the paint, as has been noted in previous studies, but not to the nature of the color pigment. The viscosity of the hydroxyethyl cellulose (nonassociative type) and HEUR (associative type) thickened paint decreased with colorant addition due to dilution effects. There were no unusual deviations with the NP(EO)x surfactants, except when a large hydrophobe nonionic surfactant [e.g., C18H37(EO)100] is added. In HEC thickened coatings, the viscosity decreases when C18H37-(EO)100 is in the colorant due to that surfactant inhibiting depletion flocculation. In the C18H37(EO)100 coatings containing the HEUR thickener, significant increases in viscosity were observed, above the dilution values observed with the colorant addition. This is related to the viscosity maximum in the low concentration of HEUR with the C18H37(EO)100 surfactant. Color development is independent of the viscosity profile of the coating. DOI : 10.1007/BF02774593 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF02774593.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3789 [article]

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Waterborne latex coatings of color. III. Triblock polyether influences on color development and viscosity / David M. Mahli in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 4, N° 1 (03/2007)  

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