The distillation of essential oils - Part 1 / Murray Hunter in PERSONAL CARE EUROPE, Vol. 6, N° 2 (04/2013)  

[article]  inPERSONAL CARE EUROPE > Vol. 6, N° 2 (04/2013) . - p. 33-36 Titre : The distillation of essential oils - Part 1 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Murray Hunter, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 33-36 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Distillation Huiles essentielles Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : The purpose of this series of articles is to briefly review the theory and practice of distillation of essential oils. Although many producers use some form of distillation to extract essential oils, very few thoroughly understand the theory behind the practice that lays the basis for the practices they utilise. This first article will first briefly outline the scientific and engineering principles behind distillation, the second article will outline the various stages and types of distillation, and the final article will conclude with a brief discussion about applying these principles. The practice of distillation goes back to ancient times, perhaps as early as 484 BC, when Herodotus recorded the production of turpentine oil in his writings.1 Strong evidence also exists that the Arabs understood the distillation process, where the words chemistry, alcohol and alembic have their origins. It is most likely the Arabs inherited their knowledge of distillation techniques from the Syrian Empire.2 However, almost all distillation until midway through the nineteenth century was water distillation. Water distillation is where plant material is totally immersed in water, which is brought to a boil by a direct fire. Once the water is at boiling point steam begins to pass through a cooling coil (usually made of copper) to condense the distillate. Oil would then be collected from the top of the collection vessel upon separation with the water. Oils distilled within the geographically-centred and artisan-based perfumery industry at the time included rose, lavender, lavandin, rosemary, and herbs like thyme. Midway through the nineteenth century, the Germans and French in Grasse began experimenting to improve the distillation process. Equipment and techniques for watersteam and vacuum distillation were developed, greatly improving upon yields that were achieved through simple hydro or water distillation. Pre-distillation techniques, like comminution, were enhanced and fertilisers were applied to aromatic crops with dramatic results.3 However, it was only in the beginning of the twentieth century that steam from an external source to the charge bin was introduced, bringing in the method of steam distillation. The equipment and skills used for the distillation of aromatic materials from plant material is still very basic in many parts of the world. Many production centres, like the Australian eucalyptus and tea tree industries in the first half of the twentieth century, utilised available items like ship water tanks as charge bins to hold foliage during distillations.4 Even today in remote parts of the world, many stills adopt primitive designs and utilise very basic techniques in production, sourcing steam from direct fires. Note de contenu : The fundamental principles of distillation En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gl44IsA-duHrwfoWezOCU2zWXn6HmiJ2/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18203 [article]

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The distillation of essential oils - Part 2 / Murray Hunter in PERSONAL CARE EUROPE, Vol. 6, N° 3 (06/2013)  

[article]  inPERSONAL CARE EUROPE > Vol. 6, N° 3 (06/2013) . - p. 88-94 Titre : The distillation of essential oils - Part 2 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Murray Hunter, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 88-94 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Distillation Huiles essentielles Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : Part two of this three part series on distillation carries on from the basic principles laid out in part one to look at the stages of the general distillation process and oulines the various basic types of distillation. Note de contenu : - Steam and pressure - Wilting crops before distillation - Water distillation - Water and steam distillation - Steam distillation - The condenser system - The separator system - Hydro-diffusion distillation En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F0Tyzp6X3Xtu-zPtGWkQD4AgdMcZuiio/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18782 [article]

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The emergine halal cosmetic and personal care market / Murray Hunter in PERSONAL CARE EUROPE, Vol. 5, N° 2 (04/2012)  

[article]  inPERSONAL CARE EUROPE > Vol. 5, N° 2 (04/2012) . - p. 24-28 Titre : The emergine halal cosmetic and personal care market Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Murray Hunter, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 24-28 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cosmétiques Islam -- Coutumes et pratiques Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Note de contenu : - Market size - Niche markets - Forbidden ingredients En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/18voOwof0TreGZv9DKszXr1yyvYVoiA_b/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=14525 [article]

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The myths and realities of odour psychology / Murray Hunter in PERSONAL CARE EUROPE, Vol. 5, N° 1 (02/2012)  

[article]  inPERSONAL CARE EUROPE > Vol. 5, N° 1 (02/2012) . - p. 43-47 Titre : The myths and realities of odour psychology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Murray Hunter, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 43-47 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Odeurs Odorat Parfums Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Note de contenu : - Our olfactory architecture - Cognitive processing - The commercialisation of fragrance - Myths and realities En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1whIICkxKWZHkmQAHW09JiTJGkIe6lCB1/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=13394 [article]

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The origin of natural aromatic materials / Murray Hunter in PERSONAL CARE EUROPE, Vol. 4, N° 4 (11/2011)  

[article]  inPERSONAL CARE EUROPE > Vol. 4, N° 4 (11/2011) . - p. 49-56 Titre : The origin of natural aromatic materials Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Murray Hunter, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 49-56 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Biomolécules Parfums Plantes -- Odeurs Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : Plants contain a number of chemicals based on simple sugars and carbohydrates. These include fatty acids, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, nucleic acids and proteins, etc. Some chemicals act as primary metabolites which are vital to a plant’s life and survival or act as precursors for secondary metabolites and are concerned with the plant’s interactions with the surrounding eco-system, principally acting as deterrents and attractants to pathogens. Note de contenu : - The plant metabolism - The metabolic pathways - Secondary metabolites and plant defence systems - Aromatic compounds found in plants : Terpene hydrocarbons - Monoterpenes - Sesquiterpenes - Ionones - Oxygenated compounds - Phenols - Alcohols - Aldehydes - esters - Ketones - Lactones - Nitrogen compounds - Sulphur compounds - Fig. 1 : The plant as a chemical factory - Fig. 2 : The shikimic acid pathway - Fig. 3 : A plant's defence system - Fig. 4 : Mevalonate and deoxyxylulose phosphate pathways to terpene formation - Fig. 5 : The acetyl coa pathway for the biosynthesis of aldehydes, alcohols and esters - Fig. 6 : The primary and minor sulphur reduction pathway - Table 1 : Classification of terpenoids according to isoprene units En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKmD8JRULLCVi7EdRuuPWa_B6FYWFVNh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40972 [article]

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What makes a personal care company successful ? / Murray Hunter in PERSONAL CARE EUROPE, Vol. 7, N° 3 (04/2014)  

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