An enzymatic beamhouse process coupled with semi-metal tanning and eco-benign post tanning leads to cleaner leather production / Subramani Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. C, N° 5 (05/2005) . - p. 174-186 Titre : An enzymatic beamhouse process coupled with semi-metal tanning and eco-benign post tanning leads to cleaner leather production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 174-186 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leather industry in the world is presently undergoing radical transformation due to environmental pollution and discharge statutes. Hence, the industry is stressed to search for cleaner leather processing. Present leatherprocessing methodologies are known to contribute higher pollution loads. This method of tanning process comprises 'do-undo' logic. In addition, the conventional methods followed in leather processing subject the collagen matrix to wide variation in pH (2.8 - 13.0). This is evidenced from the emission of huge amount of pollution loads such as bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), sulfates, chlorides and chromium. In the study illustrated here, the hair and flesh removal as well as fiber opening have been achieved using bio-products at pH 8.0, pickle free semi-metal tanning employing aluminium, vegetable tannins and silica followed by post-tanning using environmental benign chemicals. Hence, eco-benign chemicals have been used throughout the leather processing. It has been observed that the extent of hair removal and opening up of fiber bundles are comparable to that of conventionally processed leathers. This has been demonstrated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and softness measurements. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leathers obtained from this combination tanning system is about 100°C. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally chrome-tanned leathers through physical strength and hand evaluation. The developed process also exhibits significant reduction in BOD, COD, TDS and TS loads by 46, 33, 91, and 92%, respectively. Further, the developed process appears to be economically viable. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C3W77yjX6Y9IzNX6AsVESIapVLntwBAh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4065 [article]

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An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins / Subramanian Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 87, N° 4 (07-08/2003) . - p. 149-158 Titre : An integrated eco-friendly tanning method for the manufacture of upper leathers from goatskins Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Subramanian Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; B. Chandrasekaran, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 149-158 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Coût-Efficacité Cuir -- teneur en chrome Cuirs et peaux de chèvres Déchets -- Réduction Eau -- Consommation -- Réduction Eaux usées -- Analyse Epilage enzymatique Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Present leather-making processes cause difficulties, with regard to their perceived environmental impact. Pre-tanning and tanning processes contribute more than 90% of the total pollution load from leather processing. Conventional process methods subject the skin to wide variations in pH. Such pH changes, lead to salt formation which results in a net increase in COD, TDS, chlorides, sulphates and chromium levels in tannery wastewaters. In this study, a three-step process sequence has been explored to limit the pH range in leather processing to between 4.0-8.0. A sequence of operations, viz. enzyme unhairing, NaOH based fibre opening and pickle-less chrome tanning produces leathers matching the functional performance of conventionally processed leathers but leading to substantial environmental benefits in the reduction of COD and total solids by 43 and 70%, respectively. Water consumption for processing is reduced to 17.81/Kg raw hide. The process sequence explored appears to be economically viable. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : - Standardisation of dehairing process - Standardisation of opening up of fibre bundles - Experimental tanning process (E) - Conventional tanning process (C, as followed in India) - EXAMINATION OF THE LEATHERS : - Input-output analysis - Scanning electron microscopic examination - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : - Standardisation of dehairing system - Standardisation of NaOH for opening up of fibre bundles - INTEGRATED THREE STEP TANNING PROCESS : AN APPRAISAL - Softness measurements - Scanning electron microscopic analysis - Chromium in leather - OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE LEATHER - Strength characteristics - Tactile properties - Environmental benefits - Techno-economic viability - INPUT-OUTPUT AUDIT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL PROCESS control process - Table 1 : Composition of depilatory mixture* for different methods of application - Table 2 : Extent of swelling and cross section pH of the pelts from preliminary fibre opening trials - Table 3 : Compression measurement and gradient data for control (C) and experimental (E) crust Leathers - Table 4 : Comparison of chromium content in wet blue leathers from control (C) and experimental (E) processes - Table 5 : Physical testing data of control (C) and experimental (E) leathers - Table 6 : Composite liquor analysis - Table 7 : Comparison of water requirement and discharge for control (C) and experimental (E) leather processing of 1 kg raw skins - Table 8 : Time and power consumption for the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes - Table 9 : Cost estimates of the conventional (C) and experimental tanning (E) processes - Table 10 : Input-output audit for both control and experimental process En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jxj7vQuxr9IAA_lOPXzd04eZ-44Kkiva/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39771 [article]

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Approach towards zero discharge tanning : exploration of NaOH based opening up method / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 6 (06/2001)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVI, N° 6 (06/2001) . - p. 222-233 Titre : Approach towards zero discharge tanning : exploration of NaOH based opening up method Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; T. Ramasami, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : p. 222-233 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Beam house processes are known to contribute 60-70% of the total pollution load in leather processing. The chemicals, namely sodium sulphide and lime, were not quantified and employed without proper rationale. Lime has a potential to drive swelling in a gradual manner due to its low solubility but lacks in environmental concern. Huge amounts of lime sludge and total solids formation are the main drawbacks of lime. In an earlier attempt, lime has been totally avoided for dehairing purpose. However, lime has been indispensable for the purpose of opening up of fibre bundles. Sodium hydroxide for this purpose was thought to be an improper choice due to its high alkaline nature. In this investigation an optimum concentration (1.0% offer at 350% float) of sodium hydroxide has been established for optimal opening up of fibre bundles. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, spent alkali liquor and pelt analysis, softness measurements and stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally treated leathers through physical and hand evaluation. Especially softness of the leathers is numerically proven to be comparable with that of control. The process also enjoys elimination of deliming process coupled with a 45% reduction in total solids load on environment. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FMDazk_Ue4XcI_64aCdPZPIZDhE5qDlW/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4374 [article]

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Development of formaldehyde-free leathers in perspective of retanning : Part 1. Benchmarking for the evolution of a single syntan system / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 10 (10/2007)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CII, N° 10 (10/2007) . - p. 306-314 Titre : Development of formaldehyde-free leathers in perspective of retanning : Part 1. Benchmarking for the evolution of a single syntan system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; C. Ram Mohan, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 306-314 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The awareness of health risks due to the use of leather products is escalating day by day. The demand for eco-labelled leather and leather products is increasing in the developed countries. Eco-labeling concepts force the tanners to look into various options for developing eco-benign products. Formaldehyde is classified as a probable human carcinogen. In this study, an attempt has been made to produce leather without formaldehyde by employing formaldehyde-free syntans. A relative measure of performance of formaldehyde-free and formaldehyde based syntans has been done to test their ability to produce leathers with desired properties by employing these syntans individually. Three formaldehyde-free syntans (resin, acrylic and protein) and two formaldehyde based syntans have been chosen for optimization trials. Trials have been carried out to find out the optimal amount of individual syntans required for providing sufficient properties to the leather. Based on organoleptic and strength properties as well as other property evaluation, it has been found that 12 and 8% formaldehyde based syntans A and B and 8, 10 and 12% formaldehyde-free resin, acrylic and protein syntans are capable of providing sufficient properties to the leather. There seems to be a considerable relation between the nature of the syntans and properties imparted to the leather. Aromatic syntans tend to decrease the strength and softness properties of leathers with increasing offer. Relation between the fullness of leathers and offer of syntans has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopy. The leathers treated with formaldehyde-free syntans do not contain free formaldehyde when analyzed using standard procedure and hence do not possess any health risks. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/15iClkdMNH44GxjWG196MOaLkn6-kQ0cG/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=3324 [article]

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Development of a leather processing method in narrow pH profile : Part 1. Standardisation of dehairing process / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 84, N° 6 (11-12/2000)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 84, N° 6 (11-12/2000) . - p. 276-284 Titre : Development of a leather processing method in narrow pH profile : Part 1. Standardisation of dehairing process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p. 276-284 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux Epilage enzymatique Essais dynamiques Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : An attempt has been made to develop a method for processing leathers in a narrow range of pH viz., 4.0 8.0. A process for dehairing at a pH of around 8.0 has been explored. This has been achieved by employing a commerical enzyme in combination with small quantifies of sodium sulphide. A method for applying the dehairing formulation on the grain side was established. Hair removal was shown to be complete using scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) and cystine content analysis. Potential grain damage by the enzyme formulation was avoided through process control measures and the effectiveness of such methods was established by investigation by scanning electron micrographs. Strength and bulk properties of the experimental leathers appear to show some improvement as compared to the leathers made using conventional processes. The process enjoys an environmental benefit by significantly reducing the COD load in the effluent. Improved chrome content in the grain surface of the butt region adds an additional benefit to the dehairing process developed. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Standardisation of dehairing process - Comparison of effectiveness of the developed process with a conventional unhairing process - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Standardisation of dehairing system - Developed dehairing process vs conventional dehairing process - Table 1 : Composition of paste for determination of depilatory mixture - Table 2 : Composition of paste for different methods of application - Table 3 : Composition of paste for optimisation of depilatory mixture - Table 4 : Physical testing of control and experimental leathers - Table 5 : Stratigraphic distribution of chromium - Table 6 : Composite liquor analysis En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UYGono16nGaXlpW4eI3EptAUIpd2gY6A/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40819 [article]

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Development of natural colors in Cr-Fe tanned upper leathers / Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 7 (07/2002)  

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Development of natural colours in Cr-Fe tanned garment leathers / J. R. Rao in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 86, N° 3 (05-06/2002)  

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Effect of acid swelling and its impact on the properties of cow industrial glove leathers / Murali Sathish in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVIII, N° 6 (06/2023)  

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Effect of chromium and tanning method on the drape of goat suede apparel leathers / K. Krishnaraj in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 3 (03/2010)  

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Ethiopian Ankelba : an attempt to modernize the cultural leather artifact / Elena Teka Genet in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 12 (12/2020)  

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Factors influencing the seam efficiency of goat nappa leathers / K. Phebe in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVII, N° 3 (03/2012)  

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Influence of mechanical properties of sheep nappa leathers on seam efficiency / K. Phebe in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 95, N° 1 (01-02/2011)  

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Influence of sewing threads on seam pucker of sheep nappa leathers / G. Woynshet in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 98, N° 4 (07-08/2014)  

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Influence of test length on the observed tensile properties of upholstery leather : Relation to weak link theory / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CII, N° 1 (01/2007)  

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Integration of chrome tanning and wet finishing process for making garment leathers / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. C, N° 6 (06/2005)  

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Interior leathers : application of leather as a functional and decorative finish / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVI, N° 1 (01/2001)  

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Measurement and correlation of drape coefficient and related mechanical properties of cow nappa apparel leathers / K. Krishnaraj in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 5 (09-10/2010)  

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Mechanical properties of sheep nappa leather influencing drape / K. Krishnaraj in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CIII, N° 7 (07/2008)  

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A new leather-making process for meeting eco-label standards : Processing of goatkins / Subramani Saravanabhavan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CI, N° 5 (05/2006)  

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Non-polar medium enables efficient chrome tanning / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXII, N° 10 (10/2017)  

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