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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierTowards the smart tannery enterprise / Sergiu-Adrian Gut in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015)
Titre : Towards the smart tannery enterprise Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sergiu-Adrian Gut, Auteur ; Ioan Dumitrache, Auteur ; Ioannis Ioannidis, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 151-156 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement
Procédés de fabrication
Tannage -- Aspect de l'environnementIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Leather manufacturing processes retain, even in the 21st century, an air of occult art shrouded in the mysteries of a millennia old industry. It is still preponderantly based on experience, received wisdom and tanners' talent and very little on scientific understanding of phenomena that occur. Leather processing consists of numerous interlinked chemical and mechanical operations that require large quantities of water of precise volumes, at an exact temperature, and at the right time. Excessive use and poor uptake of chemicals during leather processing operations generates pollutants which are toxic to bath human health and to the environment, having a negative impact on all forms of life. The leather industry figures on the list of 'The worlds worst pollution problems'. The inadequacy of existing control systems for leather processing conditions impose constant health and safety risks to tannery workers being vulnerable to operational hazards.
The recipes used for leather processing have been developed over generations and each tannery has its own recipes for getting the best quality of leather. A consistent quality of processed leather is hard to obtain due to: 1) raw hides/skins diversity, 2) animal origin, 3) means of preservation 4) type of finished leather produced, 5) processing in closed drums without proper monitoring and control, 6) leather is affinity to various chemicals. Technologies and standards adopted for leather processing vary massively from tannery to tannery.
The level of automation in tanneries around the world varies considerably. While in numerous tanneries automation systems are almost absent, chemical dosing, water batching, pH adjustment being performed manually, in others we find modern chemical reactors equipped with PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controlled by SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) technology.
Tanneries, are aggressive and corrosive environments of high complexity and diversity, comprising a large number of subsystems distributed geographically. Traditional control systems of tanneries are based on stale centralised architecture, that concentrates all control functions within a single central controller that is responsible for global production planning and scheduling of production activities. On the one hand, this approach provides long-term optimization of production in the case of stable, deterministic manufacturing environments, but on the other hand, represents a critical point of failure imposing an operational bottleneck and low agility and flexibility to unexpected disturbances. Nonetheless, tanneries are environnants where the occurrence of unexpected events is usually unavoidable.
Among the major difficulties in the automation of a tannery we can mention raw material diversity, discontinuity in processing operations, non-linear behaviour and time-variance of leather processing operations and the absence of mathematical models that accurately reflect the reality. In this situation, adoption of control solutions that are underpinned by artificiel intelligence, heuristic techniques based on experience, intelligent methodologies and multi-agent systems architectures represent a viable solution for leather processing control.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows :
Section 2. presents an overview of the mathematical models of the leather processing operations.
Section 3. summarizes the evolution of the leather manufacturing control technologies from manuel control to the one based on SCADA technology. The section also emphasizes the limitation of the centralized control and alleges that distributed control using intelligent agents opens the door to the creation of smart tannery.
Section 4 presents a multi-agent architecture for leather processing control. The subsequent section presents a case study that simulates the behaviour of the multi-agent TANMAS@ architecture in dealing with the control of leather processing. Finally Section 5 presents results, discussion and conclusions.Note de contenu : - Distributed control of leather manufacturing processes
- Multi-agent systems for control of leather manufacturing processes
- Multi-agent architecture for leather processing control - Tanmas@ : Cases studyEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aJY-BO2ljCpwyJJVIX6gU-aWZzuNemy-/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24555
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015) . - p. 151-156[article]Réservation
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Titre : The measurement of water vapour permeability of leather with ISO 14268 and related methods Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Giorgio Pozza, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 157-162 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Absorbants et adsorbants
Adsorption
Cuir
Déshydratation
Gel de silice
Perméabilité
Vapeur d'eauIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A known technique to measure the water vapour permeability of leather is described by ISO 14268 and similar standards. These methods rely on the adsorption of the water vapour by a solid desiccant inside a closed vesse' that is separated from a conditioned atmosphere by the leather piece. The mass increase of the desiccant corresponds to the amount of moisture transmitted by the specimen and is thus used to calculate its water vapour permeability. In this investigation different desiccants are used to measure the permeability of a chrome split and of cellulosic membranes, showing that the results are influenced by the features of the desiccant. As accounted by the theoretical modal proposed, the outcome of the measurement is affected by a systematic error that leads to an underestimation of the true value of permeability. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Equipment - Measurement of the permeability
- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND : Diffusion - Adsorption dynamic of the desiccant
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Permeability of the leather measured with the three silica gels G1, G2 and G3 - Adsorption dynamic ofthe silica gels - Influence of the quantity of dessicant on the permeability estimateEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ef7XCtG_PkooQUO_GD_DFN8Bqupybd2A/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24556
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015) . - p. 157-162[article]Réservation
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Titre : Mechanism of the influence of the fatliquor on the bio-decolourization of an azo dye Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Li Yanchun, Auteur ; Zheng Liwen, Auteur ; Yulu Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 163-171 Note générale : Abbrev. - Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorants azoïques
Décoloration
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate
Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate
Produits de nourriture du cuirIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the treatment of tannery wastewater, other chemical agents such as tannins and fatliquors may possibly have an influence on bio-decolourization of dyes, few researchers have addressed that problem. This paper reports how four kinds of commercial fatliquors influence the bio-decolourization of an azo dye (Acid Fuchsin 6B as the experimentat object) and expounds the mechanisms of these influence processes. it was obvious that the addition of sulfonated fatliquor and oxidized-sulfited fatliquor have improved the bio-decolourization activity of Acid Fuchsin 66, by contrary, the bio-decolourization of the dye has been stopped virtually by the addition of Lecithin based fatiguer and Phosphoric esters fatliquor. The paper used LC/MS to analyze and quantify metabolites of the dye in various substrates. The results certify that a stimulation of degradation products of these fatliquors on the breaking of the azo linkage contributes to the improvement of the bio-decolourization of the azo dye. And according to the correlation coefficient of the poly-?-hydroxybutyrate production with the residual concentrations of the dye, the inhibition of the fatliquors with phosphate groups on the bio-decolourization is directly due to the formation of the poly?-p-hydroxybutyrate. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS : Materials - Inoculum - Bio-decolourization of acid fuchsin 6B and biodegradation of the fatliquors
- ANALYTICAL METHODS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : The bio-decolourization of acid fuchsin 6B using various fatliquors as the co-substrates - The mecanism of the improvement by the fatliquor to the biological decolourization - The inhibition mechanism of the fatliquor on the biological decolourizationEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aBdd2k-VrWaSTOxOcAXUxL2fOFkMYz7Z/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24557
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015) . - p. 163-171[article]Réservation
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Titre : Components of a bioflocculant prepared with bacillus subtilis for the treatment of tannery wastewater Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Changqing Zhao, Auteur ; Zhao Xingxiu, Auteur ; Mu Shengdong, Auteur ; Gu Haibin, Auteur ; Zhang Jing, Auteur ; Wei Zou, Auteur ; Yang Qinhuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 172-175 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bacillus subtilis
Eaux usées -- Analyse
Eaux usées -- Décontamination
Floculant
Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de
TannageIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : A bioflocculant prepared with Bacillus subtilis was used to treat tannery wastewater, followed by component analysis of the bioflocculant. The restes demonstrated that the bioflocculant prepared with Bacillus subtilis was able to treat total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour, successfully removing the compounds from tannery wastewater. Component analysis revealed that the bioflocculant contained saccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, osamines, and fats ; the bioflocculant did not contain nucleic acid. It is expected that these results will contribute to future research into the application and the mechanism by which bioflocculants remove contaminants from tannery wastewater. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Materials
- PREPARATION OF BIOFLOCULANT
- TREATMENT OF TANNERY WASTEWATER BY FLOCCULANT : Component analysis of the bioflocculant - Observation of the bioflocculant by FT-IR
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Treatment of tannery wastewater by bioflocculant (analysis of saccharide, protein, glycoprotein, osamine, fat and nucleic acid in the bioflocculant, analysis by FT-IR)En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AiXp7mBGBH-6gBpWhSj0M5ldj-PLsEak/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24558
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Titre : Cross-linking reaction between genipin and porcine acellular dermal matrix Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Dan Nianhua, Auteur ; Xiao Shiwei, Auteur ; Hu Yang, Auteur ; Chen Yining, Auteur ; Dan Weihua, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 176-182 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux de porcs
Génipine
Réticulation (polymérisation)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Genipin(GP) has been used as a sort of perfect naturel cross-linking agent for collagenous biomaterials, but the cross-linking mechanism between collagen and GP is not clear. The aldehyde groups can be formed in aqueous solution of Genipin (GP), which can react with Cu(OH)2 and be used in the silver mirror reaction. About 0.2506 moi aldehyde groups were determined by Decolor Fuchsin Spectrophotometry in 1mol GP. In neutral solution, the ultraviolet absorption peak of GP appeared at 242.10nm, whereas in alkaline solution, it GP moved to 271.70nm due to the generation of enolates structure. Compared with the neutral condition, the GP molecular size almost doubled in alkaline solution, therefore il was speculated that dimers were formed, In this work, porcine acellular dermal matrix (pADM) was employed as a model of collagen to react with Genipin. The colour of GP cross-linked pADM (GP-pADM) turned into yellow from white initialty and finally into dark blue and a new absorption peak was round at 2356.79cm-1. With an increasing amount of GP, the shrinkage temperature (Ts) of GP-pADM increased slowly from 55.4°C to 80°C (6% dosage). Regarding the formation of dimers, the size of GP molecule was increased which fitted the distance of two aminos of the collagen for cross-linking. Furthermore, due to the ring structure of genipin and cross-linking bonds, the amount of rigid structures of collagen increased, consequently improved collagen stability was achieved. Fibroblasts grew well on GP-pADM with great morphology, and the vitro cytotoxicity was grade 0. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials and equipment - Determination of aldehyde groups - Particle size of GP in solution at various ph and temperature - Ultraviolet absorption of GP solution - 13C NMR - Shrinkage temperature (Ts) and tensile strength - Infrared spectrum (IR) detection - Cytotoxicity
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Amount of aldehyde - Ultraviolet spectrum of GP solution - Particle size of GP at various pHs and temperatures - 13C NMR - IR of GP-PADM - Shrinkage temperature and tensil strength of GP-pADM - Hypothesis of the cross-linking mechanism between collagen and GP - Cytoxicity of GP-pADMEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AvZ07QZCIrmr94nZ30lW75ObqXV3NPMh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24559
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Titre : Synthesis of modified hydrogenated castor oil/nano-ZnO composites and its application as fatliquoring agent Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Duan Limin, Auteur ; Ma Jianzhong, Auteur ; Lu Juan, Auteur ; Bin Lyu, Auteur ; Wu Xionghu, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 183-189 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques
Huile de ricin et constituants
Huiles et graisses hydrogénées
Microscopie électronique à balayage
Nanoparticules
Oxyde de zinc
Résistance au jaunissement
Résistance au rayonnement ultravioletIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Modified hydrogenated castor oil/nano-ZnO composites have been successfully prepared via a facile chemical approach. In this method, ZnO nanoparticles were first modified by isopropyl tri(dioctyl pyrophosphate acyloxy) titanate (NDZ201) to obtain NDZ201 modified ZnO, and then the NDZ201 modified ZnO was introduced into hydrogenated castor oil to prepare modified hydrogenated castor oli/nano-ZnO (MHCO/ZnO) composites. The stability and anti-UV susceptibility of MHCO/ZnO composites were investigated. The results show that MHCO/ZnO composites have botter UV resistance and stability than hydrogenated castor oil. Bath MI-1C0 and ZnO have the anti-UV synergistic effect. MHCO/ZnO composites as fatliquoring agents were applied to leather. The yellowing resistance, softness, and strength properties involving tensile strength, elongation al break and tear strength of fatliquored leather were studied. The tests indicated that the leather fatliquored by MHCOIZnO composites exhibited an excellent anti-yellowing performance. ZnO nanoparticles had toughening and reinforcing effects for leather. The morphology of fractured surfaces of the selected leather samples and the distribution of Zn element were observed by SEM-EDS. SEM-EDS analysis reveals that ZnO nanoparticles exist on the leather fibres. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Synthesis of modified hydrogenated castor oil/nano-ZnO (MHCO/ZnO) composites - Application in fatliquoring - Characterization - Strength properties
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : XRD analysis of MHCO/ZnO composites - Properties of MHCO/ZnO composites - Properties of fatliquored leathers - SEM-EDS analysis of fatliquored leather samplesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JFs8wYjoNYNKVSd-p468Ow2vrxxxKDja/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24560
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 99, N° 4 (07-08/2015) . - p. 183-189[article]Réservation
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Titre : Cleaner processing of bovine wet-white : synthesis and application of a novel chrome-free tanning agent based on an amphoteric organic compound Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Luo Jianxun, Auteur ; Feng Yanjuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : p. 190-196 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Agents de tannage
Composés organiques -- Synthèse
Cuirs et peaux de bovins
Polyaddition
Température de retrait
Wet-white (tannage)Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Wet-white processing is an effective method to reduce or get rid of chrome pollution. However; the current chrome-free tanning agents can't meet the needs both of the market and of environmental protection regarding the aspects of shrinkage temperature, the state of wet-white tanned and clean production. A novel chrome-free tanning agent was synthesized through radical polymerization by employing acrolein and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Based on this navel chrome-free agent, its characteristics, application and the cleaner processing of bovine wet-white leather were studied in this thesis. The results show that the novel chrome-free agent has the structure of an amphoteric organic compound, appropriate molecular weight and exhibits good tanning properties. The optimal tanning conditions are as follows : the pH value of pickled hide is adjusted to 6.0-7.0, the consumption
of the novel' chrome-free agent is based on 150% times of the weight of pickle and the pelt is
directly tanned for 5 hours at room temperature, then the pH value of the float is adjusted to 7.0-8.0, 100% hot water is added to raise the temperature to 35C-40°C and the leather is tanned for a further 5 hours. The shrinkage temperature of the leather tanned by the novel chrome-free agent can achieve 86°C or se, and the leather has fine grain and good feel. Based on the performance of the navel chrome-free tanning agent and its tannage, the bated pelt could be tanned directly by adjusting the balance of the formulation, which will greatly reduce the content of chloride ion in the effluent so as to contribute to the clean production of feather.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials - Preparation and testing of the molecular weight of the novel chrome-free tanning agent SL - Optimization of the penetration pH of SL - Optimization of the cross-linking pH of SL - Optimization of the SL offer in tanning - Optimization of the penetration time of SL - Optimization of the temperature and running time of SL - Contrast experiment between tanning bated pelt and pickled pelt and fatliquoring
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Analysis of the basic chemical structure of SL and its characteristicsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1utiqddeERsCxPjvYUjl9AaIoYh9oNCQs/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=24561
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| Code-barres | Cote | Support | Localisation | Section | Disponibilité |
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| 17358 | - | Périodique | Bibliothèque principale | Documentaires | Disponible |
