Analysis estimation and minimization of carbon footprint in leather processing unit operations / Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 108, N° 3 (05-06/2024)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 108, N° 3 (05-06/2024) . - p. 127-137 Titre : Analysis estimation and minimization of carbon footprint in leather processing unit operations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar, Auteur Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : p. 127-137 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bilan des émissions de gaz à effets de serre Calcul Cuirs et peaux -- Industrie -- Aspect de l'environnement Electricité Énergie -- Consommation Opérations mécaniques Tanneries Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In a growing environmental concern on reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) as well as achieving United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs), the development of a suitable methodology for the assessment of carbon footprint (CFP) for process industries such as leather is necessary. In this regard, a systematic approach, considering the energy requirements of various unit operations of a mechanical nature in leather processing, within a tannery and their contribution towards CFP has been presented for the first time. Estimation of CFP for the raw skin/ hide to finished leather process has been performed using USA Energy Information Administration (EIA) data, incorporating respective power consumption (kWh) values for the whole process, with unit operations or stages, comprising mechanical or machinery operations and considering two types of power plant: coal and natural gas. Processing types such as Raw-Finished, Raw-Wet blue, Wet blue- Finish have been considered for skins and hides. Calculation of CFP has been performed for a typical tannery processing a capacity of 600 sides or 2000 skins per day. The results show that, 0.29 and 0.77 kW average total energy consumption respectively per kg of raw hide and skin for processing to finished leather. The total CO2 emissions (kg) have been calculated as 0.3 and 0.78 kg, respectively for per kg of hide or skin processed to finished leather; or in terms of area of leather, 0.16 and 0.15 kg, per square foot of finished leather produced. The present analysis suggests, that the more energy intensive operations and the duration of each mechanical operation per skin or hide in processing contribute significantly to the total power consumption and corresponding CO2 emission values. A road map for reduction in CFP in leather processing has also been presented. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Methods for calculation of energy requirement - Methodology for estimation of carbon footprint (CFP) - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : Total power consumption (kWh) for a typical tannery processing skins - Carbon footprint, CO2 (kg) emission from Total Power consumption (kWh) for a typical tannery processing of skins - Total Power consumption (kWh) for a typical tannery processing sides (hides) - - Table 1 : The CO2 equivalent of other GHGs as 100 year General warming potential (GWP) (Source: Climate Change Connection) (CCC, 2023) - Table 2 : Consideration of time taken scenarios for processing of each skin or hide piece for each mechanical operation (Sec.) and for the Total processing capacity (h) of present study - Table 3 : Important mechanical operations in leather process flow, machinery employed, power ratings and tasks accomplished - Table 4 : Calculation of total power consumption (kwh) for coal based power plant for a typical tannery processing 2000 skins per day for type of processing : raw to finish, raw to wet-blue and wet-blue to finish - Table 5 : Carbon footprint, CO2 (kg) emission as calculated from total power consumption (kWh) for coal or natural gas based power plant for a typical tannery processing 2000 skins per day for type of processing : raw to finish, raw to wet-blue and wet-blue to finish - Table 6 : Calculation of total power consumption (kwh) for coal based power plant for a typical tannery processing 600 sides per day for type of processing : raw to finish, raw to wet-blue and wet-blue to finish - Table 7 : Carbon footprint, CO2 (kg) emission as calculated from total power consumption (kWh) for coal or natural gas based power plant for a typical tannery processing 600 sides per day for type of processing: raw to finish, raw to wet-blue and wet-blue to finish Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41138 [article]

Exemplaires

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
aucun exemplaire

The behaviour of pieces in machine operations as a function of temperature and moisture content / Richard Daniels in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 18, N° 8 (12/2005 - 01/2006)  

[article]  inWORLD LEATHER > Vol. 18, N° 8 (12/2005 - 01/2006) . - p. 36-37 Titre : The behaviour of pieces in machine operations as a function of temperature and moisture content Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Richard Daniels, Auteur ; Walter Landmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 36-37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Effets de l'humidité Cuirs et peaux -- Effets de la température Dérayage Echarnage Essorage Mise au vent Opérations mécaniques Refendage Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : In the early mechanical operations much of the focus is on cutting, and for optimum effect the skins must be held flat against the cutting blade or knife. This requires a stretching action for good presentation, which is mainly provided within fleshing and shaving operations by spiral cutting blades on the rotating cylinder. In the splitting operations this is achieved by the helically-grooved gauge roller, and, in part, by the movement of the knife blade, as well as in presentation to the samm/setting operation by the setting cylinder. Over and above the objective of the operation, stretch is involved at the point of contact between the hide and blade. This action can be considerable, and the physical properties of the skin at that time—especially the ease and degree of extendibility, compression and recovery—strongly affect the outcome of the operation. Adjustments are made, both to machine settings and presentation, to achieve the best balance of results. But success is a balance between the way force is applied by the machine and received by the skin. It is an equal partnership, but however sophisticated the machine or perfect the application, variations still occur. The following diagrams provide an insight into the behaviour of mechanically-stressed pieces dependent upon skin condition. Over and above inherent skin variations, as hides and skins progress within manufacture the permutations that generate change increase enormously. Note de contenu : - Panel E10/1 : Presentation of hides and skins to operation versus effect : raw to tanned samm/set condition - Panel E10/2 : Presentation of hides and skins to operation versus effect : splitting ahd shaving En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1V_MmIOJ6_GLHbKQvRevicU4XfplK8UYc/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32504 [article]

Réservation

Réserver ce document

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
006188	-	Périodique	Bibliothèque principale	Documentaires	Disponible

The effect of splitting and shaving upon some physical characteristics of side upper leather / D. Geoff Hawthorne in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXX (Année 1975)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXX (Année 1975) . - p. 56-65 Titre : The effect of splitting and shaving upon some physical characteristics of side upper leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. Geoff Hawthorne, Auteur ; Ross G. Donovan, Auteur Année de publication : 1975 Article en page(s) : p. 56-65 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Fendage Opérations mécaniques Rasage Résistance à la déchirure Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The stitch-tear strength of regular side leather production was evaluated (a) hefore splitting, (h) after shaving, and (c) in the "crust" state. Mullen strength (to grain crack) was ohtained on the same leathers in the "crust" state. The results were evaluated statistically and a number of significant relationships estahlished. The correlations of primary interest are: - (a) Thickness hefore splitting vs. stitch-tear strength. - (b) Thickness after shaving vs. stitch-tear strength. - (c) Stitch-tear strength after shaving vs. stitch-tear strength in the "crust." - (d) Mullen strength (crust) vs. stitch-tear strength (crust). On the basis of these results, estimates can he made regarding the strength of regular tannery production and decisions can be made regarding the disposition of chrome-tanned stock into various types of leather. Note de contenu : - 1. Before splitting - 2. After shaving - 3. In the crust state En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/16vu_ymxS9zE9NSot-7Oj6nvIkQD-aAcW/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38779 [article]

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
008509	-	Périodique	Archives	Documentaires	Exclu du prêt

The role of mechanical operations in woolskin production / Barry Jacobs in WORLD LEATHER, Vol. 7, N° 1 (02/1994)  

[article]  inWORLD LEATHER > Vol. 7, N° 1 (02/1994) . - p. 47-51 Titre : The role of mechanical operations in woolskin production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Barry Jacobs, Auteur Année de publication : 1994 Article en page(s) : p. 47-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux de moutons Laine de mouton Opérations mécaniques Teinture Index. décimale : 677.31 Laine Résumé : In the processing of wool sheep two major problems can occur during the initial stages of process, both being a direct result of excessive mechanical action. One is cracking of the pelt where the skins have been preserved either by shade drying or by dry salting and the second is felting of the wool. These problems were originally avoided by soaking in pits, but dressers now tend to use paddles in the early stages of process. In practice, the paddles are used for convenience of handling with a static soak lasting approximately 12 hours to allow the skins to partially wet back. When softened, the paddles can be turned intermittently without the skins cracking, allowing the mechanical action and detergents to increase the rate of soak. When fully rehydrated, the wool sheep need to be scoured, the process continuing in the same paddle to reduce the grease content of the wool and to a lesser extent the pelt. Fully hydrated, the skins should be able to withstand continuous running for the 1-2 hour process, but the time is closely dependent upon die length of the wool. Although drums can be slowed down, the level of mechanical action remains high with the increased risk of felting. Another advantage offered by paddles over alternative equipment is the greater ease when handling sheepskins, in partic-ular in the case of dried sheepskins. Note de contenu : - Shearing for uniform wool length - special attention for good buffing - The benefits of solvent degreasing - Consistent dyeings of wool and flesh En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jiMCmvBkmpOsP7_sMrOnCAQuW-fi0W8C/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35172 [article]

Réservation

Réserver ce document

Exemplaires (1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
008094	-	Périodique	Bibliothèque principale	Documentaires	Disponible

---

1 (1 - 4 / 4)