Base line : amphoteric implications / Olga Ballùs in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 217, N° 4861 (06/2016)  

[article]  inLEATHER INTERNATIONAL > Vol. 217, N° 4861 (06/2016) . - p. 18-23 Titre : Base line : amphoteric implications Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Olga Ballùs, Auteur ; Ramón Palop, Auteur ; Llorenç Noguera, Auteur ; Ricardo Micó, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p. 18-23 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Couleur Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone Retannage Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Amphoteric retanning agent AFF imparts very good fullness without hardening the leather. When a Sulf base is added with reagent groups that give it an amphoteric nature AFF, colour depth is increased and colour levelling is improved. When a SULF base is added with reagent groups that give it an amphoteric nature AFF, grain fineness is dramatically increased. The best results in physical resistance are obtained with amphoteric protein PROT. Note de contenu : - A two-part project - Degre of softness - Thickness - Tear load - Tensile strength - Color depth - FIGURES : 1. Property assessment diagram - 2. Variation in and optimisation of the degree of softness - 3. Variation in an optimisation of the degree of thickness - 4. Variation in and optimisation of tear load - 5. Variation in and optimisation of tensile strength - 6. Variation in and optimisation of colour depth - 7. Variation in and optimisation of colour levelling - Colour levelling - Grain burst - Grain fineness En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oyqREZmsGVEwcY5-lpuF6Cxyri8c8O1Q/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26710 [article]

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LCA of selected biopolymers / Olga Ballùs in INTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM), N° 56 (11-12/2022)  

[article]  inINTERNATIONAL LEATHER MAKER (ILM) > N° 56 (11-12/2022) . - p. 56-61 Titre : LCA of selected biopolymers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Olga Ballùs, Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : p. 56-61 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Biopolymères Cuir Durée de vie (Ingénierie) Environnement -- Etudes d'impact Evaluation Matières premières Poids moléculaires Polyacryliques Polymères -- Propriétés physiques Polymères -- Suppression ou remplacement Ressources renouvelables Spectrométrie infrarouge Index. décimale : 668.9 Polymères Résumé : The aim of this work was to determine the environmental impact of a new biopolymer when fossil-based raw materials were replaced with protein derivatives, as compared with a standard acrylic resin. To this end, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of both products was conducted. In order to examine result variations due to data changes, sensitivity analyses were also performed by replacing the protein derivative with a polysaccharide derivative (PS). Both products were characterised by IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and carbon-14 content. The new biopolymer was applied as a retanning agent and compared with a standard acrylic resin. Thickness, softness, physical resistance, colour intensity and fastness were assessed. The LCA concluded that the use of protein-based products reduces the environmental impact in 17 of the 19 impact categories analysed. In particular, the carbon footprint was reduced by 47% versus the standard acrylic resin. On the other hand, replacing the protein derivative with a polysaccharide derivative increased all categories, thereby highlighting the impacts associated with the production of polysaccharides. Our results show that fossil-based raw materials can be partially replaced with biopolymers that provide similar organoleptic characteristics. However, the use of biobased products does not imply a reduction of all the environmental impacts involved in LCA. Note de contenu : - Raw material and leather assessments - Infrared spectra (IR) - Renewable raw material - Molecular weight - Life cycle assessment - Fig. 1 : Stages of a product life cycle - Fig. 2 : Synthesis of the biopolymer - Fig. 3 : Infrared spectra : a. acrylic acid, b. product AP - Fig. 4 : Environmental impacts of standard acrylic resin vs. AP - Fig. 5 : Environmental impacts of standard acrylic resin vs. AS - Table 1 : Application formula - Table 2 : Degree of whiteness and fastness results - Table 3 : Fullness, softness and physical resistance results - Table 4 : Molecular weight of AP and standard product En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/11sy75fBPXo8ixKtgGtpkcfb1dbZMASiT/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38435 [article]

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Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part I : chrome tanned leathers / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 92, N° 5 (09-10/2008)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 92, N° 5 (09-10/2008) . - p. 200-204 Titre : Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part I : chrome tanned leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ramón Palop, Auteur ; Joan Parareda, Auteur ; Olga Ballùs, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 200-204 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuir -- Effet du rayonnement ultraviolet Cuir -- Teneur en chrome hexavalent Cuirs et peaux -- Détérioration Cuirs et peaux -- Effets de la température Essais (technologie) Jaunissement (défaut) Produits de nourriture du cuir Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of eighteen different types of fatliquoring agents on leather ageing. Temperature and ultraviolet light tests were conducted separately. The existence of a direct relationship between leather yellowing, diminution of shrinkage temperature, autoflammability and odour was confirmed. There was also a non-linear relationship between the above parameters and the iodine index of the fatliquoring agents. Hexavalent chromium was not formed when temperature tests were applied on neutralised and fatliquored leathers. The possible physicochemical mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed. The temperature test exerted greater influence than the ultraviolet light tests on the aforementioned parameters. Note de contenu : - AIM OF THE WORK - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Materials and methods - Evaluation of the treated samples - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of temperature - Relationship between iodine number an the parameter evaluated - Table 1 : Process details - Table 2 : Fatliquoring agents used with their iodine index - Fig. 1 : Influence of temperature on yellowing - Fig. 2 : Influence of temperature on shrinkage temperature - Fig. 3 : Yellowing and detanning mechanisms - Fig. 4 : Plot of shrinkage temperature versus quantity of fixed chromium - Fig. 5 : Influence of temperature on denaturing temperature - Fig. 6 : Influence of temperature on odour - Fig. 7 : Influence of temperature on surface area variation - Fig. 8 : Influence of ultraviolet light on yellowing - Fig. 9 : Influence of ultraviolet light on shrinkage temperature Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35251 [article]

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Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part II : Chrome retanned leathers / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 92, N° 6 (11-12/2008)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 92, N° 6 (11-12/2008) . - p. 237-239 Titre : Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part II : Chrome retanned leathers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ramón Palop, Auteur ; Joan Parareda, Auteur ; Olga Ballùs, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 237-239 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chrome hexavalent Cuir -- Effet du rayonnement ultraviolet Cuirs et peaux -- Détérioration Cuirs et peaux -- Effets de la température Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés organoleptiques Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Produits de nourriture du cuir Retannage Tannage au chrome Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : In this second part, we assessed the influence of a chromium retanning process applied to wet-blue hides fatliquored with eighteen different fatliquoring agents on yellowing, detanning and Cr(VI) formation after exposure to the separate effects of temperature and ultraviolet light. The results obtained for chromium retanned leathers are compared with those of non-retanned leathers in Part I. The temperature test gave rise to less yellowing in chromium-retanned leathers than in non-retanned leathers. As for shrinkage temperature, there were no linear variations although a tendency to lower shrinkage in the retanned samples was observed. Amounts of hexavalent chromium varied as a function of the fatliquor type. It may be concluded that the oxidised chromium present resulted from residual or weakly fixed chromium from the retanning process. Regarding fastness to ultraviolet light, both yellowing and shrinkage temperature reduction were lower in chromium retanned leathers. Eight fatliquoring agents were selected in line with the results obtained. Their behaviour with respect to physical and organoleptic properties was compared with that of a sulphated triglyceride used as reference. The most suitable fatliquoring agents were suggested for four different leather articles. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE : Materials and methods - Evaluation of the treated samples - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Effect of temperature - Effect of light - BEHAVIOUR OF SELECTED FATLIQUORING AGENTS V. PHYSICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES : Comparison with a standard process - Results - CONCLUSIONS : Selection of fatliquoring agents for different leather articles - Table 1 : Process details - Table 2 : Fatliquoring agents used with their iodine index - Table 3 : Variation of the properties (%Δ) compared with the reference except fogging, which refers to the absolute values for each fatliquoring agent En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1U17gAnTjeWUhI1pnG6jm0c0MEj4I70j9/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=38991 [article]

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Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part III : Interaction with synthetic and vegetable retanning agents / Ramón Palop in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 2 (03-04/2010)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 94, N° 2 (03-04/2010) . - p. 70-76 Titre : Leather ageing and hexavalent chromium formation as a function of the fatliquoring agent. Part III : Interaction with synthetic and vegetable retanning agents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ramón Palop, Auteur ; Olga Ballùs, Auteur ; Albert M. Manich, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p. 70-76 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The interaction between vegetable extracts (tara and mimosa) and synthetic phenolic retanning agents, one of them of the polyhydroxyphenol type especially developed for this study, with two fatliquoring agents of different oxidisability in relation to temperature is studied. Different properties such as : leather colour variation, shrinkage temperature and chromium VI formation after subjecting the leather samples to the temperature test have been considered. Moreover, those retanning agents with the highest anti-oxidant capacity have been selected for study, by means a "Simplex-Centroid" experimental design, of their influence on different organoleptic and physical properties of the treated leather. The vegetable retanning agents (tara and mimosa) inhibit the formation of free radicals so that the oxidation of unsaturated fatliquoring agents is avoided as well as chromium VI formation. The retanning agent of the polyhydroxyphenol type acts as an efficient antioxidant showing good temperature fastness. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FyW7zTRZi47OV-YjJ90iuKM_-Bj-XsYj/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9183 [article]

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Synthetic retanning agents / Ramón Palop in LEATHER INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 210, N° 4785 (06/2008)  

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