Alternative solutions for fungal protection of packaged wet blue / George Stockman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 12 (12/2006)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CI, N° 12 (12/2006) . - p. 461-466 Titre : Alternative solutions for fungal protection of packaged wet blue Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : George Stockman, Auteur ; Ravindran Rangarajan, Auteur ; Dean Didato, Auteur Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : p. 461-466 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Every year, fungal growth on wet blue causes significant, costly damage measured as rework and downgrading of the resulting leather. Even the best mold control programs are prone to failure now and again. The reasons are varied and range from the programmed decomposition of fungicides in the wet blue to environmental exposure to the occurrence of mold species that could not be anticipated during fungicide selection. Tanners are always on the lookout for a novel antifungal substance that can be applied after palletizing, immediately prior to packaging of the wet blue. Such a post-process spray would provide just ehough added protection to minimize damage during extended shipment and storage intervals. Several synthetic fungicides have shown to be effective in this role, but their toxicity profiles preclude their being applied to the palletized wet blue by spray application. A group of low risk, environmentally benign substances has shown significant antifungal properties when applied to wet blue. The extracts of select naturally occurring plants have been tested for efficacy against commonly encountered molds. These compounds can be applied to the substrate with other commonly available organics by spray application, while presenting minimal risk to the user or the environment. This new family of leather fungicides can be used as part of an integrated system of wet blue fungal protection. As such, they will complement the existing wet blue fungicide programs to help extend storage intervals. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ra-BluONF5r94OWyBUbuzRtkKkSA7AjP/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3855 [article]

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Antibiotics in hide preservation and bacteria control / George Stockman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 2 (02/2007)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CII, N° 2 (02/2007) . - p. 62-67 Titre : Antibiotics in hide preservation and bacteria control Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : George Stockman, Auteur ; Dean Didato, Auteur ; Elton L. Hurlow, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 62-67 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The use of antibiotics requires careful deliberation regarding both the criteria for their selection and the methodology of their application. Certain widely available antibiotics, including Doxycycline HCl, have demonstrated activity for short-term preservation of fresh hides. By eliminating the requirement of dry salt or brine curing, there are potential major benefits from reduced environmental burden. When used in the soak, such antibiotics may prove to be an economical alternative to conventional antimicrobials currently used for this purpose. However, evaluation of the use of clinically significant antibiotics must take into consideration other factors besides efficacy in hide preservation or bacterial protection during soaking. In particular, we must consider potential long-term risks associated with non-therapeutic applications of molecules that have been shown to be effective human antibiotics. Before adopting widespread use of clinical antibiotics in hide preservation and soaking, it would be sensible to weigh the benefits and the potential consequences of such uses in the broadest context of global health, politics, and business decision-making. This paper will explore the use of antibiotics in industry and will discuss widely differing viewpoints on the subject. The widespread use of antibiotics for promotion of the general health and growth of food-producing animals will be reviewed. Such uses account for approximately 70% of the antibiotics and other antimicrobials used in the United States and are the subject of vigorous ongoing debate. Antibiotic usage for hide preservation and soaking protection will likely undergo similar scrutiny. Clear guidance has been provided by the World Health Organization Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics. Adoption of these policies by nations around the world is occurring at a slow yet measured pace. Industrial uses of antibiotics offer obvious immediate environmental benefits, offset by possible long-term compromised viability against significant human diseases. This disparity presents members of the hide and leather industries with an interesting opportunity to test Environment, Safety and Health Policies, as well as Corporate Vision. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DGTlz6V8cpE8TN8kf2SpdZMf_DZa6o5i/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3369 [article]

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Extraction of DNA from leather and applications to the supply chain / George Stockman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 1 (01/2007)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CII, N° 1 (01/2007) . - p. 22-26 Titre : Extraction of DNA from leather and applications to the supply chain Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : George Stockman, Auteur ; Dean Didato, Auteur ; Ravindran Rangarajan, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 22-26 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Many articles that are sold as 'genuine' chamois leathers do not legally meet the requirements of this definition. There are USA and British Standards that detail what can be described as genuine chamois (along with specifications in other countries). This limits the type of material that can be used for chamois production and also the type of tannage. The authenticity testing of chamois leather is complicated. The most technically challenging element has been proving the origin of the species. This is because chamois leather does not have the grain layer present which would facilitate species diagnosis by microscopy. A technique has been developed that allows the extraction and amplification of DNA in leather samples to provide unequivocal species identification. This is an exciting development for the leather industry, using state of the art genetic testing procedures and could offer scope with outer authenticity issues including trading standards and protected species. This technique is also of value with regards to identification of animal origin. This for example would assist with ensuring that material sold as being from a particular region was genuine. The definition of chamois leather also relates to the type of tannage (which must be of an oil type). Aldehyde tanning followed by marine oil fatliquoring does not meet the British Standard classification of chamois leather (In the USA the leathers must be solely oil tanned). It is known that the mechanism of oil tanning is through cross-linking of acrolein and peroxides liberated during the auto oxidation of the marine oil, with the lysine residues on the collagen. This cross-link is very stable to acid digestion. Research has determined that it is possible to determine whether leather has been subjected to a full oil tannage through analysis of the concentration of lysine released after acid hydrolysis. Genuine chamois leather exhibits lower levels of free lysines. This analysis along with quantification of the level of formaldehyde provides a suite of tests that can be used to authenticate chamois. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B2PAzGZbnL8vHBakykWrnDcA6xqQ2kc-/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3374 [article]

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Fungicides in military leather : an additional option for tanners producing specification leathers / Dean Didato in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIV, N° 7 (09/1999)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIV, N° 7 (09/1999) . - p. 245-258 Titre : Fungicides in military leather : an additional option for tanners producing specification leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dean Didato, Auteur ; Stephen S. Yanek, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p. 245-258 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : For several decades, paranitrophenol (PNP) has been specified for use in the manufacture of U.S. military leather items. However, PNP lacks the essential U.S. Environmental Protection Agency registration for such use. Supplies of PNP are tightly controlled by the manufacturer, and are only released upon receipt of a Department of Defense (DOD) contract number. The inherent problem for the tanner lies in the trace PNP that appears in the process effluent and in solid wastes (shavings and trimmings). Environmental, regulatory compliance, and worker health issues have compelled the industry to seek replacements for paranitrophenol. Several alternative fungicides are included in military specification MIL-PRF-3122H as well as the forthcoming MIL-PRF-3122I. However, performance data relative to the use of these alternatives has not been published, nor is it readily available. The authors of this paper will share the results of recent testing to determine the feasibility of an U.S.E.P.A.-registered formulation of 2-(thiocyanomethyl-thio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) in military specification shoe upper leather as a PNP replacement. These studies were undertaken with the guidance of the U.S. Army Natick Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NRDEC). Testing began with Federal Test Method Standard No. 191A, Method 5762, entitled “Mildew Resistance of Textile Materials - Soil Burial Method”, and was followed by the standard test method for the Slit Tear Resistance of Leather (ASTM D2212) as well as environmental chamber testing. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : SGS U.S. testing : soil burial & strenght properties - Environmental chamber testing/fungal resistance En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LsSYUSNfVVejh2wo7G7_fVPxMe1kvA1F/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4449 [article]

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Measurement of bacterial populations in typical tannery soak solutions by traditional and new approaches / Ravindran Rangarajan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 12 (12/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVIII, N° 12 (12/2003) . - p. 477-486 Titre : Measurement of bacterial populations in typical tannery soak solutions by traditional and new approaches Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ravindran Rangarajan, Auteur ; Stephen D. Bryant, Auteur ; Dean Didato, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 477-486 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : It has been well documented that bacteria will readily proliferate during the typical soaking process if left unchecked. Tanners are rightfully concerned about the extent of biological activity in their soaking process and the impact this can have on the grain integrity and strength of the resulting leather. However, inquiries such as what level of microbial activity is a cause for alarm or is there a threshold activity limit below which it can be considered acceptable abound. A project was undertaken to survey several of the largest beamhouses in the USA to determine the level of microbial activity at each location as well as differences in nature of the raw material utilized and the type of control programs in place (if any). Data was collected utilizing traditional and new techniques for measurement. The results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn regarding the extent of biological activity present in typical operating conditions in the different tanneries studied. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BOYu3LHww3aKtdhpSxKZS7XaSzQKRVU5/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4169 [article]

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Recent developments in the short-term preservation of cattle hides / Dean Didato in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 11 (11/2008)  

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Soaking : Balancing operational and quality issues using both fresh and brine cured hides / George Stockman in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 3 (02/2008)  

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The interaction of organic microbicides and commonly utilized commercial enzymes. Technical note / Dean Didato in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXXI, N° 4 (04/1996)  

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The replacement of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) as degreasing agents in wet blue manufacture / George Stockman in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 6 (10/2005)  

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What do tanners know about soaking ? / George Stockman in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 213, N° 4808 (04/2011)  

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