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Experimental study of surfactant retention on kaolinite clay / Y. Wu in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 346-358 Titre : Experimental study of surfactant retention on kaolinite clay Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Y. Wu, Auteur ; S. Iglauer, Auteur ; P. Shuler, Auteur ; Y. Tang, Auteur ; W. A. Goddard, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 346-358 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Huiles et graisses -- Absorption Kaolinite Surfactants Tags : 'Conservation  agent  tensio-actif'  'Argile  kaolinite'  Surfactant  'Récupération  améliorée  huile'  'Mécanisme  rétention' Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : We measured equilibrium surfactant retention on kaolinite clay for a large array of surfactants. We demonstrate that the mass balance measurements we used are a rapid way to screen surfactants in terms of their potential to be used in enhanced oil recovery applications. Surfactant classes investigated include: alkyl(aryl) sulfonates, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers, ethoxylated alkylphenols, alkyl polyglucosides, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, alkyl alcohol propoxylated sulfate sodium salts, gemini surfactants, sulfosuccinates and organo siliconeethylene oxide-propylene oxide terpolymers. We identified several surfactants which had zero retention under the test conditions and which may therefore be suitable as enhanced oil recovery chemicals in surfactant flooding schemes. We discuss surfactant retention mechanisms on kaolinite clay and analyze surfactant structure-retention relationships for several surfactant classes. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12548 [article]

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Resource saving by training – how much can be saved in manual dishwashing ? / Natalie Fuss in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 359-365 Titre : Resource saving by training – how much can be saved in manual dishwashing ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Natalie Fuss, Auteur ; Rainer Stamminger, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 359-365 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : 'Lavage  vaisselle'  'Consommation  eau  optimale'  'Economie  eau' Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Automatic dishwashing has been optimised in manifold ways during the last decades. But it is also necessary to optimise manual dishwashing, because almost every household still washes up at least a few items by hand. A procedure based on an experimental multi-factorial laboratory study was developed to wash up a specified number of dishes with good cleanliness and an optimum water consumption as results. This procedure was then translated into generalised dishwashing tips – called Best Practice Tips. These tips were used to run two comparative consumer laboratory studies: the first part of each study investigated the everyday dishwashing behaviour and resource consumption of consumers. The second part studied the behaviour and the resource consumption after a training on the Best Practice Tips. The comparison showed that with a larger number of dishes, relevant amounts of resources of energy and water can be saved, whereas with a smaller number of dishes, no significant reduction was found. This is possibly due to a different optimum for washing up only a few items. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12549 [article]

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Adsorption studies of basic green 4 from aqueous solution on Ca2+ exchanged clay / F. K. Bangash in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 366-374 Titre : Adsorption studies of basic green 4 from aqueous solution on Ca2+ exchanged clay Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : F. K. Bangash, Auteur ; S. Alam, Auteur ; M. Khan, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 366-374 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Colorants -- Adsorption Diffractométrie de rayons X Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Microscopie électronique à balayage Spectrométrie à énergie dispersive Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : The adsorption of basic green 4 from aqueous solution on calcium exchanged clay (Attock-Ca and Swat-Ca) was studied. Clays were first purified and activated with H2SO4and then exchanged with Ca2+ions. Clay was characterized by BET surface area, XRD and SEM/EDS. The adsorption kinetic at 298 K and 306 K showed that the first order models were applied to the data. The rate constant increased with the rise in temperature of adsorption/activation. Thermodynamic properties (ΔE≠, ΔH≠, ΔS≠and ΔG≠) for the adsorption process were calculated. Positive values of ΔH≠showed that the adsorption of basic green 4 is endothermic. Positive values of ΔS≠reflected the increase in the disorder of the system at the solid-solution interface during adsorption. The Gibbs free energy, which is the driving force for adsorption is negative indicating spontaneous adsorption. Freundlich’s and Langmuir’s models described the equilibrium adsorption study and found to fit the experimental data. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12550 [article]

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Aquatic risk assessment of enzymes used in household detergents / T. Madsen in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 375-382 Titre : Aquatic risk assessment of enzymes used in household detergents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. Madsen, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 375-382 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Animaux aquatiques -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau Enzymes -- Toxicologie Evaluation du risque Plantes aquatiques -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau Risques écotoxicologiques Surfactants -- Aspect de l'environnement Surfactants -- Toxicologie Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Exposure and effect assessment including risk characterisation of enzymes used in household detergents were conducted. Predicted environmental concentrations were calculated by use of traditional methods and detailed transport and fate modelling. Predicted no effect concentrations were derived from the results of ecotoxicological studies conducted with subtilisin and other available information on the acute and chronic aquatic toxicity. Risk characterisation ratios were defined as the ratio between the predicted environmental concentration and the predicted no effect concentration. Risk characterisation ratios were calculated for fresh and marine water and were found to be between 0.0002 and 0.06, i. e. all well below 1. This shows that under the given conditions, the use of enzymes in household detergents does not present a risk to the aquatic environment. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12551 [article]

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Aquatic risk assessment of alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxysulphates and linear alkylbenzene sulphonate used in household detergents / D. Rasmussen in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 383-389 Titre : Aquatic risk assessment of alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxysulphates and linear alkylbenzene sulphonate used in household detergents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. Rasmussen, Auteur ; T. Slothuus, Auteur ; G. I. Petersen, Auteur ; T. Madsen, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 383-389 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Animaux aquatiques -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau Ethoxylate d'alcool -- Toxicologie Ethoxysulfates d'alcool -- Toxicologie Evaluation du risque Plantes aquatiques -- Effets de la pollution de l'eau Risques écotoxicologiques Sulfonates d'alkylbenzène Surfactants -- Aspect de l'environnement Surfactants -- Toxicologie Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Exposure and effect assessments including risk characterisation of the surfactants alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxysulphates and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates used in household detergents were conducted. Predicted environmental concentrations were calculated by use of traditional methods and detailed transport and fate modelling. Predicted no effect concentrations were derived from the available information on the acute and chronic aquatic toxicity. Risk characterisation ratios were defined as the ratio of the predicted environmental concentration to the predicted no effect concentration. Risk characterisation ratios were calculated for fresh water and marine water and were below 1. This indicates that based on the methods employed in this study the use of alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxysulphates and linear alkylbenzene sulphonate in household detergents does not appear to present a risk to the aquatic environment. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12554 [article]

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Ultimate biodegradation of commercial linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LASunder ISO 14593 headspace CO2 test : compliance with EU detergent regulation 648/2004 in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 390-394 Titre : Ultimate biodegradation of commercial linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LASunder ISO 14593 headspace CO2 test : compliance with EU detergent regulation 648/2004 Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 390-394 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie industrielle -- Législation -- Pays de l'Union européenne Sulfonates d'alkylbenzène Surfactants -- Biodégradation Surfactants -- Industrie et commerce -- Aspect de l'environnement Tags : 'Alkylbenzène  sulfonates  linéaire'  'Biodégradation  ultime'  'ISO  14593'  'Régulation  détergent  EU' Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : The EU Detergent Regulation 648/2004 introduces a new pass-fail criterion for the biodegradability of all surfactant classes used in household detergents. The new criterion is based on the determination of the mineralisation of the surfactant, ultimate biodegradability. There are a series of official biodegradation tests allowed in the new Regulation as well as a reference test based on the ISO 14593 method. There are few data in the literature about the biodegradation results of common surfactants using the above methodology and consequently the aim of our study was to apply it to a variety of commercial LAS products. Both the influence of the counter-ion and initial concentration of LAS have been assessed. The results confirm that LAS complies with the ultimate biodegradation requirements fixed on the new EU Detergent Regulation. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12555 [article]

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Evaluation of Physico-Chemical interactions between linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and alcohol ethoxylates / F. B. Malihi in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 395-399 Titre : Evaluation of Physico-Chemical interactions between linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and alcohol ethoxylates Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : F. B. Malihi, Auteur ; A. Khaani, Auteur ; N. Changizi, Auteur ; B. Adeeb, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 395-399 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Dynamique moléculaire Ethoxylate d'alcool Sulfonates d'alkylbenzène Surfactants Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the most widely used surfactant in household products. The dominance of LAS is particularly apparent in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, household cleaners, and institutional/industrial cleaners, where it accounts for over 3 million tons per year worldwide consumption. However, detergency performance of LAS is decreased in hard water due to lower solubility and surfactant loss in the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. In this study behavior of an aqueous binary surfactant mixture composed LAS and nonionic surfactants was investigated. Ethoxylated alcohols (C12– C14) with 7 EO and 2 EO units were mixed with LAS in laundry detergent formulations, and performance factors including detergency, solubility, and efficiency and effectiveness of surface tension reduction were examined. Analysis of surface tension data indicated strong molecular interaction between LAS and nonionic surfactant. The results indicated that the addition of low amounts of the nonionic surfactant lowers significantly CMC of the mixed surfactant system, and causes the formation of mixed micelles containing predominantly nonionic molecules which provide water hardness protection for LAS. The overall improvement in detergency appears to be due to: lower CMC of the mixed surfactant system which improves soil solubilization, solubilization of Ca(LAS)2, and reduction of free calcium ions which frees up soluble LAS in solution to adsorb at fabric-soil interfaces for enhanced soil removal. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12562 [article]

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Volumetric and diffusion properties of water/surfactant/n-propanol/4-allylanisole micellar systems / Monzer Fanun in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 400-407- Titre : Volumetric and diffusion properties of water/surfactant/n-propanol/4-allylanisole micellar systems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Monzer Fanun, Auteur ; Jochanan Blum, Auteur ; Reinhard Schomäcker, Auteur ; Michael Schwarze, Auteur ; Diana Meltzer, Auteur ; Ahmad Shakarnah, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 400-407- Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Surfactants Tags : 'Comportement  phase'  'Vélocité  ultrasonique'  Densité  'Compressibilité  isentropique'  'Diamètre  hydrodynamique' Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : Sol-gel encaged [(C8H17)3NCH3][RhCl4] catalyses the double bond isomerization in the flavoring agent 4-allylanisole in aqueous microemulsions. In order to provide optimal composition of the reaction mediumwater/n-propanol/surfactant/4-allylanisole micellar systems were formulated. The surfactants were sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sucrose monolaurate, and polyethylene glycol (7) glyceryl cocoate. The ratio (w/w) of n-propanol/surfactant equals 2/1. The extent of the microemulsions region as function of temperature was determined. The micellar systems were characterized by the volumetric parameters, density, excess volume, ultrasonic velocity and isentropic compressibility. The micellar densities increase with the increase in the water volume fraction. Ultrasonic velocities increase with the increase in water volume fraction up to 0.8 then decrease. Ultrasonic velocities increase with temperature for water volume fractions below 0.8 and decrease for water volume fractions above 0.8. Quantitative analysis of the volumetric parameters enabled the characterization of structural transition along the micellar phase. The particle hydrodynamic diameter of the oil-in-water systems was determined as function of temperature. The particle hydrodynamic diameter decreases in the case of the ionic surfactants while in the case of nonionic surfactants it increases. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12563 [article]

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Synthesis of dodecyl lauroyl benzene sulfonate and its application in enhanced oil recovery / Zhen-Gang Cui in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 409-414 Titre : Synthesis of dodecyl lauroyl benzene sulfonate and its application in enhanced oil recovery Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhen-Gang Cui, Auteur ; Le Wu, Auteur ; Mingming Sun, Auteur ; Jian-Zhong Jiang, Auteur ; Feng Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 409-414 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Dodécylbenzènesulfonate de lauryle -- Synthèse Surfactants -- Synthèse Tags : 'Synthèse  dodécylebenzène  sulfonate  lauroyle'  'alkali/surfactant/polymère'  Surfactants  'Récupération  améliorée  huile'  'Tension  interfaciale  très  réduite'  'Alkylbenzène  lourd' Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : A new hydrophobic surfactant, dodecyl lauroyl benzene sulfonate (DLBS), was synthesized and its application in enhanced oil recovery by alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding was studied. The results show that DLBS can be synthesized by reaction of industrial dodecyl benzene with lauroyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3, followed by sulfonation with ClSO3H and neutralization with NaOH. The lauroyl-group is confirmed to be connected to the para-position of the alkylbenzene by1HNMR spectrum. The synthesized DLBS is well soluble in pure water and reservoir (connate) water at 45 °C. It is highly surface active which is indicated by its low CMC of 1.1 · 10–5mol/L, and its low surface tension, γmc of 28.6 mN m–1. By mixing with heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates of relatively low average molar mass (387g mol–1) at a total surfactant concentration of 5 mM, DLBS can reduce the interfacial tension of Daqing crude oil/connate water to an order of 10–3mN/m at 45 °C in the presence of 0.5–1.0 wt.% NaOH and 1000 mg L–1of polymer. If the NaOH was replaced by a gentle alkaline salt, Na2CO3, certain amounts of dodecyl dimethyl carboxy betaine were added and the concentration of Na2CO3was increased to 1.2–2.0 wt.%, the interfacial tension of Daqing crude oil/connate water can also be reduced to an ultralow value. Therefore DLBS is a good hydrophobic surfactant applicable in ASP flooding with either NaOH or Na2CO3as alkaline agents. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12564 [article]

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One-step preparation of Comb-like surfactants containing poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether and linear alkyl grafts in TENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS, Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011)

[article]  inTENSIDE, SURFACTANTS, DETERGENTS > Vol. 48, N° 5 (09-10/2011) . - p. 415-420 Titre : One-step preparation of Comb-like surfactants containing poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether and linear alkyl grafts Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p. 415-420 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Chimie des surfaces Copolymères greffés Copolymérisation Surfactants Terpolymère styrène anhydride maléïque Index. décimale : 668.1 Agents tensioactifs : savons, détergents Résumé : The optimum one-step method for preparing comb-like surfactants with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) as backbone was investigated to achieve a commercial way for manufacture. The side chain molecule was introduced into reaction system while the radical copolymerization of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MA) in anhydrous inhibitor-free tetrahydrofuran (THF) was finished. The precipitation and purification process of SMA in traditional grafting-onto route was passed over. A series comb-like surfactants with various side chain, poly(styrene-comaleic anhydride)-g-(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether) (SMA-M), poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-g-(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether & dodecane) (SMA-M+C12) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-g-(dodecane) (SMA-C12), was prepared via this one step method respectively. The molecular weight of the products was measurement via gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The comb-like structures of the surfactants were confirmed by Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The equilibrium surface tension was measured to evaluate the surface activity of comb-like surfactants. The surface activity of the product could be improved by using C12to carry out a hydrophobic modification. The surface activity of comb-like surfactants could be adjusted by using various side chains with different amphiphilic property. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=12565 [article]

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