[article]
| Titre : |
Towards the smart tannery enterprise |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
Sergiu-Adrian Gut, Auteur ; Ioan Dumitrache, Auteur ; Ioannis Ioannidis, Auteur |
| Année de publication : |
2015 |
| Article en page(s) : |
p. 151-156 |
| Note générale : |
Bibliogr. |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Catégories : |
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Procédés de fabrication
Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnement
|
| Index. décimale : |
675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage |
| Résumé : |
Leather manufacturing processes retain, even in the 21st century, an air of occult art shrouded in the mysteries of a millennia old industry. It is still preponderantly based on experience, received wisdom and tanners' talent and very little on scientific understanding of phenomena that occur. Leather processing consists of numerous interlinked chemical and mechanical operations that require large quantities of water of precise volumes, at an exact temperature, and at the right time. Excessive use and poor uptake of chemicals during leather processing operations generates pollutants which are toxic to bath human health and to the environment, having a negative impact on all forms of life. The leather industry figures on the list of 'The worlds worst pollution problems'. The inadequacy of existing control systems for leather processing conditions impose constant health and safety risks to tannery workers being vulnerable to operational hazards.
The recipes used for leather processing have been developed over generations and each tannery has its own recipes for getting the best quality of leather. A consistent quality of processed leather is hard to obtain due to: 1) raw hides/skins diversity, 2) animal origin, 3) means of preservation 4) type of finished leather produced, 5) processing in closed drums without proper monitoring and control, 6) leather is affinity to various chemicals. Technologies and standards adopted for leather processing vary massively from tannery to tannery.
The level of automation in tanneries around the world varies considerably. While in numerous tanneries automation systems are almost absent, chemical dosing, water batching, pH adjustment being performed manually, in others we find modern chemical reactors equipped with PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controlled by SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) technology.
Tanneries, are aggressive and corrosive environments of high complexity and diversity, comprising a large number of subsystems distributed geographically. Traditional control systems of tanneries are based on stale centralised architecture, that concentrates all control functions within a single central controller that is responsible for global production planning and scheduling of production activities. On the one hand, this approach provides long-term optimization of production in the case of stable, deterministic manufacturing environments, but on the other hand, represents a critical point of failure imposing an operational bottleneck and low agility and flexibility to unexpected disturbances. Nonetheless, tanneries are environnants where the occurrence of unexpected events is usually unavoidable.
Among the major difficulties in the automation of a tannery we can mention raw material diversity, discontinuity in processing operations, non-linear behaviour and time-variance of leather processing operations and the absence of mathematical models that accurately reflect the reality. In this situation, adoption of control solutions that are underpinned by artificiel intelligence, heuristic techniques based on experience, intelligent methodologies and multi-agent systems architectures represent a viable solution for leather processing control.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows :
Section 2. presents an overview of the mathematical models of the leather processing operations.
Section 3. summarizes the evolution of the leather manufacturing control technologies from manuel control to the one based on SCADA technology. The section also emphasizes the limitation of the centralized control and alleges that distributed control using intelligent agents opens the door to the creation of smart tannery.
Section 4 presents a multi-agent architecture for leather processing control. The subsequent section presents a case study that simulates the behaviour of the multi-agent TANMAS@ architecture in dealing with the control of leather processing. Finally Section 5 presents results, discussion and conclusions. |
| Note de contenu : |
- Distributed control of leather manufacturing processes
- Multi-agent systems for control of leather manufacturing processes
- Multi-agent architecture for leather processing control - Tanmas@ : Cases study |
| En ligne : |
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aJY-BO2ljCpwyJJVIX6gU-aWZzuNemy-/view?usp=drive [...] |
| Format de la ressource électronique : |
Pdf |
| Permalink : |
https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24555 |
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015) . - p. 151-156
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Towards the smart tannery enterprise in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015)
