An ensemble of fine-tuned deep learning networks for wet-blue leather segmentation / Masood Aslam in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 4 (04/2022)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVII, N° 4 (04/2022) . - p. 164-170 Titre : An ensemble of fine-tuned deep learning networks for wet-blue leather segmentation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Masood Aslam, Auteur ; Tariq M. Khan, Auteur ; Syed Saud Naqvi, Auteur ; Geoff Holmes, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 164-170 Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Automatisation Evaluation visuelle Qualité -- Contrôle Surfaces -- Analyse Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : As part of industrial quality control in the leather industry, it is important to segment features/defects in wet-blue leather samples. Manual inspection of leather samples is the current norm in industrial settings. To comply with the current industrial standards that advocate large-scale automation, visual inspection based leather processing is imperative. Visual inspection of wet-blue leather features is a challenging problem as the characteristics of these features can take on a variety of shapes and colour variations to constitute various normal and abnormal surface regions. The aim of this work is to automatically segment leather images to detect various features/defects along with the background through visual analysis of the surfaces. To accomplish this, a deep learning-based technique is developed that learns to segment wet-blue leather surface features. On our own curated leather images dataset, the proposed ensemble network performed well, with an F1-Score of 74 percent. Note de contenu : - LITERATURE REVIEW - THE PROPOSED METHOD : Data augmentation - Architectures - Ensembling convolutional neural networks - EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Dataset - Feature/defect types - Ground truth labelling - Experiment configuration - Quantitative measures - RESULTS : Quantitative comparison - Qualitative comparison - Table 1 : Comparison of the segmentation performance of our proposed method with other state-of-the-art segmentation odels for the wet-blue leather dataset - Table 2 : Class-wise comparison of the segmentation performance of state-of-the-art segmentation methods DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v117i4.4900 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eeGhr_Y_PMJEhoAwWdQfF7edVAP5PF7M/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=37563 [article]

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Changes to the collagen structure using vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics : a comparison between chemical and sulfide-free leather process / Megha Mehta in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 11 (11/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 11 (11/2021) . - p. 379-387 Titre : Changes to the collagen structure using vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics : a comparison between chemical and sulfide-free leather process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Megha Mehta, Auteur ; Yang Liu, Auteur ; Rafea Naffa, Auteur ; Mark Waterland, Auteur ; Geoff Holmes, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 379-387 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse multivariée Chimiométrie Collagène Enzymes protéolytiques Une enzyme protéolytique est une enzyme capable de couper une protéine en plusieurs fragments ou peptides. La trypsine, la papaïne, la pepsine, la chymotrypsine, la plasmine, la subtilisine... sont capables de couper une protéine, chaque enzyme étant spécifique de certains sites particuliers de cette protéine. C'est ainsi, par exemple, qu'une immunoglobuline G est découpée par la papaïne en un fragment Fc et deux fragments Fab, comme l'a montré Porter en 1959. Epilage enzymatique Matériaux -- Modifications chimiques Radiométrie Spectroscopie Raman Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Chemical and physical changes take place when hides and skins are processed to leather that affect the quality and strength of the material. Understanding the structure at each leather-making stage is the basis of this study but also intend to improve the process through a biochemical approach, employing a proteolytic enzyme for processing leather more cleanly with reduced environmental impact. Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics was used to investigate each leather-making stage from fresh green cattle hide to dry crust leather. The changes in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules with leather processing was measured and reported using three novel Raman ratiometric markers, 920/1476, 1345/1259 and 1605/1476 cm-1, to discriminate the structural changes in collagen of hide using standard chemical and enzymatic method. Amide I band was deconvoluted to investigate thecollagen secondary structures using curve fitting by Gaussians function. The results of Principal Component Analysis are well-corroborated with the ratiometric markers of structural changes. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Enzymatic depilation - Data acquisition and spectral processing - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Fundamental characteristics of Raman spectra of standard and enzymatic processed hide - Radiometric analysis - Alterations in collagen network - Multivariate analysis DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i11.4659 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1O4r23to9vBK4aAxPgMJizfFD5zzgmQ2M/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36575 [article]

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Collagen structure changes during chrome tanning in propylene carbonate / Yi Zhang in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol. 1 (Année 2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING > Vol. 1 (Année 2019) . - 7 p. Titre : Collagen structure changes during chrome tanning in propylene carbonate Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yi Zhang, Auteur ; Jenna Kate Buchanan, Auteur ; Geoff Holmes, Auteur ; Bradley William Mansel, Auteur ; Sujay Prabakar, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : 7 p. Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Analyse thermique Carbonate de propylène Collagène -- Structure Cuirs et peaux Diffusion de la lumière aux petits angles Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Green solvents, such as propylene carbonate (PC), can be used in leather processing to improve the efficiency of chrome tanning and reduce wastewater. Here we report a combined small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study on PC and its efficacy as a carrier medium during chrome tanning. SAXS analysis on the collagen structure of chrome tanned leather using PC, compared to conventionally tanned leather using water, showed an increase in Cr uptake in addition to the more uniform penetration of Cr through the leather cross-section. The increased binding of Cr to the collagen matrix drives the decreased hydration environment of the collagen triple helix. Furthermore, DSC studies show a uniform hydrothermal stability for the PC samples due to the more even distribution of Cr through the collagen matrix. Understanding the mechanisms by which chrome tanning occurs in non-aqueous solvents can guide us towards a more sustainable future for the leather industry. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Leather sample preparation - Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements - Percentage uptake of chromium - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Chromium uptake from AAS studies - SAXS peak changes with tanning - D-period changes through the leather cross-section - Changes in R6/5 - DSC studies DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s42825-019-0011-y En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42825-019-0011-y.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36953 [article]

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Early detection of looseness in bovine hides using ultrasonic imaging / Hannah C. Wells in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 3 (03/2016)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXI, N° 3 (03/2016) . - p. 107-112 Titre : Early detection of looseness in bovine hides using ultrasonic imaging Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hannah C. Wells, Auteur ; Geoff Holmes, Auteur ; Richard G. Haverkamp, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 107-112 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Détection de défauts (Ingénierie) Imagerie ultrasonore Peaux creuses Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The processing of bovine hides to leather results in a significant proportion of defective leather known as loose leather. It has not previously been possible to recognize hides that may produce loose leather. Hides were processed through to leather with samples retained at the pickle, wet blue and crust leather stages with material that resulted in loose leather compared with that resulting in tight leather, using ultrasonic imaging. The loose precursor is characterized by a lower density of material in the mid grain layer. The looseness is quantified by amplitude differences in ultrasound line scans or cross-sectional area scans between loose leather and tight leather with 2-4 times the amount of low intensity area in loose leather at all three process stages. This enables detection of hides that will result in loose leather and may enable unsuitable hides to be diverted to other process streams to save substantial processing costs. Note de contenu : - Sample selection - Leather preparation - Looseness evaluation - Ultrasonic imaging - Scanning electron microscopy - Sample detection - Ultrasonic images - Scanning electron microscopy En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HxuzfKlZNnYq_HBFfMsAEn0o3ryD2U7J/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=25746 [article]

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Fatliquor effects on collagen fibril orientation and D-spacing in leather during tensile strain / Katie H. Sizeland in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 11 (11/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 11 (11/2015) . - p. 355-362 Titre : Fatliquor effects on collagen fibril orientation and D-spacing in leather during tensile strain Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Katie H. Sizeland, Auteur ; Geoff Holmes, Auteur ; Richard L. Edmonds, Auteur ; Nigel Kirby, Auteur ; A. Hawley, Auteur ; S. T. Mudie, Auteur ; Richard G. Haverkamp, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 355-362 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Collagène Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Déformations (mécanique) Distribution et orientation des fibres Essais dynamiques Produits de nourriture du cuir Test de déchirement Traction (mécanique) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Strength is a very important property of leather and is known to depend on the arrangement of the collagen fibrils within the material. The addition of fatliquor (penetrating oils) is an essential part of the manufacture of leather and enhances the strength and feel of leather. However, the mechanism by which fatliquor leads to increased strength is not understood. Here we use synchrotron based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to monitor the collagen fibril rearrangement and internal strain of leather during tension. Differences in internal structural changes under strain with varying levels of fatliquor are investigated. It is found that when a strain of up to 40-70% was applied to leather, the orientation index (OI) of the collagen fibrils changed up to 21.8% and the d-spacing changed by up to 1.8% with no consistent differences at different levels of fatliquor. The extensibility of leather increases by 11.3% with as little as 2% fatliquor addition and the elastic modulus decreases with fatliquor addition but not in proportion to the amount of fatliquor. This change in extensibility is not reflected in differences in OI or d-spacing changes during strain. As reported previously, the fatliquor modifies the d-spacing of collagen. While fatliquor is traditionally considered to lubricate the fibers in leather, here the evidence suggests that this does not occur at the level of collagen fibrils. This provides an insight in the action of fatliquor in leather manufacture. Note de contenu : - Fatliquor addition - Scattering patterns - Tear test - Orientation index - Stress-strain - OI of cross sections En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bwnG63Bg0OkZzrAzbZtmL75YrZ0abVXL/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24864 [article]

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Insights into the molecular composition of the skins and hides used in leather manufacture / Rafea Naffa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 1 (01/2019)  

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Learning to recognize irregular feature on leather surfaces / Masood Aslam in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 5 (05/2021)  

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Monitoring the mode of action of synthetic and natural biocides against Aeromonas hydrophila by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics / Megha Mehta in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol. 3 (Année 2021)  

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Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy towards classification of wet blue bovine leather using ratiometric using ratiometric and chemometric analysis / Megha Mehta in JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol. 2 (Année 2020)  

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Studies on collagen structure using X-ray scattering on a closed-loop leather process / Yi Zhang in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 10 (10/2020)  

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The effect of cloisite Na+ nanoclay filler on the morphology and mechanical properties of loose leather / Sujay Prabakar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXI, N° 5 (05/2016)  

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Tying up loose ends / Geoff Holmes in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 217, N° 4863 (08/2016)  

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