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INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) . N° 38Mention de date : 11-12/2019Paru le : 19/11/2019 |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierFine hair on american bovine leathers / Luis A. Zugno in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 38 (11-12/2019)
[article]
Titre : Fine hair on american bovine leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Luis A. Zugno, Auteur ; Andreas Rhein, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 20-24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts
Cuirs et peaux de bovins
NubuckLe nubuck1 est une croute de daim ou de cuir. Sa particularité vient du fait qu'il a subi un traitement particulier. En effet, sa surface a été meulée ou grattée au papier de verre très fin. C'est pourquoi il revêt cette apparence veloutée et sa douceur au toucher. Le ponçage de la fleur lui donne un aspect qui diffère largement du suède. Comme seule la surface externe du cuir est touchée par le traitement, il possède une meilleure résistance et conserve toute la finesse de son grain.
Il est utilisé particulièrement dans l'industrie de l'ameublement pour la fabrication des fauteuils et canapés ainsi que par l'industrie de la chaussure. Il est souvent assez coûteux, car c'est une matière qui a une certaine noblesse. Son nom provient probablement de la langue anglaise, et de new buck qui signifie nouveau daim.
Poils fins
Wet-blue (tannage)Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue)
Wet-white (tannage)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Fine hair is the biggest seasonal challenge for bovine leather production in the U.S.. The presence of fine hair on American bides is an old problem and has increased in the past few decades due to changes in breed, feed, herd movement and climatic adaptations. The changes in the processing conditions in the tannery have also contributed to this problem. There is limited information on the topic, and the industry has accepted that fine hair is a seasonal problem and cannot be resolved ; beamhouse leather producers and customers work to manage it the best way possible to minimise the problem. The limited processing time practised in the U.S. during soaking and the unhairing/liming of fresh hides aggravates the fine hair problem. In comparison, salted or brine cured bides processed in the U.S. or overseas have minimised this problem. For simplification purposes, in this article we will use the term wet-blue to define both wet-blue and wet-white leathers.
Jean J. Tancous in her book 'Skin, Hide and Leather Defects' says : "The fine hair problem cannot be completely blamed on poor beamhouse techniques as it may arise from a 'natural characteristic' of the animal ; for instance, the shedding of the hair root which occurs at seasonal intervals. As a hair grows older, the root atrophies and shrinks; it then faits out. A new papillary hair invaginates below the receding old hair and, thus, the old hair is replaced by a deeply rooted, new fine hair. It is unfortunate for the tanner that new short hair has firmly anchored roots, as they resist easier removal in the beamhouse and cause the fine hair difficulties."Note de contenu : - Hair growth cycle and seasonal changes in hair growth
- Results and discussion
- Significance to the tanning industry
- There are some historical and practical observations
- Factors that can minimise the fine hair problem
- Fig. 1 : Cross sections Haematoxylin-eosin stain. Left shows examples of papillary and club hairs. Right shows the relative size of the papillary and dub hairs
- Fig. 2 : Optical photograph of wet-blue with fine hair and cross section of the wet-blue showing intact hairs
- Fig. 3 : Optical photograph of trust leather with fine hair and SEM image with hair measurements (65X)
- Fig. 4 : Optical photograph of nubuck leather with fine hair and SEM picture of a nubuck, where the hair was cut in the middle during buffing (160x)
- Fig. 5 : Drawing of a bovine wet-blue leather showing the three most common areas of fine hair. The front pocket is the most common, followed by the neck and butt areasEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/11dZDbl-IYKMAdvA98WoyBSfdKUtiqqbK/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33137
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21284 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Leather property : water resistance / Karl Flowers in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 38 (11-12/2019)
[article]
Titre : Leather property : water resistance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 30-35 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Angle de contact
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Emulsions
Perméabilité
Résistance à l'humidité:Résistance à l'eauIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The concept of making the surface of something not like water is central to malcing the water not want to move through the material's structure, and not want to stick to its surface. The way that water interacts with a material's surface is govemed by the force or attraction or repulsion between the water and the chemical molecules on (andin) a material's structure.
The contact angle between the water and the material surface illustrates how much, or how little, the water is attracted to the material. In Figure 1, the two extremes of the contact angle can be seen. Figure lA is the normal attraction seen between everyday objects and a droplet of water. The water flows out and seems to be attracted to the chemical molecules on the material surface; it can be said there is hydrophilic attraction. In Figure 1B, the opposite is seen. The water beads and seems to refuse to want to bind to the chemicals on the material surface; it can be said there is a hydrophobic repulsion.Note de contenu : - Opens vs closed water resistance
- Factors affecting water resistance
- Emulsions
- Leather fibre structure
- Maeser flexibility
- Water vapour permeability (WVP)
- Getting the technology right
- Delivery and fix
- Is it worth it ?
- Fig. 1 : A) A hydrophilic reaction between water and a material surface B) A hydrophobic interaction between water and a material surface. Both show the angle, 0 (the contact angle) that goes from the middle of the droplet up to the outer edge of the water droplet.
- Fig. 2 : The difference between open (A) and closed (B) water repellence.
- Table 1 : Current industry methods that test the abilit yof a leather to resist water or water vapourEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R5HoOJKF6k4O0lmH_dxBPQVUdqER_-nW/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33138
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21284 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Biotech in the beamhouse : how probiotics make the beamhouse more sustainable and productive in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 38 (11-12/2019)
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Titre : Biotech in the beamhouse : how probiotics make the beamhouse more sustainable and productive Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 46-47 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie écologique
Développement durable
Probiotiques
Travail de rivière (cuir)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The leather industry is working hard to increase the sustainability of its processes and business model. Now the beamhouse, one of the most important stages in the leather production process, can get in on the act with biodegradable chemicals that reduce the industry's overall environmental impact considerably. Note de contenu : - A gamechanger in the beamhouse
- Effluent load down, leather quality up
- Clean-labelled by-products
- The Proviera portfolio
- No reasons not to switch to biotech
- Stahl responsibility chemistryEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/11LUFCROe7aaKaPDrFVJDkBNcffKlZszU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33139
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Titre : Salt must go ! Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 48-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chlorure de sodium Le chlorure de sodium est un composé chimique de formule NaCl. On l'appelle plus communément sel de table ou de cuisine, ou tout simplement sel dans le langage courant. C'est le principal produit dissous dans l'eau de mer ; on l'appelle alors sel marin.
On l'obtient : dans des marais salants par évaporation de l'eau de mer, dans des mines, par extraction du sel gemme (halite) ou en le synthétisant lors de réactions à hautes températures entre du dichlore (Cl2) et du sodium métallique (Na).
Le chlorure de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie chimique pour produire du chlore, de la soude caustique et de l’hydrogène.
Cuirs et peaux -- Conservation
Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Eaux usées
Industrie -- Pollution -- Lutte contre
Peaux brutes -- SalageIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Note de contenu : - Intractability of salt in the effluent
- Salt-free preservation
- Salt and pickling
- Salt-free, wet-end chemistry
- Table 1 : A useful scale to help gauge the concentration of total dissolved solids from various watersEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-SvwVIIkbH4zdZH0VPLBrnZ_G284Xiaw/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33140
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Titre : Chromium recovery or reuse Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karl Flowers, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 52-56 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome -- Recyclage
Récupération (Déchets, etc.)
Tannage au chromeIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Chromium tanning is a highly inefficient chemical process if allowed. For the last 130 years, tanners have learnt progressively how to make this process more efficient. There are a few significant methods that allow the process to go from a low yield process into a more efficient method :
- Effective chromium and collagen masking allowing deeper penetration.
- Lower float use, increases the concentration of chromium and this drives penetration.
- pH at the higher end of basifying range.
- Temperature at the end of basifying.
- Masking agents that help with chromium binding (chrome savers).
- Chase pickle type tannages.
Many of these have driven the process towards efficiencies that are in the 80-90% range. Some tannages have even claimed 95-99% efficiencies. For those levels of efficiencies, the residual levels of chromium may be too insignificant to financially motivate for the reuse or recycling of the chromium salts.
For a tannery that has a 65% uptake of the chromium salts, the amount of remaining chromium salts will be in the order of 35% (350 g/L) chromium that could be used in the next iteration of the process. A tannery having 5% (50 g/L) chromium could use the liquor remaining from the tannage (after pH correction) and could directly apply it into the pickle, the sait and residual chromium (and water of course) would mean significant reductions in chemicals and water used at this processing step.Note de contenu : - Waste hierarchy
- Chromium efficiency
- Recycling/reuse
- Recovery
- Circularity
- Fig. 1 : The waste hierarchy
- Fig. 2 : The chromium recycle system
- Fig. 3 : The chromium recovery systemEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QCSUQSP7K8PMiZbsw8Deh4eDFqHdspoC/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33141
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21284 | - | Périodique | Bibliothèque principale | Documentaires | Disponible |