Hide and leather characteristics of afrikaner and friesland bulls and steers slaughtered at various ages between birth and 24 months / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978) . - p. 1-10 Titre : Hide and leather characteristics of afrikaner and friesland bulls and steers slaughtered at various ages between birth and 24 months Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alan E. Russell, Auteur ; A. C. Galloway, Auteur ; R. L. Boccard, Auteur ; R. T. Naudé, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 1-10 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bovins -- Races Caractérisation Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés physiques Cuirs et peaux de bovins Mesures de rendement Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Investigation of the influence of breed, sex and age factors on hide and leather characteristics indicates that when young Afrikaner and Friesland bulls and steers are reared under intensive feedlot conditions, bulls have a higher yield of green hide mass than steers and exhibit more favourable leather properties than steers, especially with regard to tensile strength in Friesland bulls. With the onset of sexual maturity in bulls after 12 months of age, accompanying changes in leather physical properties were apparent and tensile strength showed a decline particularly in Friesland bull leathers. These changes in hide physical properties appear to parallel increases in the level of natural crosslinking of the collagen molecular structure during ageing and maturation. Main differences between the two breeds studied were that Afrikaner animals were superior in terms of hide and leather yield whereas the leather of Friesland cattle was qualitatively superior. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Yield measurements - Leather physical tests - RESULTS : Yield measurements - Leather physical tests En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FtMtn1fZb-Y9MSws82wym_0sEszL0Hjr/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31844 [article]

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Hide and leather characteristics of afrikaner and friesland bulls and steers slaughtered at various ages between birth and 24 months / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61, N° 1 (01-02/1977)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 61, N° 1 (01-02/1977) . - p. 1-10 Titre : Hide and leather characteristics of afrikaner and friesland bulls and steers slaughtered at various ages between birth and 24 months Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alan E. Russell, Auteur ; A. C. Galloway, Auteur ; R. L. Boccard, Auteur ; R. T. Naudé, Auteur Année de publication : 1977 Article en page(s) : p. 1-10 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Bovins -- Races Caractérisation Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux de bovins Mesures de rendement Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Investigation of the influence of breed, sex and age factors on hide and leather characteristics indicates that when young Afrikaner and Friesland bulls and steers are reared under intensive feedlot conditions, bulls have a higher yield of green hide mass than steers and exhibit more favourable leather properties than steers, especially with regard to tensile strength in Friesland bulls. With the onset of sexual maturity in bulls after 12 months of age, accompanying changes in leather physical properties were apparent and tensile strength showed a decline particularly in Friesland bull leathers. These changes in hide physical properties appear to parallel increases in the level of natural crosslinking of the collagen molecular structure during ageing and maturation. Main differences between the two breeds studied were that Afrikaner animals were superior in terms of hide and leather yield whereas the leather of Friesland cattle was qualitatively superior. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Yield measurements - Leather physical tests - RESULTS : Yield measurements - Leather physical tests En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FtMtn1fZb-Y9MSws82wym_0sEszL0Hjr/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31878 [article]

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Hide and leather characteristics of young afrikaner-type steers slaughtered at four different live masses / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 64, N° 1 (01-02/1980)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 64, N° 1 (01-02/1980) . - p. 9-15 Titre : Hide and leather characteristics of young afrikaner-type steers slaughtered at four different live masses Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alan E. Russell, Auteur ; A. C. Galloway, Auteur ; R. T. Naudé, Auteur ; Anne-Dorothée Argo, Auteur ; H. J. Venter, Auteur Année de publication : 1980 Article en page(s) : p. 9-15 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Animaux -- Alimentation Cuirs et peaux -- Analyse Cuirs et peaux -- Propriétés mécaniques Cuirs et peaux de bovins Statistiques Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Hide characteristics and leather properties have been examined in hides obtained from young, crossbred Afrikaner-type steers of varying carcase mass. For this purpose, certain animais were fed ad lib. on a concentrate ration while the feed intake of others was restricted, in order to attain various prescribed masses. The experimental animals included three breed types and four carcase-mass groups in which resulting hide and leather qualifies could be examined and compared. Green hide mass in relation to carcase mass decreased sharply after weaning in animals maintained on a low nutritional plane in contrast with animals growing rapidly where relative hide mass increased with live mass gain. Leather area yield in relation to green hide mass tended to remain unchanged in the nutritionally restricted group after weaning, but decreased progressively in full fed animals due to the relatively rapid increase in hide thickness compared with hide area as live mass increased. Upper leather physical tests on the resulting full-grain leathers showed a general marked inflection point in the nutritionally restricted group of animals. Thus, leather extensibility, tensile strength and suit tear force tended to be substantially higher in this group and decreased progressively with increasing live mass in other groups. The significance of these changes in leather properties is discussed in relation to the interruption in the normal growth pattern in the experimental animals. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL : Statistical plan - Factors varied - Conditions of rearing - a. Yield measurements - b. Leather physical tests - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Hide yield (green hide mass-carcase mass ratio - Leather yield (leather area-green hide mass ratio) - Leather tensile properties - Still tear force - Lastometer tests En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RZM7aNbeu7K5BgRELJoNDYFhjNVx5NMd/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34132 [article]

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The influence of compensatory growth on certain hide and leather characteristics / J. F. de Bruyn in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. N° 71 (Année 1987)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. N° 71 (Année 1987) . - p. 169-186 Titre : The influence of compensatory growth on certain hide and leather characteristics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. F. de Bruyn, Auteur ; R. T. Naudé, Auteur ; M. C. Smit, Auteur ; E. J. Potgieter, Auteur ; A. Cloete, Auteur ; A. E. Russell, Auteur ; A. C. Galloway, Auteur ; W. A. Vosloo, Auteur Année de publication : 1987 Article en page(s) : p. 169-186 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Three groups of nine-month-old beef-type steers were fed on a high (treatment I), medium (treatment II) or low (treatment III) nutritional plane for a period of 21 weeks. At the end of this period five cattle of each treatment were slaughtered (average after 23 weeks). The remaining cattle of treatments II and III (the restricted gropus) were then also fed the high nutritional plane such as those from treatment I and allowed to grow to a final slaughter mass of 440 kg. Treatments were compared on an equal stage (0 weeks-control, 23 and 39 weeks) and mass basis (210 kg-control, 370 and 440 kg live mass) through the whole trial as far as certain hide characteristics were concerned. The most severely restricted animals (treatment III) had a lower hide fat percentage content than the moderately restricted (treatment II) and unrestricted animals (treatment I) slaughtered after 23 weeks in the trial. This was due to a decrease in the hide fat content of treatment III during the 23 week period. After a period of compensatory growth, however, no differences were found between the treatments in hide fat content and, therefore, in hide composition. The hide fat content did not increase evenly over the total growth period. The nutritional restriction and/or a subsequent period of compensatory growth had no effect on the solubility of the hide collagen, neither did the hide collagen solutiblity change during the growth process (increase in mass and time). No significant differences were found in the total hide collagen content between the treatments after a period of nutritional restriction (23 weeks). At the final slaughter points (39 weeks and 440 kg live mass), the unrestricted group (treatment I) had a higher total hide collagen content than the previously restricted groups (treatments II and III). The total hide collagen percentage content decreased with growth progress in all the groups. The most severely restricted animals had thinner hides and hide layers (grain and corium major) than the moderately restricted and unrestricted animals after 23 weeks. However, both the restricted groups had less hide corium fat (amount of fat cells) than the restricted group after a period of compensatory growth. Animal growth (i.e. increase in mass and time), was characterised by an increase in total hide and layer thickness and the amount of fat cells in the hide corium. The majority of the hide collagen fibres overlapped in the hide corium major with an angle of 45°. A small decline in this angle of collagen fibre overlapping was found with growth progress over the total trial period which might, because of the importance of this characteristic in hide strength, have an influence on hide and hence on leather characteristic. The connective tissue, elastin, was found to be concentrated mainly in the grain layer of the hide. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nKpFRshcuYW18YYPa-rja5cqtbBD5hHy/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9164 [article]

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The influence of compensatory growth on certain hide and leather characteristics. Part II. Hide and leather yield and leather physical characteristics / Alan E. Russell in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 72 (Année 1988)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 72 (Année 1988) . - p. 193-209 Titre : The influence of compensatory growth on certain hide and leather characteristics. Part II. Hide and leather yield and leather physical characteristics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alan E. Russell, Auteur ; S. Pinchuck, Auteur ; J. E. Bruyn, Auteur ; R. T. Naudé, Auteur Année de publication : 1988 Article en page(s) : p. 193-209 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Three groups of nine-month-old beef-type steers were fed on a high (treatment I), medium (treatment II) and low (treatment III) nutritional plane for a period of 21 weeks. At the end of this period, five cattle of each treatment were slaughtered. The remaining cattle of treatments II and III (the restricted groups) were then also fed on a high nutritional plane as for those from treatment I and allowed to grow to a final slaughter mass of 440 kg. Treatments were compared on an equal stage (0 week, control ; 23 and 39 weeks) and mass basis (210 kg, control ; 370 and 440 kg live mass) throughout the trial with respect to hide and leather yield and leather physical characteristics. High yield (hide mass/carcase mass) was not influenced by nutritional restriction and/or a subsequent period of compensatory growth nor did the hide yield change over the entire trial period. Leather yield (leather area/green hide mass) was higher for nutritionally restricted animals than for unrestricted animals after the initial 23 week period. This treatment difference was eliminated when treatments were compared on an equal mass basis (370 and 440 kg live mass). Leather yield decreased with growth of the animal. Full-grain upper leather obtained from the hides of nutritionally restricted animals, particularly in treatment III, were stronger (higher tensile and tear strength and lastometer response at grain crack) and more extensible than upper leathers from the hides of unrestricted animals at 23 weeks and 370 kg live mass. These nutritional difference disappeared after the subsequent period of compensatory growth and treatment comparison at 39 weeks and at 370 kg live mass showed no significant differences in upper leather physical properties. Leathers of greatest strength and extensibility were obtained from the weaner group of aniamsl and all leather physical characteristics (tensile properties, slit tear force and lastometer response) declined with animal growth. Microscopic examination of cross-sectional fibre structure indicated that features contributing to a decrease in leather strength were the development of coarser corium major fibre bundles with less interweaving, a higher angle of weave and an increase in grain-to-corium major ratio in the full-grain leather. These results indicate that weaner steers subjected to a winter or drought nutritional restriction will produce hides and leathers of the same yield and physical characteristics as nutritionally unrestricted animals provided restricted animals are subsequently exposed to high nutritional veld or feedlot conditions and slaughtered at an equivalent stage of growth or at equivalent live mass. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YHss08GC5a0eZArZ7TVwQNfOQaVkb0tN/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9111 [article]

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