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Improving tearing resistance of leather - Part 1 prevention and treatment of low tearing strength in the tannery / Ricardo A. Tournier in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021) . - p. 419- Titre : Improving tearing resistance of leather - Part 1 prevention and treatment of low tearing strength in the tannery Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ricardo A. Tournier, Auteur ; Fernando Lado, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 419- Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chaulage Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de bovins Epilage Peaux brutes -- Trempe Résistance à la déchirure Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : An appropriate tear strength is one of the main properties that concern customers and it is also a significant source of claims. The authors make a review of the production process, focusing on each step that can either damage the natural strength of collagen fibers or improve them and therefore, the leather. Although the authors’ experience is in bovine hides, the general concepts presented in this paper may be applied to other types of hides and skins. The aim of this work is to transfer field tannery experiences collected over 40 years of activity in different tanneries, to colleagues that are looking for world class leather production. Note de contenu : - 1.0 COLLAGEN AS RAW MATERIAL : Collagen and fibers - Fibers mechanical properties - Collagen types - Species - Bovine hides - Vertical fiber defect, VFD - 2.0 COLLAGEN DESTRUCTION : Proteolytic action - Proteolytic activity - Traceability - HIDES PRESERVATION : Short term preservation - Long term preservation - 4.0 SOAKING - 5.0 DEHAIRING AND LIMING - APPENDIX 1 - Table 1 : Bacterial counts vs. risks of fiber damage DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i12.4686 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rUyDMHnzcITaEw8Hkyxl3w_C4eFlYCGU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36781 [article]

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Analysis of process safety and occupational health in leather Process industry : A Holistic approach / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021) . - p. 428-434 Titre : Analysis of process safety and occupational health in leather Process industry : A Holistic approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 428-434 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Air intérieur -- Pollution Conditions de travail Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie Hygiène du travail Pollution par le bruit Produits chimiques -- Toxicologie Risques pour la santé Sécurité du travail Travailleurs -- Protection Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Process Safety and Occupational health (PSOH) aspects in process industries are essential and need more consideration along with development in manufacturing and processing. In this regard, PSOH aspects are essential for the leather industry in order to prevent health hazards associated with it and improve upon adequate measures. Better safeguards and practices are necessary in PSOH for the benefit of not only for people working in the industry but for the environment at large. The situation is significant wherever hazardous chemicals or chemicals which could lead to compromise on safety in the workplace are involved. The degree of toxicity or hazard and exposure limit associated for some of them, inside factory premises are of major concern. In addition to the chemicals, other aspects such as dusts, noise levels, lighting, ergonomics, ventilation, personal safety and hygiene are worth considering. As mentioned above, the present paper analyzes various aspects of PSOH in leather process industries as a holistic approach. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Ammonia generation in deliming processing - Environnemental and health hazards associated with ammonia - Odor causing gaes in the tannery - Toxic gas generation in drains - OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN LEATHER INDUSTRY AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS : Solutions to air pollution in tannery environement - Particulate matters hazard - Noise pollution in leather and leather products industries - Safety personal protective equipment - Mechanical and electrical hazards - Table 1 : General chemical utilization levels in leather processing based on mass balance (% based on skin/plet/sammed wet-blue weight) - Table 2 : Material safety and toxicity date for major chemicals employed in various unit operations in leather processing - Table 3 : Exposure limits and health factors associated with ammonia gas - Table 4 : Major odorous gases emanating from various unit operations in leather processing - Table 5 : Major VOC causing gases caused in various unit operations causing and their PEL's (Permissible Exposure Limit) for 8-hour TWA ( Time Weighted Average) - Table 6 : Details of particulate matter emanating from tannery causing dust pollution - Table 7 : The national noise pollution (regulation and control) rules, 2000, India on ambient air quality standards in respect of noise - Table 8 : List safety personal protective equipment for various unit operations in leather or leather products DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i12.4687 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rQBSY5B59autJRkB9CDt3Zk79eIdNuFJ/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36782 [article]

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Long-term releasing kinetics of chromium from leather / Wenjun Long in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021) . - p. 435-441 Titre : Long-term releasing kinetics of chromium from leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wenjun Long, Auteur ; Liangqiong Peng, Auteur ; Xiaofeng Jiang, Auteur ; Faming He, Auteur ; Whenhua Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 435-441 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Composés organiques Cuir -- teneur en chrome Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Lixiviation Température Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The release of chromium from leather inevitably results in potential risks and this study is conducted to investigate the long-term releasing behavior. The leaching tests proceed using water at solid to liquid ratio of 1:20 and rotational speed 60 r/min for 240 hours to simulate the release of chrome leather under natural conditions. The experimental data successfully fit with the Pseudo-second-order equation, Elovich equation, and Weber-Morris model, indicating the long-term leaching behavior of chromium in heterogeneous leather is controlled by liquid-solid film, while the interparticle and intraparticle diffusion also play important roles. The leachable chromium accounts for 2.8-4.5% total chromium in leather and increases with temperature. The Three-compartment model depicts the releasing process as rapid, slow, and very slow stages, and temperature mainly affected the very slow stage. The amount of released chromium in rapid and slow stages slightly increases with temperature, which could be used to assess the hazard of chrome leather. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials and reagents - Experimental method. Leaching experiment - Chromium analysis - The organics released - Scanning electron microscope and differential. Scanning calorimetry - Nitrogen adsorption analysis - RESULT AND DISCUSSION : Chromium released from leather at various temperatures - Kinetics analysis for Cr release - Elovich equation - The pseudo-second-order rate equation - Three-compartment model - Table 1 : Coefficients of determination (R2) for the kinetic models of chromium leaching from leather - Table 2 : The parameters of three-compartment model DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i12.4688 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AbRu_t61-UoxZ8fp8hu_K5vf47sLV_an/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36783 [article]

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Development of leather cutting board from plastic waste / Fitsum Etefa Ahmed in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 12 (12/2021) . - p. 443-452 Titre : Development of leather cutting board from plastic waste Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fitsum Etefa Ahmed, Auteur ; Rotick K. Gideon, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 443-452 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Coupe Coût-Efficacité Cuir, Travail du Cuirs et peaux -- Appareils et matériels Essais dynamiques Matières plastiques -- Recyclage Planche à découper Polyéthylène haute densité Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Cutting is the process in which goods or garment material are cut and converted into pattern shapes of the goods or garment components. There are two methods of Leather cutting, which are hand cutting and machine cutting. Hand cutting is done with the use of hand knife, cutting board and cutting patterns. Machine cutting can be done using semi-automatic cutting machines or fully-automatic cutting machines. Currently, in Ethiopia, different local and foreign investors are participating in leather products manufacturing. Most of the leather product manufacturing industry and some Small and Medium enterprise’s (SME’s) in the country are using leather cutting machines in order to cut leather goods or garment parts. Most of the industry and SMEs are using imported cutting board made of plastics and rubbers. However, these cutting boards are expensive. Note de contenu : - INTRODUCTION : Plastic and plastic board - High density polyethylene (HDPE) - Plastic additives - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials - Methods of data collection - Research design and method - Method of HDPE plastic waste amount estimation - Cutting board development procedures - Cutting board development - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Amount of input mold material and output developed mold weight analysis - Cost analysis - Cutting board physical properties testing - Compression test for cutting board purchased from market (standard) - Compression test result for cutting board purchased from market - Compression test for developed cutting board - Compression test result for developed cutting board - Hardness test - Table 1 : Composition & generation rate of the waste at Bahir Dar city - Table 2 : Material used for cutting board development - Table 3 : Amount of input mold material and output mold weight - Table 4 : Developed cutting board cost analysis - Table 5 : Hardness test for standard cutting board (market) and developed cutting board DOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i12.4689 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VwqOuejYtTU4ZIg0cVvG7USlTGi_nHhM/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36784 [article]

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