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Airy standard material / Svenja Göttermann in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 106, N° 1 (01-02/2016)
[article]
Titre : Airy standard material : Expandable polylactides produced by reactive extrusion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Svenja Göttermann, Auteur ; Sandra Weinmann, Auteur ; Christian Bonten, Auteur ; Tobias Standau, Auteur ; Volker Altstädt, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 70-73 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bioplastiques
Extrusion réactive
Mousses plastiques
Poids moléculaires
Polylactique, AcideL'acide polylactique (anglais : polylactic acid, abrégé en PLA) est un polymère entièrement biodégradable utilisé dans l'alimentation pour l'emballage des œufs et plus récemment pour remplacer les sacs et cabas en plastiques jusqu'ici distribués dans les commerces. Il est utilisé également en chirurgie où les sutures sont réalisées avec des polymères biodégradables qui sont décomposés par réaction avec l’eau ou sous l’action d’enzymes. Il est également utilisé pour les nouveaux essais de stent biodégradable.
Le PLA peut-être obtenu à partir d'amidon de maïs, ce qui en fait la première alternative naturelle au polyéthylène (le terme de bioplastique est utilisé). En effet, l'acide polylactique est un produit résultant de la fermentation des sucres ou de l'amidon sous l'effet de bactéries synthétisant l'acide lactique. Dans un second temps, l'acide lactique est polymérisé par un nouveau procédé de fermentation, pour devenir de l'acide polylactique.
Ce procédé conduit à des polymères avec des masses molaires relativement basses. Afin de produire un acide polylactique avec des masses molaires plus élevées, l'acide polylactique produit par condensation de l'acide lactique est dépolymérisé, produisant du lactide, qui est à son tour polymérisé par ouverture de cycle.
Le PLA est donc l’un de ces polymères, dans lequel les longues molécules filiformes sont construites par la réaction d’un groupement acide et d’une molécule d’acide lactique sur le groupement hydroxyle d’une autre pour donner une jonction ester. Dans le corps, la réaction se fait en sens inverse et l’acide lactique ainsi libéré est incorporé dans le processus métabolique normal. On obtient un polymère plus résistant en utilisant l'acide glycolique, soit seul, soit combiné à l’acide lactique.Index. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Bioplastics - Polylactide - In general, the low melt stability and lack of strain hardening of commercial polylactide (PLA) biopolymer render it unsuitable for making foams which, if they can be produced at all, are at best of low quality. However, even polylactide can be foamed if it is chemically modified in the right way. Note de contenu : - Demands on the polymer
- Chemical modification by means of reactive extrusion
- Effect on molecular weight and on flow behavior
- Implications for foamabilityEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dry2BmPEKYQto3kahNKbm5DRFnCEd2MO/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=25642
in KUNSTSTOFFE INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 106, N° 1 (01-02/2016) . - p. 70-73[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18833 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible 17859 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Aliphatic anionic polyurethane microemulsion leather filling-retanning agent / Bao Lihong in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 91, N° 2 (03-04/2007)
[article]
Titre : Aliphatic anionic polyurethane microemulsion leather filling-retanning agent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bao Lihong, Auteur ; Lan Yunjun, Auteur ; Shufen Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p. 73-80 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage
Caractérisation
Charges (matériaux)
Chimie analytique
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Formulation (Génie chimique)
Imperméabilisation
Microémulsions
Poids moléculaires
Polymères aliphatiques
Polyuréthanes
RetannageIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The retanning process plays an important role in optimizing the leather’s colour, levelness, softness, fullness, and hydrophobicity. Polymer retanning agents are important materials for this process. The present study used maleic anhydride modified castor oil (MCO), PEG1000 (polyethylene glycol) and IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate) as main materials to synthesize polyurethane microemulsions (MC-PURs) and employed them to retan chrometanned leathers. The hydroxyl functionality of MCO was investigated by chemical and 1HNMR analysis, and confirmed to be about 2.0. The chemical structures of MCO, prepolymer and MC-PUR were characterized by IR.
The optimized synthesis formulation and polyurethane microemulsion MC-PUR3 for MC-PURs as retanning agent was selected by comparing the properties of retanned leathers, such as softness, fullness, grain tightness, tensile strength, extension at break, depth of shade, waterproof properties et al. Then, MC-PUR3 was characterized by means of DSC, TG/DTG and TEM techniques. SEM microgram of MC-PUR3 retanned leather shows that the fibres are well dispersed.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Preparation of maleic anhydride modified castor oil (MCO) - Preparation of microemulsions of polyurethane filling retanning agents (MC-PURs) - Determination of molecular weight - H n.m.r. spectroscopy - Purification - FT-IR spectroscopy - Differential scanning spectroscopy - Thermo-gravimetric analysis - Transmission electron microscope analysis - Measurement of final dyebath exhaustion - Physical and waterproofness properties of leathers - Organoleptic properties of the final leathers - Scanning electron microscopic analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Determination of the average molecular weight, hydroxyl number and average hydroxyl functionality (Fn(OH)) of MCO - Determination of the average hydroxyl functionality of MCO by chemical analysis - Determination of the average hydroxyl functionality of MCO by 1HNMR - Chemical structure analysis by IR
- OPTIMIZATION OF RETANNING AGENT : Effect of MCO/PEG1000 mass ratio on the properties of retanned leathers - Effect of carboxyl content of MC-PUR on the properties of retanned leathers - Effect of NCO/OH molar ratio on the properties of retanned leathers - Thermal properties of MC-PUR3
- Table 1 : Basic formulations of MC-PURs
- Table 2 : Filling, retanning and wet finishing processes
- Table 3 : Effect of MCO/PEG1000 mass ratio on the properties of retanned leathers
- Table 4 : Effect of carboxyl content of MC-PUR on the properties of retanned leathers
- Table 5 : Effect of NCO/OH molar ratio on the properties of retanned leathersEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ti2BicD3kfHFF4Z4QLX1cSWPC0J39gs/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=39037
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 91, N° 2 (03-04/2007) . - p. 73-80[article]Exemplaires
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité aucun exemplaire Alternative tanning agent for leather industry from a sustainable source : Dialdehyde starch by periodate oxidation / Cigdem Kilicarislan Ozkan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVI, N° 3 (03/2021)
[article]
Titre : Alternative tanning agent for leather industry from a sustainable source : Dialdehyde starch by periodate oxidation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cigdem Kilicarislan Ozkan, Auteur ; Hasan Ozgunay, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 89-99 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Agents de tannage
Amidon dialdéhyde
Amidons -- Oxydation
Caractérisation
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques
Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques
Poids moléculaires
Tannage
Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnementIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Dialdehyde starches with different aldehyde content from native corn starch were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation to be used as a tanning agent in leather making. For this purpose, native corn starch was oxidized with sodium metaperiodate in different molar ratios. After oxidation processes, the yields, solubility in water and aldehyde contents of the obtained dialdehyde starches were determined as well as structure characterizations by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Evaluating the gel permeation chromatography data, the dialdehyde starch samples which were thought to be in appropriate molecular weight/size to penetrate into skin fibers were selected to be used in the tanning process. Their tanning abilities were evaluated by investigating hydrothermal stabilities, filling and fiber isolation characteristics and physical properties determined by mechanical tests and organoleptically. From the evaluation of the results, it was revealed that sodium metaperiodate oxidized starches which have appropriate molecular weight and adequate aldehyde content has a remarkable tanning effect and can be utilized as a tanning agent with the advantages of not necessitating pickling process which means saving time and simplifying the production but more importantly offering an important advantage from an environmental point of view. Note de contenu : - Characterizations
- Tanning properties of dialdehyde starch samples
- Table 1 : Tanning recipe for the pelt pieces
- Table 2 : Molecular weight distribution of native and oxidized starches
- Table 3 : Tanning properties of oxidized starches
- Table 4 : Physical properties of tanned leathers with oxidized starches
- Table 5 : Organoleptical properties of tanned leathers with oxidized starchesDOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i3.4249 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ao7z1sapfoabaz0Uek5C2uMsZkBOMAoh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35436
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXVI, N° 3 (03/2021) . - p. 89-99[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22638 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible An attempt to quantify the compatibility of lubricants for PVC / Michael Schiller in PLASTICS INSIGHTS, Vol. 113, N° 9 (2023)
[article]
Titre : An attempt to quantify the compatibility of lubricants for PVC : Part 2 of the series "Compatibility of PVC additives" : lubricants Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael Schiller, Auteur Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : p. 58-61 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chlorure de polyvinyle
Compatibilité chimique et physique
Densité
Hildebrand, Paramètre de solubilité de
Lubrifiants
Matières plastiques -- Additifs
Poids moléculairesIndex. décimale : 668.4 Plastiques, vinyles Résumé : Additives play a pivotal role in the processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and various other plastics, enhancing processing efficiency while safeguarding the integrity of polymers. Lubricants are a prime illustration of this principle. Nonetheless, the choice of the suitable additive necessitates meticulous alignment with the specific polymer in question. In this regard, the Hildebrand solubility parameter emerges as a valuable tool. For the first time, we now have access to values for this parameter for numerous widely used lubricants. Note de contenu : - Lubricants between DEHP and PVC as internal lubricants
- Table 1 : Values for the Hildebrand solubility parameter δ, the molecular volume and the cohesive energy of various polymers
- Table 2 : Molecular groups and their molecular wieght plus their contribution to cohesive energy density F.
- Table 3 : Calculated Hildebrand solubility parameters δ of various, their molecular weight, and densityEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/14cKHBPqgYF52gS9IqhoW82Y8ns_BegNf/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40754
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 24326 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible An overview of size exclusion chromatography applied to polymers and coatings / Theodore Provder in COATINGS TECH, Vol. 18, N° 4 (04/2021)
[article]
Titre : An overview of size exclusion chromatography applied to polymers and coatings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Theodore Provder, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 46-59 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chromatographie sur gel
Oligomères
Poids moléculaires
Polymères
Revêtements organiques
ViscosimétrieIndex. décimale : 667.9 Revêtements et enduits Résumé : The coatings technologies of waterborne, high solids, powder, and radiation curable coatings generally require high-molecular-weight latex polymers or strategically designed low-molecular-weight polymers, oligomers, and reactive additives. The design of these resin materials requires molecular weight distribution (MWD) information in the very high and very low-molecular-weight ranges which are accessible by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). In addition, there is a need for compositional distribution information as a function of molecular weight, particularly for oligomers; absolute MWD information, particularly for water-soluble polymers ; and chain-branching information for high-molecular-weight polymers.
This overview discusses the SEC separation mechanism, molecular weight calibration methods including the use of hydrodynamic volume, data treatment methods, and polymer chain-branching determination. The use of molecular size sensitive detectors (viscometer, light scattering) and compositional sensitive detectors (UV-visible, IR) are discussed in the context of illustrative qualitative and quantitative examples. The practice of high-resolution SEC analysis of oligomers is discussed and illustrated with problem-solving examples.Note de contenu : - SEC SEPARATION MECHANISM : Instrumentation - Calibration - instrument spreading correction - Multiple detectors
- SEC/DRI/UV/IR : Quantitative compositional molecular-weight distribution considerations
- SEC/LALLS/MALS : - SEC/viscometer - Oligomer applications
- FUTURE TRENDS AND NEEDS
- Fig. 1 : Dependence of molecular size in solution upon retention volume
- Fig. 2 : Schematic procedures for obtaining the secondary molecular weight calibration curve from on-line SEC/viscometer data
- Fig. 3 : SEC/DRI/ IR/UV chromatogram for a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and vinyl acetate (VA) (25/75)
- Fig. 4 : SEC/UV/IR chromatogram of a blend of a styrene/acrylic/acid terpolymer resin and a melamine resin
- Fig. 5 : SEC/UV and SEC/IR chromatogram of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) samples
- Fig. 6 : Contour plot of a Glycidal Methacrylate (GMA) acrylic copolymer
- Fig. 7 : Spectrum index plot of an acrylic copolymer
- Fig. 8 : Photodiode array detection (PAD) estimate of the styrene content of a styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer
- Fig. 9 : SEC/MALS responses from DRI and MALS detectors for a three component polystyrene mixture
- Fig. 10 : Variations of scattering intensities with angular position and retention volume
- Fig. 11 : HPGPC DRI/VISC detector responses versus retention volume
- Fig. 12 : Log [η] versus log Mw plots for two randomly branched polyvinyl acetate samples
- Fig. 13 : HPSEC chromatograms of two high solids polyester resin samples
- Fig. 14 : Chromatograms of three isocyanate crosslinkersEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ppM8QnRv82tUnFIhdRGwbX8o_i_9CUf2/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35699
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22676 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Appreciation of waste yak hair : preparation and characterisation of keratin from yak hair using urea and sodium sulfide / Ruirui Wang in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 104, N° 6 (11-12/2020)
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