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The probable cause of the multiple linear scratch defect of cattle hides in Ireland / H. P. Baker in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 62, N° 5 (09-10/1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 62, N° 5 (09-10/1978) . - p. 103-107 Titre : The probable cause of the multiple linear scratch defect of cattle hides in Ireland Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : H. P. Baker, Auteur ; H. Oormadzi, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 103-107 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Cuirs et peaux de bovins Rayures Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the Republic of Ireland the gross annual output of undressed hides and skins and manufactured leather goods exceeded £16 million in 1976. Whilst the hides of some countries command high prices because of their consistent good grading and consequent suitability for the manufacture of high priced goods, local hides are often down-graded because of defects of the grain or upper surface. Damage may occur ante-mortem. Post-mortem damage may occur at the time of flaying, as a result of poor storage or when processed. Tancous et al. (1959) considered that stable flies, horn flies and sucking flies caused leather damage but produced no experimental evidence, however Everett et al. (1977) provide evidence that in the United States the prime cause of damage was bard ticks, with Demodex bovis (the hair follicle mite) also being important. In a preliminary survey conducted in the Republic of Ireland, Baker (1973) showed the most common defect to be that of multiple scratches with consequent down-grading. He considered the cause to be ectoparasites. To substantiate the hypothesis that the multiple scratch defect results from ectoparasitism the following survey and experiments were undertaken. Note de contenu : - Table 1 : Survey of irish hides - Fig. 1 : Right side of tanned hide, only a few of the multiple scratches have been indicated by poster paint to display their distribution ; no tick bites or democex pustules were present - Fig. 2 : The scratch defect - Fig. 3 : Healed scratch - Fig. 4 : Post-mortem scratch made at chrome level stage - Fig. 5 : Close-up of cervical regions of experimentally infested animal - Fig. 6 : Close up oc cervical region of uninfested control animal - Fig. 7 : Scratch marks on steer A made eight days and five days prior to slaughter - Fig. 8 : Scratch marks on tanned leather of steer A - Fig. 9 : Tick bite marks on tanned leather, the coin is 1-75 cm in diameter En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rcZvhmfBGTtkE-SxBu4n76rmlQ-z33U1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40491 [article]

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The rapid fellmongering of New Zealand skins / Mary Dempsey in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 62, N° 5 (09-10/1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 62, N° 5 (09-10/1978) . - p. 108-113 Titre : The rapid fellmongering of New Zealand skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mary Dempsey, Auteur ; J. Haarer, Auteur ; I. R. Hughes, Auteur ; G. W. Vivian, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 108-113 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux Déchaulage Opération consistant à débarrasser les peaux de la chaux et des substances alcalines qui leur ont été appliquées au pelanage. Délainage Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In experiments on rapid processing of pelts with paints made of sodium sulphide and caustic soda thickened with lime, good pull was achieved after 2 h with a paint at 2000 mgEq NaOH/1 containing not less than 6° Bé sodium sulphide (4 % Na2S). The temperature in pile was controlled by the temperature of the pelt at painting. Raising the temperature in pile (18° was compared to 22°c) favoured wool loosening but unduly loosened the "scud" (epidermal residue left over the pelt) especially if the paint contained a high amount of caustic soda. After a 2 h wool pull and liming at cool temperatures (16° was compared with 26°c falling to 23° overnight) the pelt was more mottled than the normal current production. Liming at 32°c and pH 12.5 reduced mottle to a level satisfactory for nappa leathei and gave fuller feeling leather, but one of three cooperating tanners found some dull grain in leather from 2 h pull and warm liming. Liming at 32°c may be dangerously warm for works conditions: temperature not higher than 28 ° is recommended. The relation between the blood vessels in the skin and plumping on the one hand and, on the other, increased temperature and opening up of the fibre structure explains the development of mottle and its avoidance by warm liming. Note de contenu : - Preliminary tests - Experiment I - Experiment II - Results : Works reports - Laboratory report - Experiment III - Table 1 : The effect of alkalinity - Table 2 : Pulling (Experiment I) - Table 3 : The lime liquors (Experiment I) - Table 4 : Analyses of paint (experiment II) (mgEq NaOH/I) - Table 5 : Assessment of sample plets (experiment II) - Fig. 1 : Blood vessels and mottle. The collagen fibres are closely woven round the blood vessel and less compactly interwoven elsewhere. The diagram roughly indicates the flow of the fibres in the weave pattern of the pelt - Fig. 2 : Milk lamb pelt of normal production. The section has not quite gone along the blood vessel and the hatching in the diagram indicates its consequently vaguely pictured path through the pelt in the photomicrograph. Some wool roots (WR) and fat globules (F) are also indicated - Fig. 3 : Milk lamb of Quikpul production. The section went through some length of the blond vessel shown in the micrograph. Its direction through the pelt is indicated by arrows. The fibre structure is considerably opened up. The wall of the vessel appears relaxed En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rcZvhmfBGTtkE-SxBu4n76rmlQ-z33U1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40492 [article]

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