| Résumé : |
Air pollution, its effects on the skin, the products being made to address this and the claims their producers can make are all major subjects and are in constant flux, noted Stephan Bielfeldt, director of science and innovation at Proderm in a recent webinar. In fact, the WHO published new sharpened air quality guidelines on the day before the webinar took place.
There has been a visible ‘corona effect’ during the COVID-19 lockdown and the consequent reduction in the burning of fuels in industry and transport. Mean nitrogen dioxide levels in Madrid, Milan and Rome, for example, fell by about 45% from 2019 to April 2020; in Paris, it was 54%. This, however, is a shortterm and extraordinary effect, Bielfeldt said. Clearly pollution will return; the question is by how much.
The major components of air pollution are:
Toxic gases: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) & photochemically derived ozone
Particulate matter (PM), mainly of <2.5 µm diameter that can reach the alveoli of the lungs. PM is also a carrier of organic compounds that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as metals, notably copper, that catalyse the oxidation of lipids and proteins in exposed tissues.
Indoor pollutants, such as smoke from indoor combustion of coal, wood and petrol, plus cigarette smoke, both of which generate toxic gases and PM.
The main hazards to skin from air pollution comes from two sources: ROS, notably superoxide (O2), hydroxyl (OH), ozone (O3) singlet oxygen (1 O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which form free radicals that can interact with many molecules in the human body; and particles loaded with VOCs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). |
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Claim support for anti-pollution cosmetics in GLOBAL PERSONAL CARE, Vol. 22, N° 10 (11/2021)
