Beamhouse and tanning operations : process chemistry revisited / T. Ramasami in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 83, N° 1 (01-02/1999)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 83, N° 1 (01-02/1999) . - p. 39-45 Titre : Beamhouse and tanning operations : process chemistry revisited Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. Ramasami, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Chandra Babu Narasimhan Kannan, Auteur ; K. Parthasarathi, Auteur ; P. G. Rao, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; R. Gayathri, Auteur ; Kalarical Janardhanan Sreeram, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p. 39-45 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leather processing technologies are under critical review in recent times. Traditional methods in leather processing have involved the use of large amounts of water and chemical inputs. The general practice in tanneries has involved the use of nearly 35-40 litres of water per kilogram of leather processed. Processes have not been audited for utilisation of chemical inputs. In some cases, the utilisation levels of chemicals employed fall in the ranges of 40-75 % . Such non-optimum use of chemical and water input has led to problems in both cost effectiveness due to material loss and pollution from unused chemicals. It has become essential that the beamhouse and tanning processes are audited for their environmental loads. Whereas there is sufficient awareness in leather processing industries regarding the costs of compliance with national environmental regulatory norms, the potential benefits of cleaner production technologies with respect to cost saving are not fully understood. Further, with increasing inventory costs, audit of beamhouse and tanning processes is becoming crucial. Process time in leather making operations is influenced by several physico-chemical parameters. One of the major factors influencing process time of beamhouse and tanning operations in leather processing is the duration needed for diffusion of materials. A re-visit to the chemistry of beamhouse and tanning operations at this critical juncture is worthwhile. An attempt has been made in this work to critically review the process chemistry and discuss possible improvement options. Some case studies are presented in this work where reduction of BOD and COD levels by 30-40 %, Total Dissolved Solids by 25-35 %, sulphide by 50-60 % and chromium by 98-99 % has been achieved under real field conditions through improved beamhouse and tanning operations. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7856 [article]

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Electro-oxidation of saline wastewater from tannery and reuse of recovered salt / P. Vijayalakshmi in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 11 (11/2009)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIV, N° 11 (11/2009) . - p. 384-391 Titre : Electro-oxidation of saline wastewater from tannery and reuse of recovered salt Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : P. Vijayalakshmi, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; Raghavan Chandrasekar, Auteur ; S. Sundarapandiyan, Auteur ; G. Rajeswari, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 384-391 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux Tannage Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The objective of this work is to treat the saline wastewater from tanneries to recover salt and to study the reuse of the recovered salt. Soak liquor from the tannery was treated electrochemically using graphite electrodes. The reduction in TKN, protein and COD was 78.52%, 83.02% and 79.35% respectively and complete disinfection was also achieved. The treated soak liquor was evaporated by solar evaporation and the salt recovered used for curing of skins. Curing efficacy was assessed for a period of 32 days. The preservation efficacy of the recovered salt, in terms of moisture and bacterial population of the hides, was found to be on par with that of the hides preserved using fresh salt. Soaking wastewater of volume 1 m3 was also treated on a commercial scale. Three batches of treatment were carried out. The salt recovered was reused for preservation of raw hides. The quality of the preserved hides and the wet blue leathers were also assessed. Results of the commercial scale experiments were similar to the results of the laboratory scale experiments. Cost of treatment was about 0.68 US $ per m3. Electrochemical treatment of soak liquor was found to be effective in pollution attenuation. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LbcsXqF216V1kkUgVsAYzqfDFq8vjq6H/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6387 [article]

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Microemulsion copolymers for retanning applications on leathers / G. V. Ramana in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 4 (04/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIII, N° 4 (04/2008) . - p. 144 - 150 Titre : Microemulsion copolymers for retanning applications on leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : G. V. Ramana, Auteur ; R. W. Sugumar, Auteur ; D. Premkumar, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 144 - 150 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The microemulsion polymerization method is used to synthesize tercopolymers of styrene, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid with finer particle dispersions. Four compositions of the monomers mixture are used in these syntheses. The copolymeriztion reactions are carried out at 70°C with potassium persulphate (KPS) as the initiator. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and n-heptanol (HA) are being used as the surfactant and cosurfactant combinations, respectively, in these reaction media.These experimental products are employed in retanning wet blue goat skins along with the fatliquoring agent, Balmol SXE. The offer of the experimental products are varied in the retanning experiments and the effects of these products on retanned goat skins are observed by measuring tensile strength, tearing strength and bursting strength. The copolymer products II and III containing 5 and 7.5 weight percents of methacrylic acid as comonomer units , respectively, in the copolymers show considerable improvement in these properties. Product I containing no methacrylic acid groups in the copolymer shows improvement in tensile strength and fall in other properties. Product IV containing 10 (%wt) of methacrylic acid groups in the copolymer does not show considerable improvement in these physical properties, the tensile strength decreases with the offer of the product, no uniform variation of tear strength with the offer level and the grain bursting strength increases with the offer of the product. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) are obtained for the leathers retanned with product I and these SEM analyses reveal good filling of the product I in the leather matrix. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OnFzPygFxGA9SGckE9oqkCa9gAHrVPlL/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=2569 [article]

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Microemulsion solutions of acrylic copolymers for retanning applications on chrome tanned goat skins / G. Mallikajun in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 6 (06/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 6 (06/2002) . - p. 215-224 Titre : Microemulsion solutions of acrylic copolymers for retanning applications on chrome tanned goat skins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : G. Mallikajun, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; G. V. Ramana, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 215-224 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The tercopolymer microemulsion (M.E.) solutions of methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) are prepared with four different compositions, by employing sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and n-pentanol (PA) as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, and by using potassium persulphate (KPS) as free radical initiator at a temperature of 70°C. The experimental products are employed in retanning chrome tanned goatskins along with the fatliquoring agent, Vernaminol liquor ASN. The offer of the experimental products are varried in the retanning experiments and the effects of these products on retanned goat skins are observed by measuring tensile strength, tearing strength and bursting strength. The experimental products show marked improvement in these properties. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies are carried out on the retanned leathers retanned by application of microemulsion copolymer solutions prepared with 10 and 15 % of MAA, respectively, in the initial feeds of the microemulsion copolymerization experiments. The SEM analysis shows good filling and retanning effect with the experimental product containing the maximum MAA units in the copolymer under present study. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies of the retanned leathers retanned by employing the experimental products prepared with 10 and 15 percents of MAA units in the initial feeds of the microemulsion copolymerizations show the endothermic processes, respectively, at 105 and 118°C, which indicates higher shrinkage temperature by the application of the experimental product containing more MAA units (15%) in the copolymer and good retanning ability of the product. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jdLAWCGVLQQw90zMGCvZPJvfq-PVPi5h/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4290 [article]

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Phytoremediation of soil using Sesuvium Portulacastrum - Part I / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 1 (01/2009)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CIV, N° 1 (01/2009) . - p. 17-24 Titre : Phytoremediation of soil using Sesuvium Portulacastrum - Part I : Removal of Na+ and Cl from tannery wastewater treated soil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Swarna Vinodh Kanth, Auteur ; R. Rengaswamy, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; P. Saravanan, Auteur ; A. Tamil Selvi, Auteur ; P. Ramesh Kannan, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 17-24 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Salt tolerant halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum (S. portulacastrum) is capable of absorbing sodium chloride. In the present study, the feasibility of using S. portulacastrum as a bioaccumulant for NaCl present in tannery wastewater has been studied. The plants were grown in soil fed with tannery wastewater with varying concentrations of NaCl. The growth parameters of the plants such as root and shoot length was studied. The amount of Na+ and Cl- accumulated by the plant in leaves and shoots were estimated. The accumulation of Na+ and Cl- increased with increase in plant density and salt concentration of tannery wastewater. However, it has been found that increase in salt concentration resulted in reduced growth of the plant. It has been observed that 34% of Na+ and 22% of Cl- were absorbed by the plant at a NaCl concentration of 15000 ppm at high plant density conditions. Maximum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- has been observed in leaves compared to stems and shoots. The results of the present work indicate that S. portulacastrum can be used for bioaccumulation of sodium chloride. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-Sp4AQLByGyxpRwvhUU1mRn5vvEB8QKa/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3251 [article]

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Preservation of goatskin using tamarindus indica leaf extract - Green process approach / A. Tamil Selvi in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 99, N° 3 (05-06/2015)  

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Studies on the use of Sesuvium Portulacastrum - Part II / Swarna Vinodh Kanth in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIV, N° 1 (01/2009)  

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