Acoustic emission studies for leather coatings / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002) . - p. 389-399 Titre : Acoustic emission studies for leather coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Gary L. DiMaio, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 389-399 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Finishing, the final step in the leather-making process, contributes to the beauty and durability of leather. Choosing the right coating is critical in obtaining a satisfactory finishing result, such as good flexing endurance and no surface cracking. Acoustic emission has been known to be a useful method to characterize the coating properties for the automobile industry. As a continuation of our efforts to investigate the applications of acoustic emission technology to leather manufacture, we exploited the AE technique to measure the flexing endurance of leather coatings. An acoustic sensor was clipped to the grain layer of finished leather in a tensile test to collect various acoustic quantities. Observations showed that differences in the flexibility of the coatings can be analyzed by examining the plot of the AE count rate as a function of time. We have concluded that a quantitative association exists between the flexibility of coatings and the cumulative acoustic counts produced at an initial tensile stretch. The results of this AE research may provide a route to examine the flexing endurance of leather coatings. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/17XHDAPdWdQ7O00GaBVyeWxcxXqZAELad/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4267 [article]

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Degree of opening-up of the leather structure characterized by acoustic emission / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 10 (10/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 10 (10/2001) . - p. 367-381 Titre : Degree of opening-up of the leather structure characterized by acoustic emission Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Nicholas P. Latona, Auteur ; Gary L. DiMaio, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 367-381 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Liming is one of the key steps in the leather-making process - to remove hair and non-collagenous materials from the hide and, more importantly, to open up the fibrous structure for tanning and lubrication. However, the leather industry lacks an effective means to identify proper liming conditions that produce a sufficient degree of opening-up. As part of our effort to investigate the applications of acoustic emission technology to leather manufacture, we have examined the feasibility of using the acoustic emission (AE) technique to measure the degree of opening-up of leather produced with various liming times. Leather samples were stretched and contacted with an acoustic sensor to collect various acoustic quantities. Observations showed that a change in the degree of opening-up of the fiber structure associated with the increase of liming time can be detected by a history plot of acoustic emission counts. The samples with less than 24 hours liming show a relatively smooth history plot, whereas the samples with a liming time greater than 24 hours produce a pronounced saw-shaped pattern, and the longer the liming time, the more erratic the pattern becomes. This behavior mirrors the change in the extent of opening-up of the fibrousstructure engendered by the lime action. We have concluded that a qualitative association exists between the degree of opening-up of leather and the acoustic counts patterns measured by an AE analyzer. The results of this work may provide a route tomonitor the degree of opening-up of leather. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YyFJnJ94vP5CvllhTnob7wyj32PG1tbS/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4359 [article]

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Effects of vacuum drying variables on the mechanical properties of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 7 (07/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 7 (07/2001) . - p. 243-254 Titre : Effects of vacuum drying variables on the mechanical properties of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cheng-Kung Liu, Auteur ; Gary L. DiMaio, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 243-254 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Due to its fast drying speed, vacuum drying has become one of the most popular drying methods in recent years for leather manufacture. However, information regarding how drying conditions affect the resulting leather mechanical properties is lacking. Without this information, drying operations often produce leather with poor mechanical properties. Therefore, we conducted a systematic vacuum drying study to gain a clear picture of how drying variables affect the mechanical properties of vacuum-dried leather. Data clearly indicate that a lower drying temperature, shorter drying time, and proper initial water content in leather are favorable conditions to produce stronger and softer leather. In this investigation we not only formulate the relationship between drying factors and mechanical properties, but also explore the possibility using a mass transfer quantity such as drying rate to generalize the complex relationship between drying variables and resultant mechanical properties. Observations showed that the rate of drying is one of key factors that governs the tear strength. This investigation may benefit the leather industry in optimizing drying conditions to obtain improved mechanical properties. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jC0uJ8b0JslmVpIWOUFYmtkscjj06JIe/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4367 [article]

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Electron beam irradiation preservation of cattle hides in a commercial-scale demonstration / David G. Bailey in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 10 (10/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 10 (10/2001) . - p. 382-392 Titre : Electron beam irradiation preservation of cattle hides in a commercial-scale demonstration Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David G. Bailey, Auteur ; Gary L. DiMaio, Auteur ; Andrew G. Gehring, Auteur ; Graeme D. Ross, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 382-392 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In 1999, the USDA approved the use of electron beam and gamma ray irradiation for the cold pasteurization of red meat including the elimination of E. coli O157-H7 in hamburger. Titan, Incorporated, of San Diego has contracted with a major red meat producer to construct the first electron beam irradiation facility dedicated to this purpose. This opens up the possibility of applying electron beam technology to preserve cattle hides in order to eliminate environmentally hazardous brine curing in these same packing plants. With this in mind, Titan entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the Agricultural Research Service to conduct an industrial-scale evaluation of the use of electron beam irradiation for cattle hide preservation. We have conducted a one-hundred-and-fifty-hide matched-side experiment to evaluate preservation, leather quality and yield of electron-beam-preserved cattle hides as compared to brine-cured hides. The hides in this study were individually identified immediately after slaughter in Schuyler, NE, trucked to a tannery in St. Joseph, MO, to prepare them for irradiation, trucked to Cranbury, NJ, for irradiation and then returned to St. Joseph to be tanned. A total of three weeks elapsed between hide removal and tanning. After storage at room temperature, all of the hides appeared to be as fresh and clean as they were just after flaying. Weight, area and visual quality were measured at various stages throughout the process. With the exception of draw, which was considerably better on the irradiated sides compared to the brine sides, all of the parameters measured were equivalent for both preservation treatments. An analysis of the results obtained will be presented along with the potential impact of cattle hide irradiation on the tanning and packing industries. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1djIQkTZvlO7uOhm9HLdIHqmGFFScmUsA/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4360 [article]

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Evaluation of urea sulfate as a replacement for sulfuric acid in chrome tanning / Andrew G. Gehring in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 7 (07/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 7 (07/2001) . - p. 268-274 Titre : Evaluation of urea sulfate as a replacement for sulfuric acid in chrome tanning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Andrew G. Gehring, Auteur ; David G. Bailey, Auteur ; Gary L. DiMaio, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 268-274 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Concentrated sulfuric acid is a noxious and corrosive chemical that must be handled with extreme care by workers in the leather tanning industry. A safe alternative to sulfuric acid in the chrome tanning process would be desirable if the alternative was demonstrated to be an equally efficient replacement. Small steer hide pieces (unhaired and bated) were treated with either sulfuric acid or urea sulfate, converted into leather, and physically tested in a laboratory bench scale study. Large hide pieces (unhaired and bated matched sides) were chrome-tanned in a pilot plant, again to compare sulfuric acid with urea sulfate. This paper documents that physical testing (hide swelling, shrinkage temperature, stress/strain, quantification of chromium uptake) results exhibited no remarkable difference between either the sulfuric acid or urea sulfate treated hide pieces. These results demonstrate that urea sulfate would be an acceptable alternative for sulfuric acid should circumstances (economic, legally mandated environmental protection issues, safety, etc.) warrant it. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F1ORzM0qgm5ym_zHKOU_ZI4Fjq9TF5m1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4370 [article]

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Evaluation of urea sulfate as a substitute for formic acid in the retan, color, and fatliquor process / Andrew G. Gehring in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 9 (09/2001)  

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Improved hide quality and rapid unhairing / Andrew G. Gehring in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 9 (09/2002)  

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Lubrication of leather with polyethylene glycol / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 9 (09/2002)  

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Milling effects on mechanical behaviors of leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 6 (06/2007)  

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Modified collagen hydrolysate, potential for use as a filler for leather / Wuyong Chen in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 7 (07/2001)  

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Nondestructive testing using rotational acoustic emission sensors / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 11 (11/2005)  

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Polymeric coatings containing antioxydants to improve UV and heat resistance of chrome-free leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 6 (06/2008)  

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Rapid oxidative unhairing with alkaline calcium peroxide / Andrew G. Gehring in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVIII, N° 6 (06/2003)  

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Staking and its interaction with fatliquoring on vacuum-dried leather / Cheng-Kung Liu in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 9 (09/2002)  

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Unhairing with proteolytic enzymes derived from Streptomyces griseus / Andrew G. Gehring in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 10 (10/2002)  

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