An approach for the treatment of vegetable tan liquor containing hydrolysable tannins / A. Sharli in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 10 (10/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 10 (10/2003) . - p. 381-387 Titre : An approach for the treatment of vegetable tan liquor containing hydrolysable tannins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Sharli, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balaraman Madhan, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 381-387 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In recent times leather industry is looking at options for a tanning system especially based on the natural products such as vegetable tanning materials. Nevertheless there is also a clear shortcoming in the usage of vegetable tanning materials because of the high organic load in the effluent generated, which is difficult to degrade and hence leads to high biological or chemical oxygen demand. Hence, in this study, methods to treat the effluent liquor containing myrobalan, a widely used hydrolysable tannin have been explored to reduce the pollution load generated by the same. Two methods have been adopted for the treatment of the myrobalan liquor. The first method involves breaking down of vegetable tannins to simpler compounds by oxidative degradation using hydrogen peroxide. The second method involves the precipitation of vegetable tannins using zinc sulfate as the precipitant. A 28% reduction in the COD has been obtained for the effluent liquor treated with H2O2 in the presence of Zerolite-Iron catalyst at 50°C. Myrobalan liquor precipitated with zinc sulfate at a pH of 10 has resulted in the reduction of COD by 74%. Additional reduction in the COD has been obtained by adapting the precipitation followed by oxidative degradation method in the presence of Zerolite-Iron catalyst, which has resulted in the reduction of COD load by 96%. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Mo8tKhLCzhOEqy3KmF-imU8IneHay7x8/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4152 [article]

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An assessment of differences between butt and belly regions of indian sheep skin / Dagnew Negasa in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CX, N° 6 (06/2015) . - p. 165-176 Titre : An assessment of differences between butt and belly regions of indian sheep skin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dagnew Negasa, Auteur ; Punitha Velmurugan, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 165-176 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de moutons Peau -- Histologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Skins and hides undergo changes in biochemical and biophysical properties during the leather processing. Biochemical composi-tion varies with respect to different portions of the skin like butt, belly, shank, and neck. Belly part looseness is the main problem in leather making from sheepskin. To address this issue, the present work focuses on analysis of histology and biochemical prop-erties of butt and belly portion of sheepskin from the southern part of India. Globular proteins are relatively higher in the butt portion than the belly, whereas it is reverse in the case of fibrous proteins except collagen. Interestingly, the presence of proteo-glycans content in butt regions is significantly high compared to belly and in case of fat content it is reverse. Acid soluble colla-gen contribution is higher in butt region than belly and vice-versa in the case of pepsin soluble collagen. In general, collagen con-tent is significantly higher in butt than belly, which may be the major cause for the higher strength characteristics of butt regions. Cr2O3 content is higher in butt region than belly, which corroborates with protein content and its interaction with tanning agents. Distribution of pore size influences the breathability property of leather, which has been altered in all the unit operations. Scan-ning electron microscopy study reveals the morphology of the grain and cross-section of the skin changes during leather pro-cessing. Thus, this study aids in better understanding of the butt and belly regions of Indian sheepskin. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Sample preparation - Non-collagenous proteins analysis - Fat content and chromic oxide content analysis - Thermal stability determination and pore size distribution - Collagen extraction and analysis - Conformational analysis - Scanning electron microscopic analysis - Histological examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Non-collagenous protein analysis - Fat content analysis - Thermal stability - Pore size distribution - Chromic oxide content analysis - Determination of collagen content - Scanning electron analysis - Histological examination En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/193mZgED0wKCjT-NWI09j55OhjbuB5McX/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24231 [article]

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An eco-benign tanning system using aluminium, tannic acid, and silica combination / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 73-81 Titre : An eco-benign tanning system using aluminium, tannic acid, and silica combination Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 73-81 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : One of the best ways to combat chrome pollution is to avoid chromium itself in tanning. With this view, a chrome-free combination tanning system has been established using aluminium, tannic acid, a precursor to vegetable tannins and silica. Since tannic acid has low molecular weight compared to vegetable tannins, it can be successfully used to make a variety of leathers and the problems associated with vegetable tannins like hard biodegradability of tannins, fullness and darkness of leathers can be avoided. The presence of aluminium not only improves the hydrothermal stability of leather but also gives a pleasant pastel color to the leather due to the formation of aluminium-tannic acid complex, which produces colour in the matrix thus leading to the concept of natural dyeing. The fastness properties of the color obtained have been studied and have been found to be significantly good. The presence of silica in the combination system gives rise to softness and fluffiness. The amount of tannic acid, aluminium sulfate and sodium metasilicate has been chosen as 10, 5, and 5% (on pelt weight), respectively. In order to avoid pollution due to pickling operation, pickle-less tanning has been carried out. Both upper and garment leathers have been made and the characteristics of the same have been studied. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained from this combination tanning system is about 95°C. The physical strength characteristics and the organoleptic properties of the leathers obtained are on par with or better than the conventional chrome tanned leathers. The effluent arising from this tanning system has been analyzed for its environmental impact. The exhaustion of aluminium is about 98%. Also, there is significant reduction in the COD and TDS. Thus, an eco-benign chrome-free combination tanning system has been established. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r-90QymqgKFRS1dTnYGfvzvHwoxG55AG/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4182 [article]

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An enzymatic beamhouse process coupled with semi-metal tanning and eco-benign post tanning leads to cleaner leather production / Subramani Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005) . - p. 174-186 Titre : An enzymatic beamhouse process coupled with semi-metal tanning and eco-benign post tanning leads to cleaner leather production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 174-186 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leather industry in the world is presently undergoing radical transformation due to environmental pollution and discharge statutes. Hence, the industry is stressed to search for cleaner leather processing. Present leatherprocessing methodologies are known to contribute higher pollution loads. This method of tanning process comprises 'do-undo' logic. In addition, the conventional methods followed in leather processing subject the collagen matrix to wide variation in pH (2.8 - 13.0). This is evidenced from the emission of huge amount of pollution loads such as bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), sulfates, chlorides and chromium. In the study illustrated here, the hair and flesh removal as well as fiber opening have been achieved using bio-products at pH 8.0, pickle free semi-metal tanning employing aluminium, vegetable tannins and silica followed by post-tanning using environmental benign chemicals. Hence, eco-benign chemicals have been used throughout the leather processing. It has been observed that the extent of hair removal and opening up of fiber bundles are comparable to that of conventionally processed leathers. This has been demonstrated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and softness measurements. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leathers obtained from this combination tanning system is about 100°C. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally chrome-tanned leathers through physical strength and hand evaluation. The developed process also exhibits significant reduction in BOD, COD, TDS and TS loads by 46, 33, 91, and 92%, respectively. Further, the developed process appears to be economically viable. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C3W77yjX6Y9IzNX6AsVESIapVLntwBAh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4065 [article]

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An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 149-158 Titre : An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; B. Chandrasekaran, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 149-158 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Coût-Efficacité Cuir -- teneur en chrome Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Déchets -- Réduction Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction Eaux usées -- Analyse Epilage enzymatique Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Present leather-making processes cause difficulties, with regard to their perceived environmental impact. Pre-tanning and tanning processes contribute more than 90% of the total pollution load from leather processing. Conventional process methods subject the skin to wide variations in pH. Such pH changes, lead to salt formation which results in a net increase in COD, TDS, chlorides, sulphates and chromium levels in tannery wastewaters. In this study, a three-step process sequence has been explored to limit the pH range in leather processing to between 4.0-8.0. A sequence of operations, viz. enzyme unhairing, NaOH based fibre opening and pickle-less chrome tanning produces leathers matching the functional performance of conventionally processed leathers but leading to substantial environmental benefits in the reduction of COD and total solids by 43 and 70%, respectively. Water consumption for processing is reduced to 17.81/Kg raw hide. The process sequence explored appears to be economically viable. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : - Standardisation of dehairing process - Standardisation of opening up of fibre bundles - Experimental tanning process (E) - Conventional tanning process (C, as followed in India) - EXAMINATION OF THE LEATHERS : - Input-output analysis - Scanning electron microscopic examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : - Standardisation of dehairing system - Standardisation of NaOH for opening up of fibre bundles - INTEGRATED THREE STEP TANNING PROCESS : AN APPRAISAL - Softness measurements - Scanning electron microscopic analysis - Chromium in leather - OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE LEATHER - Strength characteristics - Tactile properties - Environmental benefits - Techno-economic viability - INPUT-OUTPUT AUDIT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL PROCESS control process - Table 1 : Composition of depilatory mixture* for different methods of application - Table 2 : Extent of swelling and cross section pH of the pelts from preliminary fibre opening trials - Table 3 : Compression measurement and gradient data for control (C) and experimental (E) crust Leathers - Table 4 : Comparison of chromium content in wet blue leathers from control (C) and experimental (E) processes - Table 5 : Physical testing data of control (C) and experimental (E) leathers - Table 6 : Composite liquor analysis - Table 7 : Comparison of water requirement and discharge for control (C) and experimental (E) leather processing of 1 kg raw skins - Table 8 : Time and power consumption for the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes - Table 9 : Cost estimates of the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes - Table 10 : Input-output audit for both control and experimental process En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jxj7vQuxr9IAA_lOPXzd04eZ-44Kkiva/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39771 [article]

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An organic approach for wet white garment leathers / Marimuthu Pradeep Kumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 3 (03/2009)  

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Approach towards zero discharge tanning : exploration of NaOH based opening up method / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 6 (06/2001)  

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Approaches toward elucidating the mechanism of tanning using an organo-zirconium complex / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCV, N° 10 (12/2000)  

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Augmentation of garment sheepskin type properties in goatskins : Role of chromium-silica tanning agent / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 6 (11-12/2003)  

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A bio-driven lime and pickle free tanning paves way for freener garment leather production / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

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Bioaccumulation route for secured recovery and recoup of chromium from tannery wastewaters / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 5 (05/2004)  

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Chrome-melamine syntan : a step towards developing fuller leather / P. Balasubramanian in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CX, N° 10 (10/2015)  

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Chromium(III) pigments : Use of leather wastes as alternative starting material / Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVI, N° 7 (07/2011)  

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Chromium (VI) formation : thermal studies on chrome salt and chrome tanned hide powder / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 11 (11/2001)  

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Combination tanning based on tara : an attempt to make chrome-free garment leathers / Balaraman Madhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 6 (06/2007)  

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Consequence of UV irradiation on the zirconium tanned collagen : a molecular level study / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 12 (12/2008)  

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Cost effective fixing process for post tanning operation / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 3 (03/2010)  

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Development of formaldehyde-free leathers in perspective of retanning : Part 1. Benchmarking for the evolution of a single syntan system / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 10 (10/2007)  

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Development of a leather processing method in narrow pH profile : Part 1. Standardisation of dehairing process / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 84, N° 6 (11-12/2000)  

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Development of leather processing method in narrow pH profile : Part 2. Standardisation of tanning process / P. Thanikaivlaen in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 85, N° 3 (05-06/2001)  

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