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Underlying principles in chrome tanning : Part 1. Conceptual design of pickle-less tanning / Wondu Legesse in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002) . - p. 475-486 Titre : Underlying principles in chrome tanning : Part 1. Conceptual design of pickle-less tanning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wondu Legesse, Auteur ; Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 475-486 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The do-undo methods adopted in conventional leather processing generate huge amounts of pollutants. In this context pickle-less chrome tanning is becoming crucial to the tanners due to these environmental problems. However, a standard process with optimal pH and other parameters especially the need and the amount of masking is still lacking. In this investigation an attempt has been made to tan the cowhides using commercially available basic chromium sulfate at various pH's namely 8.0, 7.0, 6.0 and 5.0 without salt. Three acid systems have been chosen both with and without masking to adjust the pH's. In order to have a comparative study normal pickling to pH 3.0 as well as partial pickling to pH 4.0 have also been performed. It has been observed that the penetration and distribution of chromium is much better for pH 5.0 as compared to other systems. There is no surface deposition of chromium in the experimental leathers, although chrome tanning has been carried out at higher pH. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis. The exhaustion of chromium is above 90% in most of the chrome tanning systems and the amount of chromium present in the leather is relatively higher as compared to conventional chrome tanned leathers. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally treated leathers through physical and tactile evaluation. The process also enjoys reduction in total solids and chloride loads by 78 and 96%, respectively from the identified streams. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lMYu10DJwO9cc3lh1w8ntTBTVvexGV7U/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4240 [article]

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Waterproofing of leather : State of the art and new concepts / M. Kleban in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002) . - p. 487-495 Titre : Waterproofing of leather : State of the art and new concepts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Kleban, Auteur ; J. Reiners, Auteur ; K. Markgraf, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 487-495 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UyF-W1Jb3XqBOgWK7nLirryz46N7KkFB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4241 [article]

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An update on environmental constraints / Nicholas J. Cory in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCVII, N° 12 (12/2002) . - p. 496-505 Titre : An update on environmental constraints Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nicholas J. Cory, Auteur Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : p. 496-505 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Formaldehyde has no purpose in leather, and its presence is not prohibited by government regulation. However, due to its role in process chemical manufacture and preservation, formaldehyde is normally detected in leather at residual concentrations which exceed the very stringent limits enforced by automotive companies and leather product manufacturers. Like formaldehyde, NMP (n-methyl pyrrolidone) has no function in leather. However, it offers unique benefits as a solvent in the production of polyurethane (PU) finish systems, and significant residual concentrations have been detected in upholstery and shoe upper leathers coated with PU-based formulations. This means that the recent addition of NMP to California Proposition 65 will force the leather industry to seek alternative finish formulation technology unless a relatively high Safe Harbor level is quickly established. In addition, the listing of OPP (ortho-phenyl phenol) on Proposition 65 recently became effective. A Safe Harbor level has not yet been determined for OPP, forcing many suppliers to the Californian market to abandon the use of a very effective and widely used fungicide that is endorsed by the US military. A disturbingly small range of alternatives remain. These obstacles to the use of high performance retanning agents, some organic pigments, and PU finishes, together with the provisionally diminished range of acceptable fungicides is being compounded by continued focus on chromium by regulatory bodies in both Europe and the USA. This paper reveals and investigates the scientific flaws behind these latest environmental constraints. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UrJiWilHsG_KUyhu8Cvzi5S6iQ7cqVap/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4242 [article]

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