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Suitability of pore measurement methods for characterizing the hierarchical pore structure of leather / Xiu He in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019) . - p. 41-47 Titre : Suitability of pore measurement methods for characterizing the hierarchical pore structure of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xiu He, Auteur ; Wang Ya-nan, Auteur ; Jianfei Zhou, Auteur ; Haobo Wang, Auteur ; Wei Ding, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 41-47 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Mesure Pore (anatomie) Ouverture imperceptible dans la peau de l’homme ou de l’animal, par où se fait la transpiration. (wiktionnaire) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Pore structure of leather plays an important role in leather-making process as well as in characterization of comprehensive properties of leather. In this study, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), capillary flow porometry and nitrogen adsorption techniques were used for characterization of the hierarchical pore structure of leather. From the comparison, MIP was found to be more suitable for pore measurement of leather in consideration of its extensive measuring range (from 5.48 nm to 120 μm), high accuracy (measuring both through pores and blind pores in leather) and satisfactory repeatability (with RSD of 3.25% and 1.73% for average pore diameter and porosity, respectively). Then the MIP test conditions were optimized. The appropriate conditions were found to be that a leather sample (approx. 3 cm × 2 cm and 0.6 g) is used for determination with a stem volume around 50%. Blank correction is conducted in the measurement with the maximum pressure of 33000 psia and the equilibration time of 10 s. In general, the characterization of the hierarchical pore structure of leather by MIP is a meaningful aid to explore the relationship between structure and property of leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Preparation of leather samples - SEM analysis - MIP analysis - CFP analysis - Nitrogen adsorption analysis - Optimization of MIP test conditions for leather - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : SEM analysis - Comparison of three pore measurement methods - Optimization of MIP test conditions for leather En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G-t15UG4r2QbLT4DR05dBkonoAUN-kea/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31716 [article]

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Studies on the ethiopian camel hides for their suitability for making leather / M. Belay in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019) . - p. 48-54 Titre : Studies on the ethiopian camel hides for their suitability for making leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Belay, Auteur ; R. Karthikeyan, Auteur ; Victor John Sundar, Auteur ; Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 48-54 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Caractérisation Croûte (cuir) On entend par "cuir en croûte" des cuirs ayant subi les opérations jusqu'au tannage, à l'exclusion de toute opération de corroyage ou de finissage, mais qui, par opposition aux wet-blue ont été séchés. Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Cuirs et peaux -- Teinture Cuirs et peaux de chameaux Dichroïsme circulaire Peau -- Histologie Tannage Wet-blue (tannage) Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in the African countries, providing a strong raw material base for the growing leather and leather products sector. The main source of raw material for the Ethiopian tanning industry comes from sheep, goat and cattle. Since the Ethiopian leather industry is booming, the industry is now looking to exploit the alternative raw materials available in the country. Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is one of the most important livestock in the East African countries. Due to lack of awareness and technology, most of the hides are not utilized fully by the tanners. Hence an attempt has been made in the present study to exploit the camel hides as an alternative source of raw material for the growing Ethiopian leather industry. Histological analysis of the camel hide has been carried out at different stages of processing. Based on the histological understanding, the strategy for making suitable leather from camel hide was established. The raw material has also been characterized for fat, nitrogen and collagen content. The raw material has been converted into finished leather by using suitable tanning methodology and the leathers were utilized for the preparation of different types of end products. Finished leathers have been developed and the physical and chemical properties have also been evaluated. The results obtained from the chemical and physical tests revealed that the raw material is suitable for the manufacture of upper leather. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials - Chemical and structural analysis of camel hides. Histological studies with hematoxyline-eosin (H & E) staining - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of wet blue camel leather - Determination of moisture content - Determination of fat content - Determination of nitrogen content - Determination of hydroxyproline content - SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) - Circular dichroism (CD) of camel collagen - Development of upper crust leathers from camel hides - Physical testing of leathers - Organoleptic properties - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Histological studies of camel hides using H & E staining - Effect of tanning on the fibre structure of camel hide using SEM - Characterization of camel hide : moisture, nitrogen and fat content - Estimation of collagen content - SDS-PAGE analysis - Circular dichroism analysis - Analysis of wet blue leathers - Physical testing of crust leathers En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_faeDLWoA28x8P2iiXztw7r1bsUE6vWu/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31717 [article]

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Influence of the chromatographic conditions of the EN ISO 17226-1 standard "determination of formaldehyde content in leather. Part 1. Quantification by HPLC” on the robustness of the method in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019) . - p. 55-61 Titre : Influence of the chromatographic conditions of the EN ISO 17226-1 standard "determination of formaldehyde content in leather. Part 1. Quantification by HPLC” on the robustness of the method Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 55-61 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Chimie analytique -- Normes Chromatographie Cuir -- Teneur en formaldéhyde Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Normalisation Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Given the carcinogenic character of formaldehyde, it should be reliably determined in any substrate. The EN ISO 17226 Standard is the Official Method to quantify formaldehyde in leather using either the chromatographic or the colorimetric methods. In cases of discrepancy between results, according to the ISO Organization, preference should be given to the chromatographic method (EN ISO 17226-1 Standard) instead of the colorimetric one (EN ISO 17226-2 Standard). The EN ISO 17226-1 Standard recommends chromatographic conditions of column, mobile phase composition and flow rate. The paper studies the influence of changes in flow rate, composition of the mobile phase and separating columns recommended by the EN ISO 17226-1 Standard for the determination of formaldehyde content in leather. It has been made relevant that small variations in the flow rate and differences in mobile phase compositions ranging from 35/65 to 45/55 Water/Acetonitrile does not significantly affect the results of formaldehyde concentration. As regards the different separating columns, non-significant differences between them were observed. However, considering the effectiveness and the retention time of the separating columns, the solid-core particle (Cortecs®C18) column can be recommended because it has in excess the capacity to separate the formaldehyde peak from that of the residual DNPH reagent in less than 2 minutes which is lower than those of the other columns tested. Consequently, the productivity of the analytical laboratories is improved. Note de contenu : - Aim of the work - Influence of the chromatographic conditions of the EN ISO 17226-1 standard "Determination of formaldehyde content in leather. Part 1. Quantification by HPLC" in the robustness of the method - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Influence of the flow rate - Influence of the composition of the mobile phase - Influence of the separating columns : retention time and effectiveness En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OfV9TN-H3pjk1Mv92_8owQVm4AJABO5_/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31718 [article]

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Analysis of the processing histology of mink skin / Zhang Meina in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIV, N° 2 (02/2019) . - p. 62-68 Titre : Analysis of the processing histology of mink skin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhang Meina, Auteur ; Yao Tian, Auteur ; Yongguang Wang, Auteur ; Zongcai Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 62-68 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de vison Peau -- Histologie Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Most people around the world regard mink skin as luxurious commodities, since the mink hair is generous and guard hair length is moderate. However, a variety of reasons will attribute to hair loss or orientation phenomenon of upper hair in the processes. The paper studied the processing histology of mink in the processing, which could build a scientific foundation to optimize the process, improve the technical skills and improve product quality. Mink skin samples used in the experiment were taken from soaking, degreasing, bating, pickling, and tanning processes. The photomicrographs were observed by bio-optical microscope. Besides, samples were performed by frozen section method and stained with iron hematoxylin staining method as well as Gill modified hematoxylin staining method. It is found that the hair follicles of the mink were distributed irregularly in the form of compound hair follicles or individual hair follicles. Mink fat glands were very developed. In other words, each hair follicle generally was surrounded by a pair of fat glands. With the increase in degreasing time, the number of fat cells in the fat glands was reduced and the fibers around the hair follicles were initially dispersed. The voids between the collagen fibers became larger and more fully loose after the processes of bating and pickling. In addition, the collagen fiber wove more orderly and closer by tanning. In the case of pickling and bating, most of the hair follicle openings were opened, which could abate the chained force between hair and the follicles and/or the dermal papilla. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Materials and instruments - Sampling - Fixation - Sectioning - Iron hematoxylin staining - Gill modified hematoxylin staining - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Soaking tissue sections - Degreasing tissue sections - Bating tissue sections - Pickling tissue sections - Tanning tissue sections - Slicing tissue section En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13SH9Lvq4FzElR03cn7G0wA6aYgHwa4Uh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31719 [article]

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