An approach for the treatment of vegetable tan liquor containing hydrolysable tannins / A. Sharli in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 10 (10/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 10 (10/2003) . - p. 381-387 Titre : An approach for the treatment of vegetable tan liquor containing hydrolysable tannins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Sharli, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 381-387 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In recent times leather industry is looking at options for a tanning system especially based on the natural products such as vegetable tanning materials. Nevertheless there is also a clear shortcoming in the usage of vegetable tanning materials because of the high organic load in the effluent generated, which is difficult to degrade and hence leads to high biological or chemical oxygen demand. Hence, in this study, methods to treat the effluent liquor containing myrobalan, a widely used hydrolysable tannin have been explored to reduce the pollution load generated by the same. Two methods have been adopted for the treatment of the myrobalan liquor. The first method involves breaking down of vegetable tannins to simpler compounds by oxidative degradation using hydrogen peroxide. The second method involves the precipitation of vegetable tannins using zinc sulfate as the precipitant. A 28% reduction in the COD has been obtained for the effluent liquor treated with H2O2 in the presence of Zerolite-Iron catalyst at 50°C. Myrobalan liquor precipitated with zinc sulfate at a pH of 10 has resulted in the reduction of COD by 74%. Additional reduction in the COD has been obtained by adapting the precipitation followed by oxidative degradation method in the presence of Zerolite-Iron catalyst, which has resulted in the reduction of COD load by 96%. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Mo8tKhLCzhOEqy3KmF-imU8IneHay7x8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4152 [article]

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An integrated approach for the treatment of vegetable tannins wastewaters / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 89, N° 1 (01-02/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 89, N° 1 (01-02/2005) . - p. 9-14 Titre : An integrated approach for the treatment of vegetable tannins wastewaters Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Balaraman Madhan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; A. Sharli, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 9-14 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Acacia et constituants Eaux usées -- Décontamination Eaux usées -- Epuration Potentiel zeta Précipitation (chimie) Sulfate de zinc Tanins végétaux Tannage -- Déchets Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Intensive leather making techniques in an eco-sensitive world have increased the attraction of a tanning system based on natural products such as plant polyphenolics. However, there is also a distinct disadvantage in the usage of such materials because of the high organic loading of the effluent which is also difficult to degrade due to the high oxygen demand. We have examined the treatment of vegetable tannery effluents aiming at the reduction of the pollution load. Two methods have been evaluated, one based on precipitation of tannins as zinc-tannate and another with oxidative degradation after precipitation. In the precipitation method, 0.5% wattle solution at pH10 is precipitated as zinc-tannate giving a 73% reduction in COD. A further reduction of the chemical oxygen demand by 97% has been obtained with the two-stage approach of precipitation followed by oxidative degradation in the presence of an immobilized iron catalyst. This integrated approach provides a viable solution to the problem of vegetable tannins in wastewaters. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Zeta potential measurements - Precipitation treatment - Two-step treatment - Treatment of industrial samples - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Treatment by precipitation method - Two-step treatment - Treatment of commercial vegetable tannin wastewater - Commercial scale treatment - Table 1 : Effect of pH on COD reduction of vegetable tannin solution - Table 2 : % Reduction of COD on precipitation of vegetable tannins with different amounts of zinc sulphate - Table 3 : COD of 0.5% wattle solution before and after treatment - Table 4 : COD of the commercial vegetable tannery wastewater before and after treatment En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1acFfI8-TAPuL5jjhh6K6TocBI1xyk5b6/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39608 [article]

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Bioaccumulation route for secured recovery and recoup of chromium from tannery wastewaters / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004) . - p. 197-204 Titre : Bioaccumulation route for secured recovery and recoup of chromium from tannery wastewaters Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 197-204 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Increasing concern regarding the toxicity and environmental impact of the chromium metal ion discharge from the tannery has led to investigations into alternative effluent treatment technologies. The use of biological materials for heavy metal ion removal and recovery technologies has gained widespread acceptability during recent years because of its high performance at low cost compared to other treatment methodologies. In this work a species of brown seaweed is shown to accumulate chromium from tannery wastewaters. Bioaccumulation provides a cheaper means for the removal of heavy metals; however, the reuse of recovered metal is a challenging problem. The chromium-loaded seaweed was advantageously used as a reductant for the manufacture of basic chromium sulfate. The developed product has been employed for tanning of goatskins. Studies reveal that the quality of the wet blue leathers is on a par with the leathers tanned with commercial BCS. Shrinkage temperature of the leathers is comparable and is above 110 °C at an offer of 1.25% Cr2O3. Chromium exhaustion is about 74%. Performance of the crust leathers is comparable to that of conventional tanned leathers. This methodology provides a holistic approach for the recovery and reuse of chromium from tannery wastewaters. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NV60UnTMQv2VtNRP6uAxvoHuLfCyALv4/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4193 [article]

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Biochemical and physical changes in goatskin during bacterial putrefaction / Vimudha Muralidharan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 6 (06/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 6 (06/2021) . - p. 203-212 Titre : Biochemical and physical changes in goatskin during bacterial putrefaction Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vimudha Muralidharan, Auteur ; Renganath Rao Ramesh, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur ; Saravanan Palanivel, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 203-212 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bactéries Caractérisation Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Hydroxyproline Protéoglycanes Un protéoglycane est une glycoprotéine, combinaison d'une protéine et d'un glycosaminoglycane (GAG). L'association entre les deux types de chaîne s'effectue essentiellement dans l'appareil de Golgi, mais également au niveau du réticulum endoplasmique d'une cellule. La proportion de glucides des protéoglycanes peut atteindre 95 %. Ceux-ci se présentant sous la forme d'une ou plusieurs chaînes de glycosaminoglycanes non ramifiées. Les chaînes de sucres sont très longues mais pas ramifiées. Ils sont O-glycosylés, se lient à l'acide aminé sérine à l'extrémité OH. Les protéoglycanes peuvent être soit transportés à l'extérieur de la cellule par exocytose (s'intégrant alors à la matrice extracellulaire sous forme de chondroïtine-sulfate, kératan-sulfate, héparan-sulfate, dermatan-sulfate, etc.), soit entrer dans la constitution de la membrane plasmique ou du glycocalyx, jouant alors un rôle dans les relations cellule-matrice. Les PG (protéoglycanes) ont des compositions et poids moléculaire très variés et sont hétérogènes au niveau de leur structure et de leur fonction. Les protéoglycanes sont des composants essentiels de la matrice extracellulaire. Ce sont des pièges à eau qui sont importants pour les propriétés mécaniques des tissus cartilagineux par exemple. Les héparan sulfates peuvent avoir un rôle dans la signalisation : ce sont des co-récepteurs pour les FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor). Les protéoglycanes jouent aussi un rôle dans la diffusion des molécules de signalisation (Wnt, Shh), ou bien en interagissant avec des inhibiteurs (Noggin). (Wikipedia) Putréfaction Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The quality of the raw animal skin decides the final quality of leather. Preservation processes of raw animal skins until leather making predominantly uses salting as a popular method owing to the bacteriostatic effect provided by salt. The detrimental impact caused by the usage of salt from the leather processing is well established. This necessitates the quest for developing an economical, efficacious and environment-friendly preservation system. The present work investigates the effects on the physical and chemical characteristics of the animal skin caused by the putrefactive bacteria with respect to time. Physical changes were studied using visual examination, SEM analysis, and histological staining techniques where the structural deterioration was evidently established. Changes in biochemical aspects were studied by observing degradation in proteoglycan levels and collagen from the goat skin taken at various time intervals. Furthermore, the microorganisms that were responsible for the degradation of various skin components were isolated from the skin over the period of 36 hours from flaying. The occurrence of collagen-degrading organisms within 6 hours of initiation of putrefaction and increased number of proteolytic and collagenolytic bacteria at the end of 36-hours observation were indicative of tremendous skin spoilage leading to deteriorated quality of raw material. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Isolation and characterization of putrefactive microorganims - Studying the physical changes in the skin fiber network during putrefaction - Histological staining of skin samples - Scanning Electron Microscope technique to study physical changes - Studying chemical changes in the animal skin during putrefaction - Elemental analysis of skin samples - Determination of degradation in collagen levels - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Observations during putrefaction - Characterization of putrefactive microorganisms - Physical changes observed during putrefaction - Histological staining of skin sections - Masson's trichrome stain for collagen - Safranin O stain for proteoglycans - Hematoxylin and eosin stain for fiber network - Sudan Black B stain for lipid - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study of putrefied skin samples - CHEMICAL CHANGES OBSERVED DURING PUTREFACTION : Elemental analysis of skin samples - Proteoglycan estimation based on periodic acid - Schiff's assay - Hydroxyproline estimation of skin samples - Insights into the cascade of events leading to a phenomenon called putrefaction - Table 1 : Characterization of bacterial isolates from putrefied goatskin - Table 2 : Elemental analysis of skin samples DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i6.4310 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tfoyChAOpnpIb9RGjgZQoGwoJrSgO9PL/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36043 [article]

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Coloring of leather using henna - natural alternative material for dyeing / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 5 (05/2009)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIV, N° 5 (05/2009) . - p. 183-190 Titre : Coloring of leather using henna - natural alternative material for dyeing Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. E. Musa, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur ; W. Madhulatha, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; G. A. Gasmelseed, Auteur ; S. Sadulla, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 183-190 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Synthetic dyes are widely used in the leather industry; some of these are carcinogenic in nature. Environmental concern leads one to seek dye products based on natural resources, which have several advantages like less toxicity, biodegradability, etc. The research work presented in this paper focuses on an eco-friendly dyeing process of the leather using aqueous henna leaves extract that contain lawsone, 2-hydroxy 1,4 naphthaquinone, the most prominent member of alpha – hydroxynaphthaquinone, natural dye class. The aqueous extraction from the henna leaves was studied and the best extraction conditions were found to be the maceration of the ground henna leaves in water, at temperature (> 80°C) for 60 minutes in a water bath without agitation. The color of the leather had become deeper with increasing amount of henna extract and multiple colors have been obtained depending on the type of mordants used. The henna dyeing had resulted in leathers with good rub (dry and wet) and perspiration fastness characteristics, while the light fastness characteristics were found to be moderate. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CW56u-TUPgTxFPrHbzc3eElLF5qzkeeO/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5220 [article]

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Combination tanning based on tara : an attempt to make chrome-free garment leathers / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 6 (06/2007)  

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Effect of different retanning systems on surface properties of leather / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 4 (04/2007)  

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of limed trimmings : preparation, characterization and application of collagen hydrolysate / Mohammed Hussein in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXII, N° 2 (02/2017)  

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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia Inermis (Henna) against microbial strains isolated from goat skin/leather / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 5 (05/2011)  

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Glove leather manufacture from sheepskins : influence of fatliquors and syntans on the gloving properties / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 5 (05/2008)  

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Henna–aluminum combination tannage : a greener alternative tanning system / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 6 (06/2011)  

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Henna extract : Can it be an alternative retanning agent ? / A. E. Musa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 6 (06/2008)  

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Hydration in matrix stabilization of collagen fibres : relevance to mechanistic insight into tanning / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 7 (07/2003)  

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Improvements in vegetable tanning - can acrylics be co-tanning agent / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 4 (04/2001)  

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Interaction of aluminum and hydrolysable tannin polyphenols : An approach to understanging the mechanism of aluminum vegetable combination tannage / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 9 (09/2006)  

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Mixed metal tanning using chrome-zinc-silica : A new chrome-saver approach / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 4 (04/2003)  

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Molecular level understanding of tanning using an organo-zirconium complex / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 11 (11/2003)  

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A new chromium-zinc tanning agent : a viable option for less chrome technology / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 5 (05/2002)  

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Preparation and characterization of decellularized ECM hydrogel from adipose tissues of hide/skin : Unlocking untapped resource potential / Gayathri Devi Chakrapani in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 7 (07/2024)  

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Role of phenolics in the stabilization of collagen / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 4 (04/2004)  

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