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A bio-driven lime and pickle free tanning paves way for freener garment leather production / Rathinam Aravindhan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 53-66 Titre : A bio-driven lime and pickle free tanning paves way for freener garment leather production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rathinam Aravindhan, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 53-66 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Conventional methods employed in leather processing subject the skin or hide to a wide variety of chemicals. This contributes to an increase in COD, TDS, chlorides, sulfates and other mineral salts in tannery effluent. A process sequence has now been explored viz., enzymatic dehairing, enzymatic fiber opening, and pickle-free chrome tanning for tanning red hair sheepskins, which limits the use of unsafe chemicals. A process for dehairing at pH 8.0 has been achieved by employing a commercial enzyme. A novel opening up system has been established again using enzymes. A pickle-basification free chrome tanning has been adopted to tan the enzyme treated matrices. Using the above said strategy, garment leathers have been made from wet-salted sheepskins. This leads to substantial decrease in chemical consumption from 442 to 38 kg for tanning one metric ton raw skins. Performances of leathers are on a par with conventionally opened up leathers, which is substantiated through physical and hand evaluation. This has also been verified through scanning electron microscopic analysis and softness measurements. The process also enjoys reduction in COD and TS loads on the environment by 84%. This process has also been proved to be economically viable, when compared with conventional process. Thus, the bio-driven pickle-free chrome tanning process leads to the manufacture of garment leathers with a cleaner environment. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R3Gr4jJtrt9ZhcdUgqu8bhjYEHRRMtAE/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4175 [article]

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Anaerobic treatment of tannery wastewater with sulfide removal and recovery of sulfur from wastewater and biogas / R. Suthanthararajan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 67-72 Titre : Anaerobic treatment of tannery wastewater with sulfide removal and recovery of sulfur from wastewater and biogas Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. Suthanthararajan, Auteur ; T. Ramesh, Auteur ; S. Rajamani, Auteur ; B. Umamaheswari, Auteur ; E. Ravindranath, Auteur ; K. Chitra, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 67-72 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Tannery wastewater contains high concentrations of sulfur compounds. Feasibility studies of pilot plant Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) integrated with Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, which is first of its kindin India, were carried out to study the sulfide removal efficiency for tannery wastewater. SRU consists of a stripper column, absorber column, regeneration unit and sulfur separator. Stripper efficiency of about 80-95 percentage in terms of sulfide removal was achieved for a sulfide load of 1-4 kg/d at a influent pH between 7.5-8.5. At sulfide load of 10 kg/d sulfide removal efficiency of about 65 percent was observed in the stripper unit. The absorber efficiency was more than 99.8 percent throughout the study period. The presence of SRU improved the COD removal efficiency in the UASB reactor. Elemental sulfur was obtained as a useful byproduct. Sulfate present in the wastewater is converted to sulfide in the UASB reactor. The sulfide in the dissolved form is stripped, absorbed and converted to elemental sulfur in the SRU. By this process, total dissolved solids (TDS) due to sulfate 'in the wastewater is also reduced. Biogas generated can be used as a fuel after scrubbing the hydrogen sulfide from it in the sulfur recovery system. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1joezX_rhT0mjJzNbvvCRtb4uG4RWmoxu/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4181 [article]

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An eco-benign tanning system using aluminium, tannic acid, and silica combination / N. N. Fathima in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 73-81 Titre : An eco-benign tanning system using aluminium, tannic acid, and silica combination Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : N. N. Fathima, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur ; Subramani Saravanabhavan, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 73-81 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : One of the best ways to combat chrome pollution is to avoid chromium itself in tanning. With this view, a chrome-free combination tanning system has been established using aluminium, tannic acid, a precursor to vegetable tannins and silica. Since tannic acid has low molecular weight compared to vegetable tannins, it can be successfully used to make a variety of leathers and the problems associated with vegetable tannins like hard biodegradability of tannins, fullness and darkness of leathers can be avoided. The presence of aluminium not only improves the hydrothermal stability of leather but also gives a pleasant pastel color to the leather due to the formation of aluminium-tannic acid complex, which produces colour in the matrix thus leading to the concept of natural dyeing. The fastness properties of the color obtained have been studied and have been found to be significantly good. The presence of silica in the combination system gives rise to softness and fluffiness. The amount of tannic acid, aluminium sulfate and sodium metasilicate has been chosen as 10, 5, and 5% (on pelt weight), respectively. In order to avoid pollution due to pickling operation, pickle-less tanning has been carried out. Both upper and garment leathers have been made and the characteristics of the same have been studied. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained from this combination tanning system is about 95°C. The physical strength characteristics and the organoleptic properties of the leathers obtained are on par with or better than the conventional chrome tanned leathers. The effluent arising from this tanning system has been analyzed for its environmental impact. The exhaustion of aluminium is about 98%. Also, there is significant reduction in the COD and TDS. Thus, an eco-benign chrome-free combination tanning system has been established. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r-90QymqgKFRS1dTnYGfvzvHwoxG55AG/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4182 [article]

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Underlying principles in chrome tanning : Part 2. Underpinning mechanism in pickle-less tanning / Palanisamy Thanikaivelan in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XCIX, N° 2 (02/2004) . - p. 82-94 Titre : Underlying principles in chrome tanning : Part 2. Underpinning mechanism in pickle-less tanning Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Auteur ; T. Ramasami, Auteur ; Balachandran Unni Nair, Auteur ; Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : p. 82-94 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The do-undo methods adopted in conventional leather processing generate huge amounts of pollutants. In this context, pickle-basification-free chrome tanning is becoming crucial to the tanners due to environmental problems. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to develop an economically viable pickle-basification-free chrome tanning using commercial basic chromium sulfate at pH 5.0 without sodium chloride. Through mechanistic pathway studies, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of chromium species vary during the course of tanning. However, at the completion of tanning the composition of the species seems to be similar, although the pickle-basification-free chrome tanning involves simultaneous penetration and fixation as compared to conventional pickle-chrome tanning with penetration followed by fixation. The uptake of chromium in the pickle-free tanning is found to be about 90% as compared to conventional level of 70%. The penetration and distribution of chromium has been found to be comparable with conventional leathers through SEM, EDAX and stratigraphic chromium analysis. There is no surface deposition of chromium in the leathers obtained using pickle-free chrome tanning systems, which has been corroborated through plausible mechanism. Quality of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventional leathers. The process not only economically attractive but also enjoys reduction in total solids and chloride loads by 80 and 96%, respectively from the identified streams. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SADhKhA2dnkWxJv94tjb-7S211v9Ca-c/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4183 [article]

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