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Sky fruit seed crush (SFSC) / Md. Abdur Razzaq in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024) . - p. 247-254 Titre : Sky fruit seed crush (SFSC) : a potential source of less salt curing of raw goatskin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Md. Abdur Razzaq, Auteur ; M. Mahfujur Rahman, Auteur ; Md. Motinur Rahman, Auteur ; Md. Salamat Ullah, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 247-254 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium Le chlorure de sodium est un composé chimique de formule NaCl. On l'appelle plus communément sel de table ou de cuisine, ou tout simplement sel dans le langage courant. C'est le principal produit dissous dans l'eau de mer ; on l'appelle alors sel marin. On l'obtient : dans des marais salants par évaporation de l'eau de mer, dans des mines, par extraction du sel gemme (halite) ou en le synthétisant lors de réactions à hautes températures entre du dichlore (Cl2) et du sodium métallique (Na). Le chlorure de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie chimique pour produire du chlore, de la soude caustique et de l’hydrogène. Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Cuirs et peaux -- Séchage Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Peaux brutes -- Salage Produits chimiques -- Consommation -- Réduction Swietenia macrophylla et constituants Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The curing of raw hides and skins using sodium chloride salt is a widely recognized technique, although it has negative consequences for the environment by elevating water salinity and introducing a significant amount of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). In order to tackle this issue, goat skin was conserved through the utilization of a mixture consisting of crushed sky fruit seeds and sodium chloride salt. Various ratios of mixtures were applied to raw goat skin to determine an optimal outcome. The most favorable result was achieved by utilizing a blend of 10% seed crush and 10% salt, based on the weight of the raw skin. A control specimen was run with the experimental specimen, and preservation-related variables such as odor, hair loss, shrinkage temperature, moisture level, and bacterial population were evaluated. After preservation, the experimental sample and a control sample were subjected to the standard leather processing technique. The liquor from both samples was analyzed to confirm the impact of the environment on preservation. The experimental trial indicated a 59% decrease in total dissolved solids (TDS) and a 44% reduction in chloride (Cl−) content. The processed leather samples were assessed for their quality through an analysis of their physical properties. Besides, the fiber structures were assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The comparative evaluation of the physiochemical properties of the introduced preservation showed superb results with the hope of new preservation possibilities. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Collection of skin and chemicals - Preparation of SFSC - FTIR analysis - Application of SFSC for curing - Moisture content - Nitrogen content - Bacterial count - Hydrothermal property - Leather making - Pollution load analysis - Physical properties analysis - SEM analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : FTIR analysis result of SFSC - Organoleptic properties - Moisture content - Nitrogen content - Bacterial count - Shrinkage temperature - Pollution load analysis - Physical properties study - SEM analysis - Table 1 : Percentage of salt and SFSC used for preliminary trials - Table 2 : Organoleptic properties of goat skin preserved in preliminary trial - Table 3 : Bacterial count in the preserved skins observed - Table 4 : Pollution load analysis of soak liquor of preserved goat skin - Table 5 : Physical properties of processed crust leather DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/3y0dqx25 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Nty_ZVh7LGysvKWMA6wGaWT5lxUYH3AP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40986 [article]

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Lightweight detection model for animal wet-blue hide surface defects based on Yolov5s / Qixin Han in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024) . - p. 255-267 Titre : Lightweight detection model for animal wet-blue hide surface defects based on Yolov5s Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Qixin Han, Auteur ; Yushan Wan, Auteur ; Luwen Cao, Auteur ; Rong Luo, Auteur ; Yafei Sun, Auteur ; Weikuan Jia, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 255-267 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Détection de défauts (Ingénierie) Surfaces -- défauts Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the process of animal leather processing, the surface damage of wet-blue hides restricts the quality of leather products. To ensure the efficiency and quality of animal leather processing, a lightweight model for detecting surface defects on wet-blue hides based on optimized YOLOv5s is proposed. The new model adopts the lightweight EfficientNetV2 network to extract surface defect features and incorporates a spatial pyramid pooling–fast (SPPF) structure at the end of the network to obtain features at different scales. Efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) was embedded in the bottom-up structure of the Neck section to achieve comprehensive feature extraction and retention, ensuring that spatial semantic features are adequately distributed in each feature. A dataset of wet-blue hide defects was constructed and used to verify the performance of the new model. the experimental results show that, the new model is superior to the commonly used classical detection models. The precision rates for detecting three types of leather surface defects, namely imprint, puncture, and breakage, are 86.5%, 95.3%, and 87.9%, respectively. These results can provide technical support for research of surface damage detection in other leather processing applications. Note de contenu : - The wet-blue hide defect dataset : Image acquisition - Data augmentation - Dataset creation - Lightweight detection model for surface defects on wet-blue hides : Defect feature extraction architecture - EMA attention module - The CIoU loss function - Experiments : Experimental operating platform - Details of the experimental implementation - Evaluation criteria - Ablation studies - Comparison experiments - Table 1 : Statistical summary of defect qantities by different size - Table 2 : The architecture of the EfficientNetV2 network - Table 3 : Results of comparative evaluations for defect detection in three leather categories - Table 4 : The impact of the efficientNetV2 and EMA modules on the experimental results - Table 5 : The detection results of both classical and state-of-the-art detection models for leather defects - Table 6 : The parameter count, computational complexity, and detection performance outcomes of the detection model DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/qwaj7v95 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gXRnNg4XxGBzOpLz-N3SxxMK6JV0b20L/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40987 [article]

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Enhancement of mechanical and thermal insulation properties of polyvinyl chloride foam using leather shavings / Chao Lei in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024) Titre : Enhancement of mechanical and thermal insulation properties of polyvinyl chloride foam using leather shavings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chao Lei, Auteur ; Xu Weixing, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur ; Yunhang Zeng, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Charges (matériaux) Chlorure de polyvinyle Cuirs et peaux -- Déchets -- Recyclage Essais de résilience Essais dynamiques Isolation thermique Mousses plastiques Mousses plastiques -- Propriétés mécaniques Rhéologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The global production of leather shavings (LSs) amounts to millions of tons annually, posing significant challenges in terms of resource waste and environmental pollution if not effectively managed. This study explores the utilization of LSs by fabricating modified leather fibers (MLFs) as reinforcing fillers to enhance the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams. The process involved pulverizing LSs and modifying them with a polyethylene glycol–isophorone diisocyanate (PEG–IPDI) prepolymer to create MLF. This MLF was then incorporated into PVC to produce MLF/PVC foam. The PEG–IPDI prepolymer modification aligned the surface free energy of MLF (33.82 ± 1.97 mJ/m2) with that of PVC (31.08 ± 3.65 mJ/m2), thereby improving their interfacial compatibility and imparting thermal energy storage capacity to the MLF. The resulting MLF/PVC foam exhibited enhancements in compressive strength and modulus, showing increases of 93.7% and 165.8%, respectively, compared to pure PVC foam. Furthermore, MLF/PVC foam demonstrated a slower surface temperature increase when heated using a heating plate at 110°C compared to pure PVC foam. These findings indicate that MLF enhances the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of PVC foams, primarily due to the improved foaming and thermal storage capacities imparted by the MLF. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Preparation of MLF - Preparation of PVC-based composite foams - Analyses of morphology and chemical structure - Analysis of rheological behavior - Analysis of foaming capacity - Testing of compressive properties - Analysis of thermal energy storage capacity - Testing of thermal insulation property - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Structure and properties of MLF - Interfacial structure of MLF/PVC - Rheological behavior of MLF/PVC - Foaming capacity of MLF/PVC - Mechanical properties of MLF/PVC foam - Thermal energy storage capacity of MLF/PVC foam - Thermal insulation properties of MLF/PVC foam - Table 1 : Formulation of pure PVC and composite foams - Table 2 : Thermal performance parameters of fillers and foams DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/syc1sb89 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VkmDNoHTu43WmMgf6eTJ34uTVdIWI9Za/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40988 [article]

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Expanding the practical approach for salt-free tanning / M. Sathish in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIX, N° 6 (06/2024) . - p. 279-289 Titre : Expanding the practical approach for salt-free tanning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Sathish, Auteur ; Surojit Manna, Auteur ; Nakkala Gopi Krishna, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 279-289 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Alumine Carbonate de sodium Le carbonate de sodium est un composé chimique ayant pour formule Na2CO3. Il s'agit d'un sel de sodium de l'acide carbonique. Dans le langage courant, on parle aussi de soude ou de cristaux de soude, à cause de son contenu en sodium et de sa forme habituellement cristalline. Par contre, il ne faut pas confondre le carbonate de sodium avec la soude caustique ou encore avec le bicarbonate de soude. Phénol Syntans Tannage combiné Le tannage combiné se dit des tannages qui allient deux familles ou genre de tannage pour obtenir un résultat additionnant les qualités complémentaires des tannins mis en Å“uvre par exemple Chrome-Végétal ou Chrome-Synthétique Tannage minéral Tannage dans lequel interviennent différents minéraux. Le plus répandu est le tannage aux sels de chrome, mais aussi à l’aluminium Tannage sans sels Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Our research group previously established a practical approach for salt-free chromium tanning by changing the order of addition of masking salts (COAMS) for electrolyte-cum-masking effect. The present work deals with the modified COAMS process for developing a salt-chromium-free tanning system using aluminium. The tanning conditions such as Al to masking salt (cirtate) ratio, Al2O3 offer, the effect of phenolic syntan, and its order of addition on tanning performance have been studied in detail. It was found that the addition of 3% sodium carbonate (based on the weight of aluminium sulfate) along with aluminium sulfate reduces the acidity without affecting the tanning performance and leather quality. The ideal conditions for the pickle-free aluminium tanning were found to be 1.5% Al2O3 offer, 5% phenolic syntan offer, and an Al to citrate ratio of 1:0.2. It was also found that the order of addition of phenolic syntan did not affect the tanning performance. Furthermore, in comparison to leather produced without syntan, the combined effect of aluminum and phenolic syntan raises the shrinkage temperature by 6°C (Without syntan: 74°, with syntan80°) and decreases the rate of shrinkage by 74%. However, the addition of phenolic syntan did not improve Al exhaustion and leaching resistance to water. The physical characteristics and fiber compactness have been improved by the addition of phenolic syntan. SEX-EDAX study reveals that the aluminum is uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Optimization of aluminium to masking salt ratio - Effect of phenolic syntan on tanning Performance - Changing the order of addition of phenolic syntan on tanning performance - Optimization of Al2O3 offer - Optimized tanning process - Analysis of aluminium leaching - Hydrothermal shrinkage temperature measurements - Physical strength characteristics and SEM analysis - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Salt-free aluminium tanning – Process strategy - Optimization study - Leaching study - Rate of hydrothermal shrinkage - Physical strength characteristics - SEM analysis - Table 1 : Process recipe for salt-chromium-free tanning Raw material : Goat delimed pelts, Thickness (Neck) : ~ 1.5 mm - Table 2 : Post-tanning process recipe (Thickness : 1.0 mm) - Table 3 : Optimization of Al2O3 offer - Table 4 : Physical strength characteristics of salt-free aluminium tanned leather with and without syntan treatment DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/p2bkbr74 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GARAXNsKqoB6V91A0FLew0yaHND2til-/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40989 [article]

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