An overview of size exclusion chromatography applied to polymers and coatings / Theodore Provder in COATINGS TECH, Vol. 18, N° 4 (04/2021)  

[article]  inCOATINGS TECH > Vol. 18, N° 4 (04/2021) . - p. 46-59 Titre : An overview of size exclusion chromatography applied to polymers and coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Theodore Provder, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 46-59 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chromatographie sur gel Oligomères Poids moléculaires Polymères Revêtements organiques Viscosimétrie Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The coatings technologies of waterborne, high solids, powder, and radiation curable coatings generally require high-molecular-weight latex polymers or strategically designed low-molecular-weight polymers, oligomers, and reactive additives. The design of these resin materials requires molecular weight distribution (MWD) information in the very high and very low-molecular-weight ranges which are accessible by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). In addition, there is a need for compositional distribution information as a function of molecular weight, particularly for oligomers; absolute MWD information, particularly for water-soluble polymers ; and chain-branching information for high-molecular-weight polymers. This overview discusses the SEC separation mechanism, molecular weight calibration methods including the use of hydrodynamic volume, data treatment methods, and polymer chain-branching determination. The use of molecular size sensitive detectors (viscometer, light scattering) and compositional sensitive detectors (UV-visible, IR) are discussed in the context of illustrative qualitative and quantitative examples. The practice of high-resolution SEC analysis of oligomers is discussed and illustrated with problem-solving examples. Note de contenu : - SEC SEPARATION MECHANISM : Instrumentation - Calibration - instrument spreading correction - Multiple detectors - SEC/DRI/UV/IR : Quantitative compositional molecular-weight distribution considerations - SEC/LALLS/MALS : - SEC/viscometer - Oligomer applications - FUTURE TRENDS AND NEEDS - Fig. 1 : Dependence of molecular size in solution upon retention volume - Fig. 2 : Schematic procedures for obtaining the secondary molecular weight calibration curve from on-line SEC/viscometer data - Fig. 3 : SEC/DRI/ IR/UV chromatogram for a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and vinyl acetate (VA) (25/75) - Fig. 4 : SEC/UV/IR chromatogram of a blend of a styrene/acrylic/acid terpolymer resin and a melamine resin - Fig. 5 : SEC/UV and SEC/IR chromatogram of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples - Fig. 6 : Contour plot of a Glycidal Methacrylate (GMA) acrylic copolymer - Fig. 7 : Spectrum index plot of an acrylic copolymer - Fig. 8 : Photodiode array detection (PAD) estimate of the styrene content of a styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer - Fig. 9 : SEC/MALS responses from DRI and MALS detectors for a three component polystyrene mixture - Fig. 10 : Variations of scattering intensities with angular position and retention volume - Fig. 11 : HPGPC DRI/VISC detector responses versus retention volume - Fig. 12 : Log [η] versus log Mw plots for two randomly branched polyvinyl acetate samples - Fig. 13 : HPSEC chromatograms of two high solids polyester resin samples - Fig. 14 : Chromatograms of three isocyanate crosslinkers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ppM8QnRv82tUnFIhdRGwbX8o_i_9CUf2/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35699 [article]

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Effect of formulation variables on coating properties and performance in the deep draw process / A. Polyakova in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT), Vol. 72, N° 901 (02/2000)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (JCT) > Vol. 72, N° 901 (02/2000) . - p. 69-75 Titre : Effect of formulation variables on coating properties and performance in the deep draw process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Polyakova, Auteur ; A. Hiltner, Auteur ; E. Baer, Auteur ; Theodore Provder, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 69-75 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Tags : Matériau  revêtement  Utilisation  Conteneur  Métal  Emboutissage  Adhérence  Formulation  Performance Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : This study demonstrated correspondences between certain coating properties and observed failure modes in the deep draw process. Mode I failure, coating delamination at the cup edge, correlated with residual compressive stresses in the drawn coating. Neither crosslinker concentration nor prepolymer molecular weight in the ranges studied significantly affected residual stresses. However, residual stresses were strongly affected by the amount of wax in the coating formulation to the extent that coatings with less than 1.5% wax exhibited mode I failure, whereas coatings with 1.5% or more did not fail. Some of the coatings that exhibited mode I failure also exhibited mode II failure. Loss of adhesion on the cup wall, mode II failure, correlated with adhesive strength of the coating to the metal substrate, which in the present study was most strongly affected by crosslinker concentration. Coatings with 15 and 20% crosslinker exhibited extended areas of mode II failure, whereas coatings with 10% crosslinker showed no mode II failure. Increasing the molecular weight of the prepolymer improved adhesion somewhat, but not enough to affect the failure mode in the coatings tested, and wax had no measurable effect on the adhesion. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5825 [article]

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Elucidation of corrosion failure mechanisms of coated phosphated steel substrates / Sarjak Amin in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 5, N° 3 (09/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 5, N° 3 (09/2008) . - p. 311-325 Titre : Elucidation of corrosion failure mechanisms of coated phosphated steel substrates Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarjak Amin, Auteur ; Sundaresan Avudaiappan, Auteur ; Askarali Johnpasha, Auteur ; Theodore Provder, Auteur ; F. Louis Floyd, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 311-325 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Acier L'acier est un alliage métallique utilisé dans les domaines de la construction métallique et de la construction mécanique. L'acier est constitué d'au moins deux éléments, le fer, très majoritaire, et le carbone, dans des proportions comprises entre 0,02 % et 2 % en masse1. C'est essentiellement la teneur en carbone qui confère à l'alliage les propriétés du métal qu'on appelle "acier". Il existe d’autres métaux à base de fer qui ne sont pas des aciers comme les fontes et les ferronickels par exemple. Analyse des défaillances (fiabilité) Anticorrosifs Anticorrosion Délaminage Electrochimie Epoxydes Essais accélérés (technologie) Essais de brouillard salin Latex Métaux -- Revêtements protecteurs Oxygène Passivité (Chimie) Perméabilité Phosphatation Polyalkydes Revêtement en phase solvant:Peinture en phase solvant Revêtements bi-composant:Peinture bi-composant Revêtements en phase aqueuse:Peinture en phase aqueuse Vapeur d'eau Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Coatings are commonly believed to protect metal surfaces from corrosion based on some combination of their barrier properties and electrochemical properties. Various physical and electrochemical tests were performed on seven different coatings (latex, alkyd, 2-PK epoxy, and electrocoat) to determine which properties were the main determinants of corrosion resistance in continuous and cyclic corrosion tests. Physical property tests and AC electrochemical tests were all related to barrier behavior, while DC electrochemical tests were related to electrochemical behavior. DC electrochemical properties are commonly associated with inhibitor chemistry, but can be broadly related to all components of the paint. These test results were compared with corrosion test results from both continuous (B-117) and cyclic (GM9540) accelerated tests. The best correlation was seen with a model emphasizing barrier behavior with a secondary component relating to electrochemical protection. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-008-9088-6 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-008-9088-6.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2975 [article]

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Film formation process monitoring of coatings by adaptive speckle imaging interferometry / Antonio Saranillo in COATINGS TECH, Vol. 18, N° 1 (01/2021)  

[article]  inCOATINGS TECH > Vol. 18, N° 1 (01/2021) . - p. 28-45 Titre : Film formation process monitoring of coatings by adaptive speckle imaging interferometry Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Antonio Saranillo, Auteur ; Williams Sherwin, Auteur ; Sarjak H. Amin, Auteur ; Theodore Provder, Auteur ; Allayna Lee, Auteur ; Nawshova Tasmeen, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 28-45 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Formation de film Formulation (Génie chimique) Revêtement -- Séchage:Peinture -- Séchage Revêtements -- Analyse:Peinture -- Analyse Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : During the film formation process, an applied liquid film transforms into an adherent solid film through physical and/or chemical processes. The film formation process involves changes in rheology, evolution of mechanical properties, and the resultant ultimate film structure and morphology. In this study, the film formation process of coatings was monitored using a novel and innovative technology denoted as Adaptive Speckle Imaging Interferometry (ASII). Film formation data obtained from ASII was compared with information obtained from more traditional methods, such as set-to-touch time, tack-free time and dry-hard time (from a mechanical recorder), rate of volatiles evaporation from thermogravimetric analysis, and degree of chemical cure from differential scanning calorimetry, where applicable. Combining information from several techniques provides a more comprehensive picture of the film formation process for a wide variety of waterborne and solvent-based coatings : architectural interior and exterior coatings, industrial maintenance, marine, and gel coat coatings. Excellent repeatability and reproducibility of ASII drying curves were demonstrated. ASII drying curves can differentiate film thickness, substrate type, volatile organic compound level, pigment volume concentration, resin type, and coating manufacturer for a specific type of coating. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Adaptive speckle imaging intererometry - Thermal gravimetric analysis - Differential scanning calorimetry - Mechanical recorder - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Mechanical recorder and TGA results - Drying curve results - Table 1 : Paint samples ID and description - Table 2 : Paint formulas formodel exterior latex paint as a function of VOC - Table 3 : Paint formulas for model interior latex paint as a function of PVC En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AQA4hGrW5JXCOYSV00gBGYMDUFL6yK3k/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35009 [article]

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Investigation of the effect of precoalescence or postcoalescence crosslinking on film formation, properties, and latex morphology / Ravi G. Joshi in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 6, N° 1 (03/2009)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH > Vol. 6, N° 1 (03/2009) Titre : Investigation of the effect of precoalescence or postcoalescence crosslinking on film formation, properties, and latex morphology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ravi G. Joshi, Auteur ; Frank N. Jones, Auteur ; Weidian C. Shen, Auteur ; Wenjing Mao, Auteur ; Paul D. Ziemer, Auteur ; Theodore Provder, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Note générale : Erratum in Journal of coating technology and research Vol. 7, N° 4, p. 529-530 - Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Coalescence (Sciences physiques) Contraintes (mécanique) Formation de film Indentation des matériaux Latex Morphologie (matériaux) Réticulation (polymérisation) Revêtements:Peinture Index. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : Latexes have many product applications including functioning as a binder in coatings. For many years, coatings researchers in industry as well as in academe have been exploring various modes of crosslinking latexes. Quite often, the goal of preparing crosslinked latexes is to upgrade film properties relative to the film properties of uncrosslinked latexes. In the present report, the synthesis and properties of crosslinkable acrylic latexes prepared with either an internal crosslinker (1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate)—"precoalescence crosslinking"—or an external crosslinker (adipic dihydrazide)—"postcoalescence crosslinking"—at various levels of crosslinking were studied. For postcoalescence crosslinking, diacetone acrylamide was copolymerized into the latex to provide sites for subsequent reaction with adipic dihydrazide. Fundamental properties of films cast from the two types of latexes were systematically compared. These properties included gel content, dynamic mechanical properties, nano-indenter hardness and modulus, stress–strain properties as well as the characterization of latex morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, some specific end-use properties were determined. This study assesses the effect of type (precoalescence or postcoalescence) and level of crosslinking on the film formation process and the resulting fundamental and end-use properties as well as resulting latex film morphology. DOI : 10.1007/s11998-008-9115-7 En ligne : https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11998-008-9115-7.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4859 [article]

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Nanolatex technology 1 : synthesis and characterization of nanosize acrylic latexes and comparison to their conventional size counterparts / Ravi G. Joshi in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 18, N° 6 (11/2021)  

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Nanolatex technology 2 : blending polymer nanoparticles with conventional latexes for synergistic property improvement / Frank N. Jones in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 18, N° 4 (07/2021)  

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Particle size distribution, measurement, and assessment : principles, features, limitations, and benefits / Theodore Provder in COATINGS TECH, Vol. 17, N° 10 (10/2020)  

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Using DC electrochemical techniques to assess the relative corrosiveness of water-based coatings and their ingredients / F. Louis Floyd in JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, Vol. 4, N° 2 (06/2007)  

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