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Auteur Felipe Combalia
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School of Enginerring, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) - Igualada - Spania
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Application of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) in vegetable tanning process control / Trinitat Canals in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 97, N° 3 (05-06/2013)
[article]
inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 97, N° 3 (05-06/2013) . - p. 93-100
Titre : Application of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) in vegetable tanning process control Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Trinitat Canals, Auteur ; Josep Maria Morera, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Esther Bartoli, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 93-100 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de
Mimosa et constituants
Qualité -- Contrôle
QuebrachoLe quebracho est un arbre à écorce ligneuse, mesurant 30 mètres de haut, à feuilles tannées et à fleurs tubulées blanches.
Quebracho est l'un des noms communs, en espagnol, d'au moins trois espèces similaires d'arbres originaires du Gran Chaco, en Amérique latine : Schinopsis lorentzii (quebracho colorado santiagueño), de la famille des Anacardiaceae ; Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño), de la même famille ;
Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (quebracho blanc), de la famille des Apocynaceae.
Ces trois espèces sont riches en tanin et fournissent un bois très dur, particulièrement résistant. Leur nom provient de l'espagnol quiebrahacha, qui signifie brise-hache.
Réflexion totale atténuée
Spectroscopie infrarouge proche
Tannage végétal -- AnalyseIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The tanning industry is currently influenced by the globalization of international markets. Competitiveness among industries has increased substantially. This therefore results in the need to further control the tanning processes in order to adjust each process thus preventing potential manufacturing errors. To avoid compromising production, controls must be performed in the least possible time.
In the case of vegetable-tanned leather the official method for determining the `degree of tannage' or `connbined tannins' parameters is not directly from a single standardized test method. The procedure to obtain these parameters involves performing several independent analyses and these present several drawbacks. The process is slow, involves the use of pollutants and the reproducibility of results depends on the experience of the analysts who perform the test. Consequently, the determination is infeasible in some cases.
Our work aims to develop a new analytical method for determining the tanning degree and the parameters associated with its calculation (combined tannins, hide substance and leather substance) of leathers tanned with vegetable extracts in order to solve this problem. We prepared a wide group of leathers for this purpose, tanned with a mixture of vegetable extracts (mimosa and quebracho) and having different values of the degree of tannage. lnitially, the spectra of leather samples were recorded by Fourier-Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Attenuated Total Reflectance cell (ATR). They were also recorded with Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIR) using a fibre optic module. The subsequent mathematical treatment of spectral signais by a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) chemometric method enabled the calculation of the parameters studied.
The analytical method proposed has several advantages over the traditional method. It enables direct leather analysis, without any manipulation, in a very short time and without using chemicals. Finally, this method allows systematic, fast and easy process control at a very low cost. Good results were obtained with both spectroscopic techniques used, when compared with those obtained by the traditional analysis.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Apparatus, software and reagents - Methodology - Recording of FTIR and NIR spectra - Processing of data
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Introduction - Quantification of vegetable leather samples from FTIR spectra - Quantificationof vegetable leather samples from NIR spectra - Analytical method proposed to control productionEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ljDF37TWgxKPSfgVfXaOH8K0VP8Y5Wti/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18836 [article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15193 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Comparison of the sustainability of the vegetable, wet-white and chromium tanning processes through the life cycle analysis / Anna Bacardit in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020)
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inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXV, N° 3 (03/2020) . - p. 105-111
Titre : Comparison of the sustainability of the vegetable, wet-white and chromium tanning processes through the life cycle analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anna Bacardit, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; Grau Baquero, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : p. 105-111 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Bilan énergétique
Durée de vie (Ingénierie)
Environnement -- Etudes d'impact
Etudes comparatives
Glutaraldéhyde
Tannage au chrome
Tannage végétal
Wet-blue (tannage)Peau tannée au chrome (le chrome donne une couleur bleue)
Wet-white (tannage)Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Public concerns about the quality of life of human beings as well as the quality of natural environments and ecosystems have led to the increasing importance of sustainability for governments and for all industries, including the leather industry. In this context, more "ecological" leather goods are being demanded. It should be noted that this concept is often used without a scientific study to support it.
This concept of sustainable or ecological product in the field of leather goods, are mainly associated with chrome-free tanneries (that is vegetable and wet-white), but this association should be backed up or dismissed by scientific evidence. A complete scientific study is required, which takes into account the different stages of leather production, including also the treatment of water and by-products, analyzing in a scientific and systematic way the environmental impact of each of these tanning processes.
This study focuses on the life cycle analysis of the three basic tanning processes: chrome, vegetable and wet-white leather production. It will focus on European manufacturing to have reliable data and reduce uncertainty.
In the tanning stage, the process with the greatest impact is the vegetable one, to highlight its high impact on global warming at 100 years (GWP100). This result is due to the energy necessary for the production of mimosa and quebracho in addition to the energy for the processing of the leather in the drums.
Wet white tanning with glutaraldehyde has lowest environmental results than vegetable tanning.
The chrome tanning process (wet blue) also stands out for its reduced environmental impact.
Subsequently, to have a global view of the entire production, the LCA of the post-tanning stages must be performed to evaluate the impact of each of the systems studied.Note de contenu : - Experimental - Scope and limits of the system
- Experimental - Inventory
- Experimental - Characteristics of the wastewater of the different processes
- Table I : Inputs and outputs for the chrome tanning process (wet blue)
- Table II : Inputs and outputs fot the wet-white tanning process using glutaraldehyde
- Table III : Inputs and outputs for the wet-white tanning process using glutaraldehyde and tara
- Table IV : Inputs and outputs for the vegetable tanning process
- Table V : Comparison of the pollutant load in the tanning stage in the processes considedred
- Table VI : Impact categories considered (CML baseline, v4, 4 january 2015
- Fig. 1 : Comparative environmental results of the life cycle analysis of the wet blue, wet white and vegetable tanning processes
- Fig. 2 : Comparative energy results of the life cycle analysis of the wet blue, wet white and vegetable tanning processesDOI : https://doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i03.1628 En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i2Jo-InHc_K9d3kWGYpAzddSlM1ZdC7F/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33888 [article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 21626 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Determination of formaldehyde content in leather : EN ISO 17226 standard. Influence of the agitation method used in the initial phase of formaldehyde extraction / Albert M. Manich in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXII, N° 5 (05/2017)
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inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXII, N° 5 (05/2017) . - p. 168-179
Titre : Determination of formaldehyde content in leather : EN ISO 17226 standard. Influence of the agitation method used in the initial phase of formaldehyde extraction Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Albert M. Manich, Auteur ; Sara Cuadros, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : p. 168-179 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse quantitative (chimie)
Cuir -- Teneur en formaldéhyde
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Cuirs et peaux -- Normes
Extraction (chimie)Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Given the carcinogenic character of formaldehyde, it should be reliably determined in any substrate. The EN ISO 17226 Standard is the Official Method to quantify formaldehyde in leather. However, some misunderstandings may arise from the practical conditions given by the Standard for the extraction of formaldehyde. Two agitation methods (magnetic agitation and reciprocal linear agitation), which fulfill the conditions of the Standard, have been used for the extraction of formaldehyde in twenty two samples of wet-blue split leather treated with resins synthesized with formaldehyde and with/without the addition of vegetable compounds. The agitation method influences the formaldehyde content and differences between the agitation methods depend on the formaldehyde resins and vegetable compounds applied. Magnetic agitation leads to formaldehyde contents that are 26% greater than those obtained when the reciprocal linear agitation method is used. Major brands specify allowable limits for formaldehyde content, which depend on the user (adult or babies) and whether the article is in direct contact with the skin. A high percentage of disagreement (33.3%) has been observed between the agitation methods in fulfilling the allowable limits. One-third of the formaldehyde content results that fulfilled the allowable limits with the reciprocal linear agitation method failed when the magnetic method was applied. The situation urges the clarification of the shaking method in the EN ISO 17226 Standard to avoid the high level of contradictory results between methods that meet the agitation conditions of the Standard. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS
- METHODS : Determination of formaldehyde in leather - Analysis of formaldehyde content in formaldehyde resins - Analysis of tannins and non-tannins in vegetable compounds - regression analysis
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Influence of the formaldehyde content (low, A or high, B) of the melamine-formaldehyde resin on the formaldehyde content (FC) of the treated leather samples extracted with the two agitation methods - Influence of the formaldehyde content (low, A or high, B) of the dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resin on the formaldehyde content (FC) of the treated leather samples extracted with the two agitation methods - Influence of the resin type (MF and DCDF) of low formaldehyde content - Influence of the resin type (MF and DCMF) of high formaldehyde content - Influence of the vegetable compounds on the linear regression between the formaldehyde content of leather samples extracted by the two agitation methods - Influence of the shaking methods on the formaldehyde content of samples treated with formaldehyde-based resins with and without vegetable compounds - Influence of the shaking method on failure/acceptance of formaldehyde content results in relation to allowable limitsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OK9UDZ-q6PFVeaXvrzquTUioqyzJzfDi/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28553 [article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18894 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by ion-exchange chromatography / Joaquim Font in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 98, N° 4 (07-08/2014)
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inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 98, N° 4 (07-08/2014) . - p. 151-157
Titre : Determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by ion-exchange chromatography Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joaquim Font, Auteur ; Carme Pérez, Auteur ; Maria R. Reyes, Auteur ; Mireia Cobos, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Agusti Marsal, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p. 151-157 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chromatographie par échange d'ions
Cuir -- Teneur en chrome hexavalent
Cuirs et peaux -- AnalyseIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The determination of traces of hexavalent chromium in leather and in leather consumer goods is carried out by ion-exchange chromatography. Samples are extracted at pH7.5-8 with a phosphate buffer, according to the method of the current ISO 17075 Standard. The extracts are filtered and analysed by HPLC using an ion-exchange stationary phase and a PDA detector, without any clean up process. An ammonium sulphate electrolyte at pH8 is used as mobile phase. The determination of the recovery yields rates from 84 to 108%. The HPLC method is compared with the current ISO 17075 Standard, which is based in the classical method of the diphenylcarbazide. The data from these results, and from those of recovery rate studies, leads us to conclude that the HPLC method is a better alternative for determining chromium (VI) in leather samples. The new method shortens the procedure of the current ISO 17075 Standard, diminishes workload, reduces the amount of laboratory wastes and its results are much more precise. HPLC is able to measure the chromium (VI) concentration of samples up to 3mg/kg, the detection limit of the current Standard. Note de contenu : - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Linearity of the chromatographic method - Selectivity of the chromatographic method - Influence of mobile phase concentration - Time stability of the mobile phase - Limit of detection
- ANALYSIS OF LEATHER SAMPLES : Comparison of precision and recovery rate of the results of both methodsEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u5n2r88RiXLbK1mf0sbelyzG2opknywl/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21814 [article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 16445 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by ion-exchange chromatography. Direct method versus post-column derivatisation method / Irene Compte in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 105, N° 4 (07-08/2021)
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inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 105, N° 4 (07-08/2021) . - p. 175-182
Titre : Determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by ion-exchange chromatography. Direct method versus post-column derivatisation method Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Irene Compte, Auteur ; Rosa M. Cuadros, Auteur ; Anna Bacardit, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Joaquim Font, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p. 175-182 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chromatographie par échange d'ions
Chrome hexavalent
Cuir -- Teneur en chrome hexavalent
Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse
Extraction (chimie)Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The ISO 17075-2 Standard was published in 2017. In this standard appeared for the first time the determination of hexavalent chromium in leather by liquid chromatography. Two alternative instrumental options are proposed in this method: the direct determination of the absorbance of the chromate peak (Annex B of the Standard) or after the post-column derivatisation with diphenylcarbazide (Annex C). Instrumental performance parameters and economic costs between both methods are compared in this paper. One hundred different leathers were analysed by both chromatographic systems. The two methods proved very good correlation. The post-column method has a higher instrumental sensitivity compared to the direct detection method, which is important to reduce the uncerteinty of the measure in semples around the 3mg/kg current regulatory limit. Other important advantages are its absolute selectivity, which allows the secure identification of the hexavalent chromium in all type of complicated matrixes, and the higher durability of its well protected columns due to the use of cost-effective guard columns. Due to the technical advantages and the slight difference in the equipment cost, which can be compensated thanks to the larger lifespan of the chromatographic columns, it is concluded that the post-column method is the most suitable option for the most determination of hexavalent chromium in leather. Note de contenu : - MATERIALS AND METHODS : Chemicals - Samples - Extraction
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Optimisation of the post-column conditions - Method validation - Repeatability and accuracy of the post-column determination method - Analysis of leather samples - Economic assessment
- Table 1 : Optimisation of the mobile phase ionic strength
- Table 2 : Optimisation of the mobile phase flow
- Table 3 : Optimisation of the post-column reagent flow
- Table 4 : Comparison of three different cartridges
- Table 5 : Concentration of Cr(VI) obtained in 14 leather samples, all of them above 3.0 mg/kg
- Table 6 : Evaluation of the Cr(VI) results in 100 leather samplesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/13VmY0k59wMY6TKIykzgnXLA9wEalFumN/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36106 [article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 22841 - Périodique Bibliothèque principale Documentaires Disponible Pine tannin extraction from residues of pine forest exploitation / Mireia Conde in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXV, N° 6 (06/2020)
PermalinkPolysilane cross-linked binders for aqueous finishing / Lluis Ollé in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 3 (05-06/2010)
PermalinkA simple test to determine the propensity of a fatliquor to trigger the formation of chromium (VI) in leather / Irene Compte in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXVII, N° 11 (11/2022)
PermalinkStudy of cross-linking reactions on butadiene binders in aqueous finishing / Anna Bacardit in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 94, N° 6 (11-12/2010)
PermalinkStudy of several variables in the fixation stage of a vegetable tannager after penetration under ultrasound / Felipe Combalia in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIII, N° 5 (05/2018)
PermalinkStudy of the application of ultrasound in a vegetable tannage / Josep Maria Morera in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CV, N° 11 (11/2010)
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